Bleicherode
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Coordinates: 51 ° 26 ' N , 10 ° 34' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Nordhausen | |
| Fulfilling municipality : | for Großlohra for Kehmstedt for Kleinfurra for Lipprechterode for Niedergebra |
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| Height : | 237 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 108.2 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 10,327 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 95 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 99752 (Bleicherode, Kleinbodungen, Kraja, Wipperdorf) , 99735 (Etzelsrode, Friedrichsthal, Hainrode, Nohra, Wolkramshausen) , 99759 (Elende, Obergebra) |
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| Area code : | 036338 | |
| License plate : | NDH | |
| Community key : | 16 0 62 066 | |
| LOCODE : | DE 3BU | |
| City structure: | 11 districts | |
City administration address : |
Hauptstrasse 37 99752 Bleicherode |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Frank Rostek ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Bleicherode in the Nordhausen district | ||
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The small town of Bleicherode is a rural community in the Nordhausen district in Thuringia ( Germany ) with around 10,500 inhabitants surrounded by the Bleicherode Mountains .
Bleicherode is a fulfilling community for the communities Großlohra, Kehmstedt, Kleinfurra, Lipprechterode and Niedergebra.
geography
Geographical location
The place is between resin and Hainleite and is in the bleicherode hills of, a portion Ohm Hills embedded. The Harz Mountains are a short distance to the north and the Goldene Aue to the east . The Bleiche , a tributary of the Bode, flows through the small town .
City structure
In addition to the core town of Bleicherode, the districts of Bliedungen , Elende , Etzelsrode , Friedrichsthal , Gratzungen , Hainrode , Hünstein , Kinderode , Kleinbodungen , Königsthal , Kraja , Mitteldorf , Mörbach , Nohra , Oberdorf , Obergebra , Pustleben , Wernrode , Wipperdorf , Wollersleben and Wolkramshausen belong to the urban area .
history
The area around Bleicherode was already settled in prehistoric times, as can be seen today by the remains of ramparts on the surrounding mountains. The Lorenzenberg has an extensive rampart. Finds date from the early to high Middle Ages and early modern times. A small castle was built in this prehistoric complex in the Middle Ages because the basin between Windleite, Bleicheröder Mountains, Hainleite and Dün could be controlled from this location. The Löwenberg is the north-eastern spur of the Bleicheröder Mountains, on which the Löwenburg stood. From there there is a wide view towards the Upper Harz, so that a good control of the area was possible. Prehistoric and medieval fragments were found on the mountain. The ramparts that secured the area on the west and south sides are still preserved. The Vogelberg is the easternmost mountain of the Bleicheröder Mountains. The Wippertal is easy to see from the height . The mountain spur was secured with an arched wall and moat to the west. The section wall of the prehistoric complex is well preserved.
In 1303 Heinrich IV. Von Hohnstein acquired the place from the Counts of Beichlingen and in 1322 granted it limited market rights . Four years later the settlement was first mentioned as a city (right to use its own seal and coat of arms). During the Thirty Years' War , Bleicherode was looted and set on fire by the troops of Count von Pappenheim (October 3, 1632). In times of need the Bleicheröder helped themselves by breeding Roman snails , which were brought to Leipzig and exported from there. This fact earned the residents the local name of snail stallions , because a particularly greedy merchant supposedly wanted to go to Leipzig a second time, but on the way the snails woke up from their hibernation and the whole wagonload of snails was lost. In 1648 Bleicherode was subordinated to Brandenburg and in 1699 directly to the Brandenburg Elector. Prussian King Friedrich II (the "Old Fritz") visited the city in 1754. From 1816 to 1952 Bleicherode belonged to the Grafschaft Hohenstein district .
August Petermann was born on April 18, 1822 in Bleicherode . His birthplace with a memorial plaque is in "Neue Straße 3" and is located opposite the town hall. He was one of the most important geographers and cartographers of his time.
After potash storage had been established in the Bleicherode area in 1888 , the mining of potash salts began in 1899. The city was shaped by the potash industry until 1990, when potash mining was largely stopped as a result of the political and economic change. Backfill mining is still carried out on a small remainder; The former residue dump will be greened in the medium term in cooperation with the University of Göttingen . For this purpose, building and earth excavation is applied in terraced steps. From 1911 until the Second World War, the city was a state-recognized health resort. On November 9, 1938, the synagogue was set on fire and burned down. In the course of the November pogroms in 1938, the city lost its large Jewish community. On the site of the demolished synagogue, a memorial stone has been commemorating them since 1986. A Jewish cemetery on Vogelberg is located outside the city area and is not open to the public.
