History of the administrative structure of Thuringia

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This article describes the development of the administrative structure in the area of ​​what is now the German state of Thuringia from the 19th century to the present day. Before 1920 the area was split up into various small states. In 1922, districts were formed for the first time in the newly founded state of Thuringia . In 1945 the Prussian areas in the north of the country became part of Thuringia, before it was dissolved in 1952 and the three districts of Erfurt , Gera and Suhl were formed. In 1990 the state of Thuringia was re-established, followed in 1994 by a district reform in which the 17 districts were formed in their current form.

Before 1920

Before the state of Thuringia was founded in 1920, the small states of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach , Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Saxe-Meiningen , Saxe-Altenburg , Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt , Schwarzburg-Sondershausen , Reuss younger line and Reuss older line existed in the area of today's Free State of Thuringia. In addition, larger parts of today's Thuringia also belonged to Prussia , especially the former administrative district of Erfurt . Smaller areas belonged to the administrative districts of Merseburg , Kassel and Hildesheim . In the east of Thuringia there were some Saxon exclaves , as well as exclaves of Thuringian states in the west of Saxony and in Lower Franconia.

The administrative units in the list below existed in Prussia and Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach since 1815, in the three other Ernestine duchies since 1826, in Reuss since 1848 and in Schwarzburg since the Stadtilm Treaty of 1599.

