Mauderode

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Mauderode
municipality Werther
Coordinates: 51 ° 32 ′ 46 ″  N , 10 ° 41 ′ 14 ″  E
Height : 241 m
Residents : 130
Incorporation : January 1, 1997
Postal code : 99735
Area code : 036332
Mauderode (Thuringia)
Mauderode

Location of Mauderode in Thuringia
View of Mauderode from the Hörninger saddle heads
View of Mauderode from the Hörninger saddle heads

Mauderode is the northernmost part of the municipality Werther in the Nordhausen district in Thuringia in Germany.

location

Mauderode is located in the northern Thuringian hill country , on the border with the southern Harz Zechstein belt in the southern Harz foreland . Nordhausen is about 9 km as the crow flies .

geography

The karst phenomena in the Harz foreland are also natural sights in the vicinity of the place southwest of Mauderode through the Steinsee and other sinkhole lakes, such as the Großer Seeloch . You can also find stream shrinkage in the Mauderöder Flur , in which the valley ditch in particular seeps into the gypsum karst almost all year round. In times of the year with more water, such as when the snow melts, not all of the water in the valley trench seeps into the karst subsoil, but rather flows north of Mauderode towards the Wieda .

history

The establishment of the place Mauderode can be traced back to a "Madelwart" (Madal = fixed word, negotiation, assembly). His name comes from the act of having established himself as the protector of the memorial on the site of the Thing and founded a manor (Thing = court assemblies according to Germanic rights ). The management of a court has been handed down historically and was practiced until the 18th century. The last clues are the linden tree near the church, which is a symbol for the law. According to archaeological finds, traces of a “ moth ” were discovered at the very spot where the linden tree stands . A " Motte " (French .: mound) is a German-speaking world, built on a man-made hill castle tower from the mainly occurring material. As a result, the “ moth ” will have been built of wood or rubble . Discreet archaeological finds have not yet been reached in this area. However, it can be assumed that the same was built from wood, as clearing was a typical method for the establishment of a place. A rampart around this hill, also known as a "temple", is also still detectable. The “ Motte ” may be the starting point for the foundation of Mauderode. In the course of Christianization around the year 780 AD, the construction of a church dedicated to St. Peter can also be dated to this time. In any case, it will have been a Paulus church, since these were built in places of ancient pagan places. The construction of a manor on the site of a thing site is also typical. The origin of the place is to be recorded around the area of ​​the church and the temple. The current settlement was probably founded in the 9th century. Details on this, however, are lost in the fog of history.

Since the name of the place Mauderode should originally have been "Madelwartereute", the form "Mowerterode" could have arisen from this context, with which form of the name the place only appeared in the light of the documented history in 1233. The village originally belonged to the County of Klettenberg since 1233 , which had come to the Hohenstein family in 1267 . 155 years passed after the village was first mentioned in a document until the second mention on April 20, 1358.

After the death of Count Ernst V von Hohenstein - Lohra - Klettenberg in 1552, the Augsburg Confession was introduced as the norm of faith for the subjects on March 27, 1556 in Walkenried . The region was reformed to the evangelical faith.

In 1583 Mauderode belonged to Klettenberg Castle under the Count of Hohnstein-Lohra-Klettenberg. The bishop of Halberstadt was the feudal lord of Mauderode. After the counts of Hohnstein died out in 1593, the area fell to the Duke of Braunschweig . The local church, which still exists today, dates from the time before the Thirty Years War . An inscription in the tower says that it was built in 1606. However, the bells it contained were a few centuries older. The more recent addition to the nave on the west side of the tower is also an indication that a previous church must have existed. In the Thirty Years War (1618 - 1648) Mauderode received a new rule. Major Kaspar Trost and his two sons Christoph Ernst and Dietrich were named as the first of the family in 1632.

In the Peace of Westphalia , Mauderode came to the Electorate of Brandenburg , which, however, did not come into possession until 1699, as it was lent to the Counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein for half a century .