In 1944, on the orders of the responsible SS group leader Hans Kammler, rocket research and production of the V2 rocket was relocated from Peenemünde to the Kohnstein near Nordhausen, near Bleicherode. Up to 1945, 5,000 type V 2 rockets had been produced, with the help of many forced laborers who had to work under inhumane conditions in a Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp set up especially for this purpose in Nordhausen . Other prisoners of war from the United Kingdom and France , as well as 350 men and women mainly from the Soviet Union had to bleach Röder companies forced labor afford: in the technical workshops Lange & Weinhold , in potash , in the pit of Velsen in the cotton weaving Werner Vogel KG , in weaving Gelpke & Klein , at the Kulemann and Tölle companies . In today's Kulturhaus , an external command from Dora-Mittelbau with military internees from Italy was housed, who worked for the building and civil engineering company Ohl & Vattrodt .
In February 1945 another company of the Deutsche Telephonwerke und Kabelindustrie AG ( DeTeWe ) was relocated to Bleicherode, which complemented the rocket controls with its technical profile. During the war, in 1943, a department of DeTeWe that was important to the war effort was relocated from Berlin to Sagan in Lower Silesia , where Heinrich Wilhelmi expanded and managed it as a company for analog electronic control and regulation devices for aviation with 500 employees.
At the end of the Second World War , the “free city” of Bleicherode because of two reserve hospitals was occupied by US forces without a fight . During this occupation period of two months, they took numerous documents and experts in rocket technology with them, which were brought to Huntsville in Alabama ( USA ) via intermediate stations .
At the beginning of July 1945 the US Army was then replaced by the Red Army in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . In July 1945 the Rabe Institute (rocket construction and development) was founded under the direction of the former Peenemünder engineer Gunther Rosenplänter and in September 1945 the Gröttrup Institute under the direction of graduate engineer Helmut Gröttrup , the control expert of the V2 rocket. In October 1945, the trained aircraft manufacturer and later "father" of Soviet rocket technology Sergei Pavlovich Koroljow came to Bleicherode as the responsible officer, where in February 1946 all activities were combined in the Nordhausen Institute . The rocket production was resumed from the material stocks and with machines from Mittelwerk GmbH and the V2 rockets were sent to the Soviet Union as test samples. Heinrich Wilhelmi and his former DeTeWe employees were included in this production.
160 German specialists, u. a. Helmut Gröttrup, the aerodynamicist Werner Albring , Heinrich Wilhelmi and the gyro expert Kurt Magnus were forcibly brought to the Soviet Union on October 22, 1946 as part of the Ossawakim campaign , together with the reconstructed plans of the German V2 constructions, the fully assembled A4, many rocket components and dismantled factories. The German collective was held under the leadership of Korolev on the island of Gorodomlja (today the settlement of Solnetschny ) in Lake Seliger ( Russian озеро Селиге́р / osero Seliger ) ( Kalinin Oblast ) for the further development of rocket technology. In contrast to the Americans, who brought German scientists to the USA with their Operation Overcast and who, as early as 1946, used Operation Paperclip (paper clip), also called Operation Overcast for the naturalization and retention of these scientists in the USA, the Soviet Union skimmed off their knowledge and used it in the decisive steps for Soviet space travel . The German specialists were only allowed to return to their homeland between 1951 and 1956.
Until the reunification of Germany, the city was part of the Soviet occupation zone and from 1949 of the GDR .
In 1997 the place was added to the Deutsche Fachwerkstrasse . In 2005, Bleicherode celebrated its 875th city anniversary. The highlight was a parade of the clubs from Bleicherode.
In 2011, the town's landmark was inaugurated by its Bleicheröder "Snail Stallion Knight", a historical symbol of courage, strength and independence. This 3.20 m high figure made of oak wood was copied from the city's coat of arms by the sculptor Kai Hartmann and placed on the town hall wall at the corner of Hauptstraße.
Incorporations
Elende was incorporated on January 22, 1994, and Obergebra on December 1, 2007 . For Obergebra, Bleicherode was already the fulfilling community. On January 1, 2019, the city of Bleicherode and the communities Etzelsrode , Friedrichsthal , Hainrode , Kleinbodungen , Kraja , Nohra , Wipperdorf and Wolkramshausen merged to form the new city and rural community of Bleicherode. For Etzelsrode, Friedrichsthal, Kleinbodungen and Kraja, Bleicherode was previously the fulfilling municipality. The other communities came from the Hainleite administrative community, which was dissolved at the same time .