Administrative unit Administrative headquarters Area
1910
(km²)
population
1885
population
1910
municipalities
1910
Population density
1910
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Weimar administrative district 1 Weimar 0.972 174,451 111,694 157 0.115
Apolda administrative district Apolda , until 1868 Weimar 0.796 125,138 149 0.157
Eisenach administrative district Eisenach 0.571 089,802 077.112 070 0.135
Dermbach administrative district Dermbach 0.642 042,459 081 0.066
Neustadt an der Orla administrative district Neustadt an der Orla 0.629 049,693 060,746 166 0.097
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Coburg 2 Coburg 0.562 057,383 074,818 146 0.133
Residence town of Coburg 3 Coburg 0.016 023,789 001 1,500
City of Königsberg 3 Koenigsberg in Franconia 0.012 000.891 001 0.073
City of Neustadt 3 Neustadt 0.009 007,977 001 0.855
City of Rodach 3 Rodach near Coburg 0.020th 002,812 001 0.138
District Office Coburg Coburg 0.504 039,349 142 0.078
Part of Gotha Gotha 1,394 141,446 182,359 157 0.131
Residence city Gotha 3 Gotha 0.036 039,553 001 1.109
City of Ohrdruf 3 Ohrdruf 0.040 006,504 001 0.163
City of Waltershausen 3 Waltershausen 0.014th 007,536 001 0.553
District Office Gotha Gotha 0.502 045.201 063 0.090
District Office Ohrdruf Ohrdruf 0.413 044,964 034 0.109
District Office Waltershausen Waltershausen 0.410 038,601 057 0.094
Saxony-Meiningen
Meiningen district Meiningen 0.736 058,715 073,822 124 0.100
Hildburghausen district Hildburghausen 0.786 052,436 061,495 127 0.078
Sonneberg district Sonneberg 0.347 047,870 072,222 078 0.208
Saalfeld district Saalfeld 0.599 055,863 071,223 143 }.119
Saxony-Altenburg
City of Altenburg 4 Altenburg 0.012 - 039,976 001 3,312
Altenburg District Office Altenburg 0.360 111,403 061,950 169 0.172
District Office Roda Roda 0.666 050,057 063,696 158 0.096
District Office Ronneburg 4 Ronneburg 0.285 - 050.506 110 0.177
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Supremacy Rudolstadt 0.734 066,230 080,758 147 0.128
City of Rudolstadt 5 Rudolstadt 0.070 - 012,937 001 0.185
District Office Königsee Koenigsee 0.201 034,308 052 0.127
District Office Rudolstadt Rudolstadt 0.463 033,513 094 0.100
Subordination Frankenhausen 0.207 017.606 019,944 016 0.096
District Office Frankenhausen Frankenhausen 0.207 017.606 019,944 016 0.096
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Supremacy Arnstadt 0.343 035,625 048,537 043 0.142
Arnstadt administrative district 6 Arnstadt 0.172 028,628 026th }.167
Gehren administrative district 6 Miter 0.171 019,909 017th 0.116
Subordination Sondershausen 0.519 037,981 041,380 050 0.080
Ebeleben administrative district 7 Life 0.253 037,981 014,512 026th 0.057
Sondershausen administrative district 7 Sondershausen 0.266 026,868 024 0.101
Reuss younger line
District Office Gera Gera 0.283 110,598 110,578 088 0.391
Schleiz District Office 8 Schleiz 0.544 042,174 085 0.078
Reuss older line
District Office Greiz Greiz 0.316 055.904 072,769 075 0.230
Prussia
Administrative district of Erfurt
City district of Erfurt Erfurt 0.044 058,385 111,463 001 2,533
District of Erfurt Erfurt 0.281 026,244 038.169 043 0.136
County of Hohenstein Nordhausen 0.476 042,478 050,012 079 0.105
District of Heiligenstadt Heiligenstadt 0.434 038,321 042.502 089 0.098
Langensalza district Bad Langensalza 0.418 036,778 038,930 073 0.093
City district Mühlhausen 9 Mulhouse 0.064 025.141 035.091 001 0.548
Mühlhausen district Mulhouse 0.396 032,842 037,553 051 0.095
Nordhausen district 10 Nordhausen 0.022nd 026,960 032,564 001 1,480
Schleusingen district Schleusingen 0.458 041,816 055.189 058 0.121
Weissensee district Weissensee 0.292 025,438 025.199 055 0.086
District of Worbis Worbis 0.445 041,190 044,775 080 0.101
District of Ziegenrück Ranis 0.201 015,623 019,328 049 0.096
Merseburg administrative district
Eckartsberga district 11 Koelleda 0.561 040,039 040,720 130 0.073
District Sangerhausen 11 Sangerhausen 0.773 070,702 073.116 111 0.095
Kassel administrative district
District rule Schmalkalden Schmalkalden 0.280 031,114 044,561 038 0.159
Hildesheim administrative district
District of Ilfeld Ilfeld 0.273 015,179 016,656 028 0.061
Total 17,7060 1,781,3130. 2,291,1840. 3.2260. 0.129
1 Weimar was designated as the 1st administrative district, the following as the 2nd to 5th administrative district.
2 In a referendum on November 30, 1919, the citizens of the Coburg region voted for annexation to Bavaria , which took place on July 1, 1920.
3 In Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the independent cities were referred to as immediate cities . You have been self-employed since 1858.
4 Altenburg became a district in 1900 and the Ronneburg district office existed from 1900.
5 The city of Rudolstadt left the district of the Rudolstadt District Office in 1893.
6 The Arnstadt administrative district was dissolved in 1912. Arnstadt was appointed to the city district. All other communities were reclassified to the district of Gehren.
7 The Ebeleben administrative district existed from 1850 to 1882 and again from 1897 to 1912, then its area was incorporated into the Sondershausen district. At the same time, the Sondershausen district was formed in 1912 and existed until 1922.
8 In 1880 what was then the Ebersdorf District Office was renamed the Schleiz District Office.
9 Mühlhausen was spun off from the Mühlhausen district in 1892.
10 Nordhausen was spun off from the Nordhausen district in 1882.
11 The districts of Eckartsberga (around 50:50) and Sangerhausen (around 30:70) were divided into Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt in the course of the formation of the federal states in 1990.

From 1920 to 1945

Until 1945, both the state of Thuringia and the Prussian areas mentioned above were located in the area of ​​today's Free State of Thuringia .

Thuringian part of the country

Structure of Thuringia after the district formation in 1922

The state of Thuringia was founded in 1920 through the unification of several small states . For a transitional period, the seven predecessor states still existed as self-governing, higher-order local authority associations . They each had an area government and an area council. The powers of these areas gradually passed to the country until they were completely dissolved on April 1, 1923.

