Jena-Land district

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Basic data
Country of the GDR (1950–1952) Thuringia
District of the GDR (1952–1990) Gera
Federal state (1990–1994) Thuringia
Administrative headquarters Jena
surface 367 km² (1989)
Residents 33,679 (1989)
Population density 92 inhabitants / km² (1989)
License Plate N (1953–1990)
NG, NH, NI (1974–1990)
J (1991–1994)
Location of the Jena-Land district in the Gera district
GDR-District-Gera-Kreis-Jena.jpg

The Jena-Land district was a district in the Gera district of the GDR from 1952 to 1990 . Its predecessor from 1950 to 1952 was the district of Jena and from 1990 to 1994 it continued to exist as the district of Jena in Thuringia . The district seat was in Jena . The former district area today largely belongs to the Saale-Holzland district in Thuringia .

geography

Neighboring areas

The district of Jena-Land bordered clockwise in the northwest, beginning with the districts of Apolda , Naumburg , Eisenberg , Stadtroda , Pößneck , Rudolstadt and Weimar-Land as well as the urban district of Jena .

Natural space

The district area was roughly halved by the Saale Valley, the valley of the largest, most water-rich and water-economically most important river in Thuringia. The gravel-filled floodplain (near Dornburg at a height of 131 m) was covered by an alluvial clay cover. A wide, almost flat plateau averaging 400 m with poor soils, on which potatoes, oats and rye were grown, took up most of the area. Forest (pine and spruce) stood on about a third of the area. Loess soil , which was used for growing wheat and sugar beet, was widespread in the northeast . There were numerous nature reserves in the district. The Großer Gleisberg nature reserve comprised the largest area with 280 hectares.

history

During the first territorial reform in the GDR, the Jena district was re-formed on July 1, 1950 from parts of the Stadtroda and Weimar districts. The city of Jena remained independent. Another regional reform followed on July 25, 1952, in which the state of Thuringia and the district of Jena were dissolved. The district was divided into the new districts of Jena-Land, Eisenberg , Stadtroda ( Gera district ), Apolda , Weimar-Land ( Erfurt district ) and Naumburg ( Halle district ). The newly formed Jena-Land district thus consisted of the following 84 municipalities:

Altenberga, Altendorf, Altengönna, Bibra, Bucha, Camburg, Closewitz, Coppanz, Cospeda, Dienstädt, Döbritschen (Camburg), Dornburg, Dorndorf ad S., Drackendorf, Dürrengleina, Eichenberg, Frauenprießnitz, Freienorla, Geunitz, Golmsdorf, Göschwitz, Greuda, Großeutersdorf, Großkröbitz, Großlöbichau, Großpürschütz, Gumperda, Hainichen, Hirschroda, Hummelshain, Ilmnitz, Isserstedt, Jägersdorf, Jenalöbnitz, Jenaprießnitz, Kahla, Kleinbucha, Kleineutersdorf, Kleinkröbitz, Kleinprießra, Kleinpürschütz, Laehsten, Krippendorf, Löberschütz, Lützeroda, Maua, Münchenroda, Nerkewitz, Neuengönna, Oelknitz, Orlamünde, Oßmaritz, Reinstädt, Rodameuschel, Rödlas, Rödigen, Rothenstein, Röttelmisch, Schinditz, Schirnewitz, Schleuskau, Schöps, Schorba, Stiebrautitzenburg,, Seitenzaroda, Steudnitzenburg Tümpling, Vierzehnheiligen, Wichmar, Wilsdorf, Wogau, Würchhausen, Zimmer, Zimmritz, Zöllnitz, Zöthen, Zwabitz and Zweifelbach.

As a result of reclassifications across district boundaries and changes to the municipal area, the number of municipalities fell to 36 when the district was dissolved at the end of June 1994:

  • December 4, 1952 Reclassification of Drößnitz and Wittersroda from the Weimar district to the Jena district
  • July 1, 1962 incorporation of Ilmnitz into Drackendorf
  • February 17, 1965 Wogau incorporated into Jenaprießnitz
  • February 17, 1965 Incorporation of Laasan in Kunitz
  • February 17, 1965 Wittersroda was incorporated in Drößnitz
  • July 1st, 1968 Leutra incorporated into Maua
  • April 1, 1969 Göschwitz is incorporated into the Jena district
  • April 1, 1969 incorporation of Vierzehnheiligen in Krippendorf
  • February 1, 1974 Closewitz and Lützeroda are incorporated into Cospeda
  • April 1, 1992 Dürrengleina, Großkröbitz, Rodias and Zimmritz are incorporated into Milda
  • April 1, 1994 Reclassification of Drackendorf and Maua from the Jena district into the independent city of Jena
  • July 1, 1994 Reclassification of Cospeda, Isserstedt, Jenaprießnitz, Krippendorf, Kunitz and Münchenroda from the district of Jena to the independent city of Jena

On May 17, 1990, the district was renamed the Jena-Land district. To German reunification the circle was the ländereinführungsgesetz the re-established country Thuringia awarded county seat was Jena . During the Thuringian district reform on July 1, 1994, it went almost entirely to the Holzlandkreis , and on September 29, 1994 it was renamed Saale-Holzland-Kreis . The municipality Drößnitz, however, was incorporated into the Weimarer Land district.