Population development
Development of the population:
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- Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values from December 31st
- * Newly merged city of Bleicherode from 2019
politics
City council
The number of members in the city council of Bleicherode was increased from 21 to 34 after the re-establishment of the city and rural community. Due to the large number of new voters, the result of the election on May 26, 2019 cannot be compared with the election on May 25, 2014 . In addition to the mayor, the city council has been composed as follows since the 2019 election:
| Party / list | Seats | |
| CDU | 10 | |
| LEFT | 5 | |
| WG-H / W 1 | 4th | |
| AfD | 4th | |
| SPD | 4th | |
| FDP | 3 | |
| FFW-FW 2 | 2 | |
| F-CDU 3 | 1 | |
| RWK 4 | 1 |
mayor
The full-time mayor Frank Rostek (CDU) was re-elected in the local elections in Thuringia in 2019 .
Twin cities
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Niederzier (Germany) -
Vieux-Condé (France) -
Orneta (Poland) -
Streltscha ( Pazardzhik Oblast , Bulgaria) -
Kretinga (Lithuania)
coat of arms
Description : "In gold a knight in armor in silver with a closed Gothic helmet standing in front of a piece of green ground."
Economy and Infrastructure
When the hard salt deposits were exhausted and under the pressure of great international competition, potash mining in underground mining was stopped. DEUSA International GmbH is now extracting brine from underground and using it to manufacture various products from potassium chloride , sodium chloride and magnesium chloride . In addition to the Deusa company, several medium-sized companies have now set up shop . However, the large residue pile still shows that potash mining had been carried out here for decades.
Transport links
The Bleicherode Ost train station is on the Halle – Hann railway line. Münden . Both the regional express and regional trains stop here . These services have been provided by Abellio Rail Mitteldeutschland since December 13, 2015 . The former Bleicherode – Herzberg railway via Bleicherode Stadt to Großbodungen has not been served since 2001. In 2019 the railway line was dismantled and sleepers and rails disposed of. Bleicherode is approx. 3 km from the former federal highway 80 (Halle - Kassel) and approx. 1 km from the federal highway 38 (Südharzautobahn). The city has its own motorway slip road .
Healthcare
The Helios Klinik Bleicherode is a specialist orthopedic hospital with four centers: Joint Center, Spinal Column Center, Traumatology Center and Center for Osteology, Rheumatoid Orthopedics and Pain Therapy.
education
In Bleicherode there is a speech therapy kindergarten Albert Schweitzer , a primary school (Staatliche Grundschule August Petermann ), a grammar school (Staatliches Gymnasium Friedrich Schiller ), a special school (Staatliches Förderzentrum Dr. Albert Schweitzer ) and a secondary and secondary school (state regular school "Löwentorschule") .
Culture and sights
Museums
An arable bourgeois house of the Liesegang family acquired by the city in 1969 in today's Hauptstrasse 56 was converted into a home room by volunteers from the state- owned Cottana company and the city hospital . In addition to two local researchers, it was managed by the history teacher Hans-Joachim Diedrich from the local POS until 1979 . After 1979, this room was gradually converted into a district museum under a permanent municipal manager and the collection expanded to around 20,000 individual objects by 1994 through loans, donations, household liquidations and acquisitions. Many of these objects have been lost through warehouse sales, flea markets and the dissolution or “cleaning up” of the main depot in 1995/96.
In 2004, an interest group took over the museum and reorganized the collection in terms of the city's history, emphasizing some of the city's previously neglected personalities, while other parts of the exhibition, particularly the military ones, were dismantled. Among other things, the agricultural and livestock parts, the hospital history, the operational and technical history received a final expansion. From 1994 to 1998 the museum had mainly specialized only in potash mining.
Due to an inefficient heating system and permanent moisture in the building, the interest group and the local community and tourism association could no longer maintain the house in autumn 2015 and had to transfer it back to the city. The museum has been closed since then, and the tours were discontinued in spring 2016 after a mold incident.
The local history museum housed a comprehensive collection of weapon replicas, furniture, radios, coins, fossils, insect preparations and literature on local history. In addition, there are extensive bequests, diploma and specialist theses by former pupils and students, detailed documentation on the local labor movement, remains of the city archive and a collection of local history newspapers in the building. In addition to a permanent position, which since 1971 particularly illuminated the city's history, the museum was in contact with numerous Thuringian museums and associations and regularly offered special exhibitions on local and national art as well as its own events, lectures and projects.
The building was the birthplace of well-known local personalities such as the teacher and local poet Anna Billich and the Berlin orientalist Adalbert Merx .
Buildings
- The historic town hall was built in 1540/41.
- Some renovated surface facilities in the cityscape remind of the hundred-year-old mining tradition.