After the district reform of 1922, the state of Thuringia was divided into sixteen districts (including the Camburg district department ) and initially nine urban districts. In 1926, the number of urban districts rose to ten due to the renewed freedom of the city of Zella-Mehlis, but decreased again to nine after its reintegration into the Meiningen district in 1936. With the incorporation of the Camburg district department into the Stadtroda district, the number of districts was reduced to fifteen in 1939.

In 1928 there was an exchange of territory and a border adjustment between the Free State of Saxony and the State of Thuringia. Altogether 1778  ha with 2900 inhabitants came to Thuringia and 1115 ha with 4890 inhabitants to Saxony.

In particular, Thuringia received the Ziegenhierdsche Ländchen near Gera, consisting of several Saxon exclaves, with the municipalities and fields Lengefeld , Liebschwitz , Lietzsch , Niebra , Pösneck and Taubenpreskel, as well as the neighboring municipalities Hilbersdorf , Loitzsch , Rückersdorf , Thonhausen and Grobsdorf . In addition, the municipality of Bocka near Altenburg and Kauritz near Gößnitz as well as the Frohnsdorf corridor of the municipality of Ziegelheim and parts of the municipality and corridors of Obergrünberg were incorporated into the state. Near Greiz came the Stelzen corridor (part of the Reuth municipality ), part of the municipality and Noßwitz corridor, the Sachswitz corridor (part of the Elsterberg municipality ) and partly the Cunsdorf corridor (part of the Reichenbach municipality ).

In exchange, some exclaves of the former Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg came to Saxony , namely the community of Rußdorf near Limbach-Oberfrohna , the communities of Neukirchen , Wickersdorf and Harthau near Waldenburg , but also the communities of Untergötzenthal and Waldsachsen near Meerane and part of the community of Ponitz who have favourited Hallway Gosel . Near Plauen , among other things, the Caselwitz corridor , part of the Greiz municipality, the Görschnitz municipality and corridor, and part of the Schönbach municipality and corridor were assigned to the Free State of Saxony.

district Administrative headquarters Inhabitants
1925
Inhabitants
1939
Municipalities
1939
Altenburg district Altenburg 042,570 044,338 001
Altenburg district Altenburg 095,547 090.207 174
City district of Apolda Apolda 025,703 027,936 001
City district of Arnstadt Arnstadt 021,693 022,619 001
Arnstadt district Arnstadt 088.292 091,741 096
City of Eisenach Eisenach 043,385 050,464 001
Eisenach district Eisenach 096,525 106,875 157
City district of Gera Gera 081,402 081,931 001
District of Gera Gera 088,345 095,301 213
City district of Gotha Gotha 045,780 051,995 001
District of Gotha Gotha 104.178 111.101 103
City district of Greiz Greiz 037,490 038,933 001
District of Greiz Greiz 050,802 052,399 084
Hildburghausen district Hildburghausen 060,239 061,424 107
City district of Jena Jena 052,649 068,377 001
District of Meiningen Meiningen 084,750 0105,862 1 094
Rudolstadt district Rudolstadt 065,693 070.023 105
District of Saalfeld Saalfeld 073,664 080,773 116
Schleiz district Schleiz 048,482 048,484 097
Sondershausen district Sondershausen 072.164 071,918 071
Sonneberg district Sonneberg 079,896 081,752 060
District Stadtroda 2 Stadtroda 0 086,869 3 089,846 239
Weimar district Weimar 045,957 061,731 001
Weimar district Weimar 102,802 107,819 207
Zella-Mehlis district Zella Mehlis 014,423 0- 1 0- 1
Thuringia Weimar 1,609,3000. 1,743,6240. 1.9320.
1 The urban district of Zella-Mehlis was incorporated into the district of Meiningen in 1936.
2 The district of Stadtroda was initially formed as the district of Jena-Roda in October 1920, renamed the district of Roda in November 1920 and finally in 1925 as the district of Stadtroda .
3 The population includes the area of ​​the district of Stadtroda including the Camburg district department, which was incorporated into the district of Stadtroda in 1939 (1925: 9,771 inhabitants).

