Child and Youth Aliyah
The Child and Youth Alijah ( Alijat Noar , from Hebrew Alija for ascent ) was a Jewish organization that tried to bring as many children and young people as possible from the German Reich to safety , especially to Palestine, during the time of National Socialism .
history
It was founded on January 30, 1933 in Berlin by Recha Freier , wife of a Berlin rabbi , and Eva Michaelis-Stern . The idea found support at the 18th Zionist Congress in Prague . Recha Freier headed the organization in Germany, Henrietta Szold in Jerusalem . At the request of Henrietta Szold, Eva Michaelis-Stern went to London in 1938, where she opened a youth aliyah office and managed it throughout the Second World War.
Henrietta Szold's closest collaborator was the Thuringian banker Hans Beyth , who took over the management after her death in 1945 and was shot dead in December 1947 when he caught fire from Arab irregulars on a bus with children on the road from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem near Castel replied.
The youth aliyah received active support from Georg Landauer , the manager of the Jerusalem office of the Central Bureau for the Settlement of German Jews, the so-called German department of the Jewish Agency for Palestine . Many members of the Jewish youth association Chug Chaluzi under their leader Jizchak Schwersenz were able to flee Berlin through the children and youth aliyah. Around 21,000 children and young people were saved.
One of the prominent supporters of the youth alijah was Hannah Arendt , who worked for the organization in her exile in Paris.
According to the organization, more than 350,000 children and young people from over 80 countries have been cared for to date.
See also
literature
- Eva Michaelis-Stern: Memories of the beginnings of the youth aliyah in Germany, in Bulletin of the Leo Baeck Institute , 70, 1985, pp. 55-66
- Gabriele Goettle : What is money ?! Lutz Kann, a Jewish remigrant tells us. In: Die tageszeitung , July 29, 2013, p. 16 f.
- Gudrun Maierhof, Chana Schütz, Simon Hermann (eds.): Children became letters. The rescue of Jewish children from Nazi Germany. Metropol, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-936411-86-7 (With register of names of the emigrants mentioned or interviewed in this book).
Movie
- “It was a different life.” With the children and youth aliyah to Palestine. Directed by Hans Jan Puchstein, camera Katinka Zeuner, sound and music by Simon Theisen. Filmarche , Berlin 2008 (Contains: historical recordings; current interviews with residents from Germany and Austria who fled as children at the end of the 1930s; their life in Kibbutz Ma'agan Micha'el today; comments on clients' activities), b / w 41 min., DVD German with English UT, without EAN
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Jewish Women's Archive: Eva Michaelis Stern 1904 - 1992
- ^ In Memoriam Hans Beyth , in: Aufbau , Vol. 14, 1948, No. 4 (January 23, 1948), p. 11, column a
- ↑ In her legendary ZDF interview with Günter Gaus on September 16, 1964, Arendt gave a detailed account of her work for the organization and expressly praised the outstanding role of Freier and Szold in setting up the aid organization. S. Dalkowski: Gaus and Arendt - the most unlikely Youtube hit: RP Online, December 30, 2017 Link
- ^ Sister of Günther Stern (= Günther Anders ), sister-in-law of Hannah Arendts