- The so-called Forest House Japan has a representation room with a French wallpaper from the early 19th century.
- The St. Mary's Church, now used as a Protestant town church, was built in the 15th century .
- The Catholic parish church of St. Matthias was built in 1907.
- The old chancellery was the seat of the city council. The synagogue was located there from 1792 to 1890.
- The Rosenkirche, located in the Elende district, was a well-known pilgrimage site in the Middle Ages . The goal was initially a wayside shrine , then a small chapel, which became famous for an event that has been handed down as a rose miracle . Adoration of relics and letters of indulgence helped the parish to achieve a certain level of prosperity. As early as 1419, the expansion to the Rosenkirche was completed, there was a miraculous image of Mary.
- The Jewish cemetery on Vogelberg in the south of the city was laid out around 1660.
Memorial stones
- Memorial stone from 1946 in memory of the blood victims of fascism 1933–1945 in the Braustraße / corner Talstraße green area , since 1993 rededicated to the victims of wars and tyranny .
- Memorial stone from 1986 (renewed in 2006) in Obergebraer Straße in memory of the synagogue that was destroyed in the November pogrom in 1938 .
- Memorial plaque from 1988 on St. Mary's Church in Maxim-Gorki-Straße , on which the Protestant parish expresses self-criticism of the silence of Christians in view of the murder of Jewish fellow citizens.
- Two stumbling blocks in memory of the victims of National Socialism.
sons and daughters of the town
- The Bleichröder banking family came from Bleicherode , and their Berlin banking house was one of the most important in Prussia in the 19th century.
- August Petermann (1822–1878), geographer and cartographer, professor
- Marie Boßler (1835–1919), German-Austrian actress
- Adalbert Merx (1838–1909), theologian and orientalist
- Gustav Eisentraut (1844–1926), German major general and historical researcher, long-time chairman of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies
- Heinrich Stengel (1884–1970), teacher and numismatist
- Hans Beyth (1901–1947), banker, Zionist , deputy head, and from 1945 head of the child and youth Alijah in Palestine , killed in defense of a child transport near Castel
- Hans-Jürgen Brosin (* 1936) German meteorologist, marine researcher, oceanographer and oceanographer
- Nikolaus Heiss (* 1943), German architect, monument protector and non-fiction author
- Inge Wilczok-Stahl (* 1944), German concert guitarist, professor at the "Hanns Eisler" University of Music in Berlin
- Jochen Berg (1948–2009), writer
- Hans-Günther Bücking (* 1951), cameraman and director
- Klaus-Peter Braun (1958–1981), GDR border soldier, killed on duty
literature
- Wilhelm Kolbe: Bleicherode around the middle of the 19th century: childhood memories of General Dr. hc Gustav Eisentraut. Heimatland publishing house, Bleicherode, 1939
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , pp. 177/178.
- ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and prehistoric living spaces Jenzig-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 258/259.
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933–1945, series: Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser Volume 8 Thüringen, Erfurt 2003, p. 181 , ISBN 3-88864-343-0
- ↑ Boris E. Tschertok: Rockets and people . German missiles in Soviet hands. tape 1 . Elbe-Dnjepr-Verlag, Mockrehna 1998, ISBN 978-3-933395-00-9 (492 pages).
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: fulfilling communities
- ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 p. 795 ff. , Accessed on January 26, 2019
- ↑ City council election Bleicherode 2019. wahlen.thueringen.de, accessed on August 1, 2019 .
- ↑ Local elections 2019 / mayoral elections. mdr.de, accessed on May 28, 2019 .
- ↑ Museum junk not "sold" , in: Thüringer Allgemeine, June 23, 1996
- ↑ Schimmel in the local museum Bleicherode Tours are refused. Retrieved October 31, 2018 .
- ↑ «Elende, Rosenkirche» . In: Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen (Hrsg.): Cultural discoveries. Eichsfeld district, Kyffhäuserkreis, Nordhausen district, Unstrut-Hainich district . tape 1 (Thuringia). Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-2249-3 , pp. 65 .
Bleicherode | Flats | Wretched | Etzelsrode | Friedrichsthal | Gratzungen | Hainrode | Hünstein | Children's code | Small floors | Koenigsthal | Kraja | Mitteldorf | Mörbach | Nohra | Oberdorf | Obergebra | Pustleben | Wernrode | Wipperdorf | Wollersleben | Wolkramshausen
Bleicherode | Ellrich | Görsbach | Großlohra | Harz Gate | Pegs / helmets | Hohenstein | Kehmstedt | Kleinfurra | Lipprechteode | Niedergebra | Nordhausen | Sollstedt | Urbach | Werther