Prussian part of the country

Most of the rest of today's Thuringia was made up of the Erfurt administrative region, which had belonged to the Prussian province of Saxony since 1815. It comprised three urban and eight rural districts. In 1944 the administrative district of Erfurt with the district of Herrschaft Schmalkalden, previously the administrative district of Kassel, was subordinated to the Reich Governor of Thuringia.

district Administrative headquarters Inhabitants
1925
Inhabitants
1939
Municipalities
1939
Administrative district of Erfurt
City district of Erfurt Erfurt 135,579 159.201 01
District of Erfurt Erfurt 029,071 0- 1 0- 1
County of Hohenstein Nordhausen 051,679 0 067,740 2 84
District of Heiligenstadt Heiligenstadt 045,719 048.175 67
Langensalza district Bad Langensalza 039,632 040,073 41
Mühlhausen district Mulhouse 036,755 041,493 01
Mühlhausen district Mulhouse 040,511 042,169 43
Nordhausen district Nordhausen 035,056 040,673 01
Schleusingen district Schleusingen / Suhl 3 058,833 064,711 53
Weissensee district Weissensee 029,856 0 063,968 1 68
District of Worbis Worbis 048,120 046,978 49
District of Ziegenrück Ranis 019,457 021,414 38
Kassel administrative district
District rule Schmalkalden 4 Schmalkalden 048,694 051,666 36
Hildesheim administrative district
District of Ilfeld Ilfeld 017.141 0- 2nd 0- 2nd
Merseburg administrative district
Eckartsberga district Koelleda 042,182 043,428 75
Sangerhausen district Sangerhausen 075.192 074,295 71
Prussian parts of the country ( Erfurt ) 734.020 805.984 6280
1) The district of Erfurt was incorporated into the district of Weißensee in 1932.
2) The district of Ilfeld was divided between the districts of Grafschaft Hohenstein and Wernigerode in 1932.
3) The district office was relocated from Schleusingen to Suhl in 1929.
4) The district of Herrschaft Schmalkalden belonged to the administrative district of Erfurt from 1944

1945 to 1952

After 1945 there were some border changes between the zones of occupation . As part of the Wanfrieder Agreement , an exchange of territory on the important north-south railway line Göttingen – Bebra, the Hessian villages Sickenberg , Asbach , Vatterode and Weidenbach / Hennigerode came to the district of Heiligenstadt and the Thuringian villages of Neuseesen and Werleshausen to the district of Witzenhausen in Hesse . As an exchange for the eastern part of the Blankenburg district in the Harz, the municipalities of Bad Sachsa and Tettenborn from the former administrative district of Erfurt were incorporated into the Osterode am Harz district ( Lower Saxony ). In addition, were broom Hausen at Kirchgandern in the district Goettingen incorporated (Lower Saxony) and the exclave Ostheim assigned to the Free State of Bavaria.

The border corrections by the occupying powers were never clarified under national law between the state governments involved. Since then, there has been a de facto state of administrative integration of the areas concerned into the respective countries.

Incidentally, the enlarged state of Thuringia was formed in 1945 within the Soviet occupation zone, consisting of the state of Thuringia from 1920, but without the Allstedt exclave of the district of Weimar, which was incorporated into the new state of Saxony-Anhalt , and also from the area of ​​the former Prussian administrative district Erfurt including the district of Herrschaft Schmalkalden. In addition, as part of a reorganization on July 1, 1950, parts of the districts of Eisenach (in the west) and Meiningen (in the east) became the district of Bad Salzungen .

From 1952 to 1990

In 1952 the state of Thuringia was dissolved. The three districts of Erfurt , Gera and Suhl were formed. The urban and rural districts have been redistributed. The number of urban districts was reduced from twelve to four, while the number of rural districts was increased from 23 to 35. The district of Altenburg and the district of Schmölln came to the district of Leipzig and the new district of Artern , consisting of areas of the state of Thuringia and the state of Saxony-Anhalt , to the district of Halle .

