County of Hohenstein

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The district of Grafschaft Hohenstein , which was Nordhausen until 1888 , was a district in the Prussian province of Saxony from 1816 to 1945 and from 1945 to 1952 as the district of Nordhausen in the state of Thuringia in the SBZ and the GDR . His district town Nordhausen did not belong to the district from 1882 to 1950, as it was an urban district at that time . The majority of the historical district belongs to today's Nordhausen district .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

As part of the Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna , the new became the April 1, 1816 District Nordhausen in the administrative district of Erfurt in the province Saxony furnished. It included the Prussian county of Hohnstein , which had been in existence since 1648, and the city of Nordhausen, which had the status of a Free Imperial City until 1803 .

By a state treaty concluded in Berlin on June 19, 1816, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt ceded the village of Wolkramshausen and the Utterode suburb to Prussia and thus to the district.

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . Since April 1, 1882, the city of Nordhausen formed its own urban district, as it had exceeded the required number of 25,000 inhabitants. The district office remained in Nordhausen. The district was now called Landkreis . On August 8, 1888, the new name County Grafschaft Hohenstein was introduced, which referred to the old Grafschaft Hohnstein.

On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Grafschaft Hohenstein district as well as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. As part of the Prussian district reform of October 1, 1932, the district area expanded through the incorporation of the municipality of Epschenrode from the Worbis district and the municipalities of the Hohnstein office of the dissolved Ilfeld district of the province of Hanover .

On January 1, 1939, the received county county Hohenstein according to the rich now uniform regulation, the term district . After the dissolution of the Province of Saxony on July 1, 1944, the district continued to belong to Prussia, but was now subordinate to the administration of the Reich Governor for Thuringia in Weimar - in line with the Reich Defense Districts . In April 1945, the district was initially occupied by the US Army, but then part of the state of Thuringia in the Soviet zone of occupation.

SBZ / GDR

The city of Bad Sachsa and the community of Tettenborn were reclassified to the district of Osterode am Harz in the British zone of occupation on September 1, 1945 . By ordinance of the President of the State of Thuringia, the County of Hohenstein was renamed the County of Nordhausen with effect from October 19, 1945 .

On June 10, 1946, the Kraja community was reclassified from the Eichsfeld district to the Nordhausen district. On September 30, 1946, the municipalities of Bernterode , Bischofferode , Bockelnhagen , Breitenworbis , Deuna , Gerterode , Großbodungen , Hauröden , Haynrode , Holungen , Hüpstedt , Jützenbach , Neustadt , Niederorschel , Rüdigershagen , Silkerode , Vollenborn , Wallrode , Weißenborn-Lüderode , Zaunröden and Zwinge from the Eichsfeld district in the Nordhausen district.

On July 1, 1950, the city of Nordhausen was incorporated into the district. At the same time, the communities Großberndten and Kleinberndten moved to the district of Sondershausen and the communities of Hüpstedt and Zaunröden to the district of Mühlhausen .

The administrative reform in the GDR on July 25, 1952 led to further territorial changes:

Population development

year Residents source
1816 38,070
1843 51,457
1871 62,935
1890 41,990
1900 44,431
1910 50,012
1925 51,679
1933 67,600
1939 67,740
1946 110.910

The results of the consumer group statistics, which were obtained during the Second World War from the data on food allocations and were published by the Federal Statistical Office in 1953, show the following figures for the district. In the "allocation period" beginning on February 8, 1943, 67,948 card recipients, including 5,070 "caterers"; in the period beginning on August 23, 1943, 86,783 and 16,314 respectively; in the period beginning February 7, 1944, 95,719 and 25,547 respectively; in the 113,458 and 44,602 beginning on August 21, 1944 and in the 115,582 and 38,968 beginning on December 11, 1944. This primarily reflects the expansion of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp .

District administrators

Local constitution until 1945

The district was divided into cities, into rural communities and - until their complete dissolution in 1929 - into independent manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

As of 1939

In 1939, the County of Hohenstein comprised four cities and 80 communities:

2Until 1932 Worbis district

Name changes

  • Sachsa → Bad Sachsa (1905)
  • Benneckenstein → Benneckenstein (Harz) (after 1920?)
  • Crimderode → Krimderode (1948)

literature

  • Heinrich Heine , Vincent Eisfeld (ed.): History of the city of Nordhausen and the district of Grafschaft Hohenstein (= sources and representations of the city history of Nordhausen. Volume 1), 1st reprint edition from 1900. BoD, Norderstedt 2018. ISBN 978-3-7481- 2995-0
  • Steffen Iffland, Rainer Hellberg: From the county of Hohenstein to the district of Nordhausen . In: Der Heimatbote (Vol. 2.1999), pp. 5–11.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ordinance on the renaming of the Grafschaft Hohenstein district of October 19, 1945
  2. ↑ Eleventh ordinance on the subdivision of the state of Thuringia from June 6, 1946
  3. ^ Thirteenth ordinance on the subdivision of the state of Thuringia from September 26, 1946
  4. ^ Fourteenth ordinance on the subdivision of the state of Thuringia from October 15, 1946
  5. ↑ 1. Ordinance on the implementation of the law amending the district and municipal boundaries in the state of Thuringia of April 26, 1950
  6. ^ Correction of the 1st regulation
  7. ↑ Law on the further democratization of the structure and functioning of state organs in the state of Thuringia of July 25, 1952
  8. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Erfurt, p. 357 ( digitized version [accessed January 5, 2017]).
  9. ^ Handbook of the Province of Saxony . Rubachsche Buchhandlung, Magdeburg 1843, p. 306 ( digitized version [accessed July 6, 2016]).
  10. ↑ Royal Statistical Office of Prussia (ed.): The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Saxony. Publishing house d. Royal Extra Bureaus, Berlin 1873 ( digitized [accessed July 5, 2016]).
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. County of Hohenstein. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ↑ 1946 census
  13. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Statistical Reports, Work No. VIII / 19/1, The civilian population of the German Empire 1940–1945. Results of the consumer group statistics. Wiesbaden 1953, p. 27
  14. ^ Johannes Kunzemann - NordhausenWiki
  15. ^ Wolf von Wolffersdorf - NordhausenWiki