Portrait of Otto Otto von Mauderode

In the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War, it was common custom of that war who with his savings in the war-pay or with their booty penny estates had bought himself after-bought Manor called and the "from" zulegten without ennobled to be. The old knight's seat, called "Katzenstein", was given lease by the von Mauderode family to the Zangenmeister family in 1733 . Even at that time there was talk of a dilapidated manor building that was to be demolished. During the reign of Frederick the Great , the number of colonists in the place was doubled, which increased the size of the place enormously. In 1754 Frederick the Great traveled to the County of Hohenstein . At his behest, a colony of foreign workers is established in Mauderode. 13 citizens have therefore submitted an application for the construction of a new building. The settlements were built on the manor garden of the former manor. The parcel is still called "Katzenstein" today. An indication of the measures taken at that time under the Prussian royal house was to be seen in the old weather vane of the Mauderöder church tower: "Fridericus Rex" [1754].

No traces of the old knight's seat have been preserved. Even formerly created fish ponds in the manor garden have succumbed to swamping over the years. Today's estate is built further west in front of the village and is privately owned.

In 1872 Camillo Kleemann leased the new estate in Mauderode and expanded its homestead. The vernacular says that the family got their fortune through the Prussian War (Franco-German War) and then acquired the manor. Even today it is written in a granary: "18 CK 84". The family was resident until 1923 and managed a total of 1848 acres of land, 883 acres of which in the Mauderöder Flur .

Hermann Markgraf acquired the manor in 1923. The new landlord tried by all means to enlarge the estate and make it even more economical. He expanded the homestead to include a stable, which has been preserved in the form of a workshop, and abolished the old cattle breeds. From then on, cattle breeds were kept, which are generally known as " Harzer Rote Vieh ". However, the reorganization consumed all capital and the hoped-for turnover also failed to materialize. The milk yield of the cows was lower than that of the previous breed, so that Mr. Margrave was broke after a few years. After he became impoverished, the Margrave family had to leave the estate again.

In 1925 the Bruno Kunze family from Uthleber acquired the Mauderode estate. Bruno Kunze acquired the necessary fortune through his invention of the air pressure brake for railways. The farmsteads in the village were also expanded under the Kunze family. They had a garage built next to the granary, built houses and, with the help of state funds, built the sheepfold (Kirchnerbau site) on the site of the burned down “Old Court”. In 1929 they donated the new cemetery and built a mausoleum there in 1934 . Bruno Kunze lived in the estate until his death in 1935. His son Bruno Kunze lived in the estate until it was expelled by the occupying powers in 1945. After the Second World War , the estate was expropriated without compensation and on October 27, 1945 to resettlers and poor farmers distributed.

Mauderode Temple

Since 1959, the headquarters of LPG (P) Mauderode or today's Agrar GmbH Mauderode / Herreden has been located on the grounds of the manor .

From 1961 to 1972 Mauderode was in the border area and could only be visited with a special permit, the so-called " pass ".

Mauderode has been part of the Werther community since 1997 and has since given up its political independence as a community.

Culture and sights

Ev. Church of St. Peter and Paul in Mauderode
  • The Protestant daughter church of St. Peter and Paul is a built in 1606 simple choir tower of plastered rubble with extruded, square choir tower. This has a half-timbered upper floor. The belfry is from the construction period and bears an inscription. The bells are from 1487 and 1500.
  • Small Herrenburg (desolate) near the temple at Mauderode
  • Another special feature in Mauderode are next to the temple near the church, z. B. an old stone cross , which can be found on the northern outskirts in the direction of Gudersleben on the roadside. A Swedish soldier is said to have been slain here during the Thirty Years' War . It counts as a memorial for the victims of the war.
  • The mausoleum of the Kunze family is also to be regarded as a place of interest. Such tombs are seldom erected in smaller towns. It is an octagonal fire brick building with a round copper sheet dome. Four steps , also made of clinker , lead to the entrance . Directly opposite the entrance is the white stone altar. The Kunze family was reburied on September 26, 1993. The mausoleum was given to the Mauderode community by the descendants of the family. After the Kunze family moved to another place, the interior is quite sparse and empty.

literature

Web links

Commons : Mauderode  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Köhler: Pagan sanctuaries: pre-Christian places of worship and suspected cult sites in Thuringia . Jenzig-Verlag, Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-910141-85-8 , pp. 76, 212, 222 .
  2. ↑ Georg Dehio , edited by Stephanie Eißing and others: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Thuringia . 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich / Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-422-03095-6 , p. 786.