Border adjustments were made in which individual cities and municipalities were incorporated into neighboring districts, which also shifted the district boundaries compared to the former state borders.

district Administrative headquarters Area
(1985)

1955 residents
Residents
1985
District of Erfurt
Apolda district Apolda 243 058,300 049,236
Arnstadt district Arnstadt 502 071,000 066,581
Eisenach district Eisenach 708 123,500 115,642
City of Erfurt Erfurt 106 188,100 216.046
District of Erfurt-Land Erfurt 535 060,700 047,573
Gotha district Gotha 768 161,700 144,561
Heiligenstadt district Heiligenstadt 385 045,600 043.009
Langensalza district Bad Langensalza 507 054,700 046,355
Mühlhausen district Mulhouse 574 104,000 092.193
Nordhausen district Nordhausen 714 117,800 109,758
Sömmerda district Sömmerda 556 069,900 066,812
Sondershausen district Sondershausen 598 061,400 054,491
City of Weimar Weimar 051 066,700 063,373
Weimar-Land district Weimar 543 049,300 044,823
Worbis district Worbis 558 070,100 075.093
Gera district
Eisenberg district Eisenberg 242 038,700 034,056
City of Gera Gera 078 098,000 131,843
Gera-Land district Gera 470 074,700 059,419
Greiz district Greiz 228 069,500 057,304
City of Jena Jena 059 083,100 107.401
Jena-Land district Jena 367 041,200 034,736
Lobenstein district Praise stone 356 030,300 028,544
Pößneck district Poessneck 411 063,400 054,031
Rudolstadt district Rudolstadt 469 068,100 069,421
Saalfeld district Saalfeld 337 059,500 058,817
Schleiz district Schleiz 455 039,400 032,341
Stadtroda district Stadtroda 272 029,400 033,962
Zeulenroda district Zeulenroda 263 045,300 039,445
District of Suhl
Bad Salzungen district bad Salzungen 622 086,000 089,755
Hildburghausen district Hildburghausen 697 063,700 059,471
District of Ilmenau Ilmenau 347 068,300 069,099
Meiningen district Meiningen 705 072,900 069,745
Neuhaus district Neuhaus am Rennweg 321 043,600 037,470
Schmalkalden district Schmalkalden 406 067,900 064,929
Sonneberg district Sonneberg 306 066,400 059,736
City of Suhl Suhl 066 0- 1 054,392
District of Suhl-Land Zella Mehlis 387 0 079,800 1 045.001
Leipzig district
Altenburg district Altenburg 345 118,600 107.274
District of Schmölln Schmoelln 224 043,900 032,351
Halle district
Artern district Artern 473 065,100 055,450
total 16,24700. 2,819,0000. 2,721,5370.
1) The city of Suhl was spun off from the Suhl district in 1968 and became an independent city.

From 1990 to 1994

Formation of the State of Thuringia in 1990

In 1990 the Free State of Thuringia was formed from the three districts of Erfurt , Gera and Suhl as well as the districts of Altenburg and Schmölln of the district of Leipzig and the district of Artern of the district of Halle . Due to the former district boundaries, the new land was approximately 600 km² larger than it was in 1952. The districts of the former GDR existed until 1994.

The former Saxon communities listed below, which were assigned to the Gera district in 1952, came to the then Plauen district of the Free State of Saxony in 1992 following a referendum in accordance with a state treaty of Thuringia: The municipalities of Stadt Elsterberg with Noßwitz and Görschnitz from the district of Greiz, the communities of Langenbach, City of Mühltroff and Thierbach from the Schleiz district and the communities of Ebersgrün, Pausa / Vogtl., Ranspach and Unterreichenau from the Zeulenroda district. In 1994 the municipality of Cunsdorf (district of Greiz) followed, which was previously part of Schönbach .

Local reforms reduced the number of municipalities in Thuringia from 1708 at the end of 1991 to 992 in 2006.