Population development

Residents 1955 1960 1975 1989
Jena country 41,200 39,534 36,688 33,679

economy

Agriculture was of great importance within the district. A part of the state-owned Animal Breeding Estate Jena (fattening bull facility) and a department of the Institute for Breeding Research Quedlinburg took advantage of the favorable climatic conditions with their locations in Dornburg. The food industry was represented with a large mill in Camburg. There was also a furniture factory and a leather factory in this town. Economic life in Orlamünde was determined by the production cooperative of the electrical engineering trade and operational parts of the VEB Plastic Pößneck. The most important of all industrial companies in the district, however, was the VEB Porzellanwerke Kahla . This company, which was built between 1958 and 1963, was the center of the fine ceramic industry in the GDR.

traffic

The Dresden-Eisenach autobahn crossed the district in the north , Jena was connected to the long-distance network by the F 7 , and the F 88 crossed the district from north to south. The Saalbahn ran parallel to the Saale River and offered many beautiful impressions of Thuringia's largest river.

Population data of cities and municipalities

Population overview of all 48 municipalities in the district that came to the re-established state of Thuringia in 1990.

AGS local community Residents Area (ha)
10/03/1990 December 31, 1990
16025010 Altenberga 670 670 1,749
16025030 Bibra 280 280 439
16025040 Bucha 833 827 2,100
16025050 Camburg , city 3,050 3,052 994
16025070 Cospeda 488 487 890
16025090 Dornburg / Saale , city 1,092 1,082 1,040
16025100 Dorndorf-Steudnitz 1,894 1,894 701
16025110 Drackendorf 343 354 610
16025120 Drößnitz 198 206 820
16025130 Dürrengleina 80 79 265
16025140 Eichenberg 423 420 1,156
16025150 Frauenprießnitz 1,121 1,118 1,847
16025160 Outdoor orla 381 379 681
16025180 Golmsdorf 657 651 761
16025200 Grosseutersdorf 331 334 345
16025210 Großkröbitz 135 134 430
16025220 Großlöbichau 257 255 622
16025230 Großpürschütz 226 227 397
16025240 Gumperda 450 449 627
16025250 Hainichen 210 210 531
16025260 Hummelshain 808 807 1,757
16025270 Isserstedt 505 505 685
16025290 Jenalöbnitz 117 118 394
16025300 Jenaprießnitz 427 432 752
16025310 Kahla , city 8,744 8,686 797
16025320 Kleineutersdorf 416 414 561
16025330 Nativity Village 250 252 513
16025340 Kunitz 452 442 801
16025350 Lehesten 516 519 1,210
16025370 Lindig 301 302 456
16025380 Löberschütz 182 182 307
16025400 Maua 455 456 802
16025410 Milda 317 320 846
16025420 Munchenroda 163 164 507
16025430 Neuengönna 531 532 617
16025440 Orlamünde , city 1,458 1,448 758
16025450 Reinstädt 598 589 1,794
16025460 Rodias 45 45 239
16025480 Rothenstein 973 973 1,048
16025500 Schöps 299 303 435
16025510 Side rod 203 204 405
16025530 Sulza 263 256 396
16025540 Tautenburg 325 322 1,272
16025570 Wichmar 250 253 538
16025580 Rooms 223 227 591
16025590 Zimmerritz 116 119 429
16025600 Zollnitz 373 378 420
16025610 Zöthen 203 204 337
16025000 District of Jena 32,632 32,560 36,672

License Plate

Motor vehicles (with the exception of motorcycles) and trailers were assigned three-letter distinctive signs starting with the letter pairs NG , NH and NI from around 1974 to the end of 1990 . The last number plate series used for motorcycles was NZ 40-01 to NZ 55-00 .

In early 1991, the county and the county-level city of Jena received the distinguishing sign J . It was issued in the county until June 30, 1994.

literature

  • Christoph Wunnicke: The block parties as supporters of the SED. Examples from the city and the district of Jena . In: Gerbergasse 18 , issue 2/2016 (issue 79).

Web links

Commons : Kreis Jena-Land  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Statistical yearbooks of the German Democratic Republic. In: DigiZeitschriften. Retrieved October 6, 2009 .
  2. ↑ a b Diercke Lexicon Germany. German Democratic Republic and Berlin (East) . Georg Westermann Verlag GmbH, Braunschweig 1986, ISBN 3-07-508861-7 , p. 148 .
  3. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
  4. ↑ Law on the self-administration of municipalities and districts in the GDR (municipal constitution) of May 17, 1990
  5. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. jena.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics - information service
  7. ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 302 .
  8. ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 514 .