From 1994 to 2009


District reform in Thuringia 1994 Colored areas: old districts, license plates in black letters
Black borders: new districts, vehicle license plates in red letters

Since the district reform of July 1, 1994, Thuringia has consisted of 17 districts and five independent cities. On January 1st, 1998 Eisenach was added as the sixth independent city. The number of communities has been decreasing almost every year since 1994, as the state government supports voluntary community associations.

district Administrative headquarters Area
(2005)

1994 residents
Residents
Sept. 30, 2006
Municipalities
1994
Municipalities
2008
District Altenburger Land A Altenburg 0.569 121,559 105.131 050 42
Eichsfeld district Heiligenstadt 0.940 117,790 109,327 101 90
City of Eisenach 1 Eisenach 0.104 046.008 043,761 - 01
City of Erfurt Erfurt 0.269 213,472 202.352 001 01
City of Gera Gera 0.152 126.035 103.226 001 01
District of Gotha Gotha 0.936 148,437 142,833 074 63
District of Greiz Greiz 0.843 127,861 115.025 079 62
Hildburghausen district Hildburghausen 0.937 075,478 070,428 051 43
Ilm district Arnstadt 0.843 123.834 116.015 050 44
City of Jena Jena 0.114 102.204 102.005 001 01
Kyffhäuserkreis Sondershausen 1,035 098,785 087,491 074 50
Nordhausen district Nordhausen 0.711 102.405 092,899 055 33
Saale-Holzland district B Eisenberg 0.817 091,793 090.058 103 95
Saale-Orla district Schleiz 1,148 102,875 092,403 116 76
District of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt C Saalfeld 1,035 140.112 124.008 093 41
Schmalkalden-Meiningen district Meiningen 1,210 147.860 136.261 083 67
Sömmerda district Sömmerda 0.804 082,667 076,364 055 55
Sonneberg district Sonneberg 0.433 071,454 063,337 019th 16
City of Suhl Suhl 0.103 054,379 042,131 001 01
Unstrut-Hainich district Mulhouse 0.975 122,713 113.019 062 47
Wartburg district Bad Salzungen 2 1,305 0149,472 3 137.118 082 62
City of Weimar Weimar 0.084 062,233 064,532 001 01
District Weimarer Land D. Apolda 0.803 088,350 087,464 089 76
1 Eisenach has been an independent city since January 1st, 1998.
2 The sole district seat was relocated to Bad Salzungen on January 1, 1998. Before that, Bad Salzungen and Eisenach were district towns.
3 Eisenach's population is not taken into account here.
A Until August 10, 1994, the district of Altenburger was called the district of Altenburg.
B Up until September 28, 1994, the Saale-Holzland district was called Holzlandkreis.
C Until September 28, 1994 the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt was called Schwarza-Kreis.
D Until November 4, 1994, the district of Weimarer Land was called the district of Weimar-Land.

Since 2009

For the legislative period 2009–2014, the parties Die Linke and SPD planned extensive district area reforms. In the black-red coalition of CDU and SPD, changes in the administrative structure of Thuringia should continue to take place, albeit to a lesser extent at the level of the municipalities. The coalition agreement did not provide for concrete plans for a district reform.

The coalition agreement concluded between the CDU and the SPD after the state elections in 2009 provided for a medium to long-term functional and territorial reform (with a possible district reform) to be examined by a commission of experts, which, however, was not to be passed in the legislature until 2014. In January 2013, the commission presented a proposal that provides for the reduction from 17 to 8 districts and the retention of only Erfurt and Jenas as independent cities, whereby the layout of the districts is based on the already existing planning regions and these are each divided into two districts . A minimum circle size of 150,000 inhabitants was assumed, which should not be undercut in 2050 either. The Schmalkalden-Meiningen district is to be the only district to be split into two successor districts in the model. Another commission, consisting of six cabinet members from the state government, should examine the proposals of the expert commission and determine how to proceed. The discussion also called for historical references to be taken into account in the future district structure.

In the new coalition agreement 2014 between the three parties Die Linke, SPD and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen there is the following formulation: “The administrative, functional and territorial reform should be pushed forward in such a way that it can take effect no later than the upcoming district and municipal council elections . "

The concept for the functional and territorial reform was presented on September 22, 2015 and approved on December 22. A size of 130,000 to a maximum of 230,000 inhabitants for future districts was announced. An area of ​​3,000 square kilometers should not be exceeded in mergers. The districts should be merged as a whole and only broken up in exceptional cases. District-free cities were considered sustainable if they had a population of 100,000. Only Erfurt and Jena achieved this . The basis was the population forecast for the year 2035. On June 23, 2016, the preliminary law was passed by the state parliament. Exceptions should be possible in particularly poorly populated areas.

By April 2017, four proposals for the reorganization of districts had been presented, all of which provided for the formation of eight districts and were based on the provisions of the preliminary law.

In November 2017, the coalition committee declared the merger of counties to be no longer feasible. Instead, the districts should cooperate more closely.

The number of municipalities was reduced by 185 from 849 in 2013 to 664 in 2019 (−21.8%) through voluntary mergers within the framework of two restructuring laws. At the same time, the number of administrative communities decreased by 22 from 69 in 2013 to 47 in 2019 (−31.9%).

List of independent cities

  1. Altenburg (1900 to 1950)
  2. Apolda (1922 to 1950)
  3. Arnstadt (1912 to 1950)
  4. Coburg (1858 to 1920, then in Bavaria)
  5. Eisenach (1922 to 1950; since 1998)
  6. Erfurt (1816 to 1818; since 1872)
  7. Gera (since 1922)
  8. Gotha (1858 to 1950)
  9. Greiz (1922 to 1950)
  10. Jena (since 1922)
  11. Königsberg in Franconia (1858 to 1920, then in Bavaria)
  12. Meiningen (until 1868)
  13. Mühlhausen (1892 to 1950)
  14. Neustadt (1858 to 1920, then in Bavaria)
  15. Nordhausen (1882 to 1950)
  16. Ohrdruf (1858 to 1922)
  17. Rodach (1858 to 1920, then in Bavaria)
  18. Rudolstadt (1893 to 1922)
  19. Sondershausen (1912 to 1922)
  20. Suhl (since 1968)
  21. Waltershausen (1858 to 1922)
  22. Weimar (since 1922)
  23. Zella-Mehlis (1920 to 1922, 1926 to 1936)

List of district towns

  1. Altenburg
  2. Apolda (1868 to 1922 and since 1952)
  3. Arnstadt (until 1912 and since 1922)
  4. Artern (1952 to 1994)
  5. Bad Frankenhausen (until 1922)
  6. Bad Langensalza (1956 to 1994, previously Langensalza )
  7. Bad Salzungen (since 1952, see also Salzungen )
  8. Camburg (1829 to 1868 and 1922 to 1939)
  9. Coburg (until 1920, then in Bavaria)
  10. Dermbach , Kreishauptort (1850 to 1922)
  11. Ebeleben (1850 to 1882 and 1897 to 1912)
  12. Ebersdorf (until 1824 and 1852 to 1880)
  13. Eisenach (1815 to 1997)
  14. Eisenberg (since 1952)
  15. Eisfeld (1829 to 1868)
  16. Erfurt (1816 to 1932 and 1952 to 1994)
  17. Gehren (1850 to 1922)
  18. Gera (until 1994)
  19. Gotha
  20. Gräfenthal (1829 to 1868)
  21. Greiz
  22. Greußen (1850 to 1858)
  23. Heiligenstadt (since 1816)
  24. Heldburg (1829 to 1842)
  25. Hildburghausen
  26. Ilfeld (1866 to 1932)
  27. Ilmenau (1952 to 1994)
  28. Jena (1952 to 1994)
  29. Kölleda (1824 to 1952)
  30. Königsee (1850 to 1922)
  31. Kranichfeld (1829 to 1867)
  32. Langensalza (1816 to 1956, then Bad Langensalza )
  33. Lobenstein (until 1848 and 1952 to 1994, now Bad Lobenstein )
  34. Meiningen (since 1826)
  35. Mühlhausen (since 1816)
  36. Neuhaus am Rennweg (1952 to 1994)
  37. Neustadt an der Orla (1815 to 1922)
  38. Nordhausen (since 1816)
  39. Ohrdruf (1858 to 1922)
  40. Pößneck (1952 to 1994)
  41. Ranis (1816 to 1952)
  42. Roda (1876 to 1925, then Stadtroda )
  43. Römhild (1829 to 1868)
  44. Ronneburg (1900 to 1922)
  45. Rudolstadt (until 1858 and 1868 to 1994)
  46. Saalfeld
  47. Salzungen (1829 to 1868, see also Bad Salzungen )
  48. Schleiz (until 1871 and from 1880)
  49. Schleusingen (1816 to 1929)
  50. Schmalkalden (1866 to 1950 and 1952 to 1994)
  51. Schmölln (1876 to 1881 and 1952 to 1994)
  52. Sömmerda (since 1952)
  53. Sondershausen
  54. Sonneberg (since 1826)
  55. Stadtroda (1925 to 1994, previously Roda )
  56. Straussfurt (1816 to 1841)
  57. Suhl (1929 to 1968)
  58. Waltershausen (1858 to 1922)
  59. Wasungen (1829 to 1868)
  60. Weimar (1815 to 1994)
  61. Weißensee (1841 to 1952)
  62. Worbis (1816 to 1994)
  63. Zella-Mehlis (1968 to 1994)
  64. Zeulenroda (1952 to 1994)

literature

Bernhard Post, Volker Wahl (ed.): Thuringia manual. Territory, constitution, parliament, government and administration in Thuringia 1920 to 1995 (publications from Thuringian state archives; 1). Weimar 1999, ISBN 3-7400-0962-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernhard Post, Volker Wahl: Thuringia Handbook. Territory, constitution, parliament, government and administration in Thuringia 1920 to 1995. Böhlau, Weimar 1999, p. 218.
  2. Thomas Herntrich: Thuringia - From the Thuringian small states after the collapse of the Old Empire to the Free State of Thuringia. A consideration under international law and constitutional law. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2010, p. 242.
  3. ^ Bernhard Post, Volker Wahl: Thuringia Handbook. Territory, constitution, parliament, government and administration in Thuringia 1920 to 1995. Böhlau, Weimar 1999, p. 31.
  4. Map with the exchange areas
  5. Bernhard Post, Volker Wahl (Ed.): Thuringia Handbook. Territory, constitution, parliament, government and administration in Thuringia 1920 to 1995 (= publications from Thuringian state archives; 1). Weimar 1999, ISBN 3-7400-0962-4 , p. 462.
  6. http://www.pds-fraktion-thueringen.de/presse/pm2009/pm141009c.html
  7. http://l4.spd-thl.de/dokumente/dok/20050919-grundsaetze-verwaltungsreform-thueringen.pdf
  8. http://www.mdr.de/thueringen/6779394.html  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.mdr.de  
  9. ↑ Territorial reform in Thuringia remains a contentious issue ( memento of October 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  10. Thuringian territorial reform ( Memento of the original dated November 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 5, 2013  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mdr.de
  11. ^ Government sets up new commission for administrative reform , accessed on February 5, 2013
  12. Steffen Raßloff : District reform Thuringia 2018. Reshaped "Land of Residences". In: Thüringer Allgemeine from October 22, 2016
  13. ^ Coalition agreement for the 6th electoral term of the Thuringian State Parliament ( Memento from April 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  14. Mission statement "Sustainable Thuringia from September 2015" , accessed on October 5, 2016
  15. ↑ preliminary law. (PDF) In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Free State of Thuringia. July 2, 2016, pp. 242–244 , accessed December 29, 2018 .
  16. thueringen.de , accessed on April 19, 2017
  17. Article of the Thüringer Allgemeine , accessed on November 30, 2017