Dialects in Eichsfeld
The dialects or dialects in Eichsfeld are assigned to two large language groups, Low German in northern and Central German in central and southern Eichsfeld. The language border runs from the lower Werra along a small mountain range over the Rohrberg along the Thuringian - Lower Saxon state border, over the Rotenberg and Zehnsberg , the northern edge of the Ohm Mountains , along the Elbe-Weser watershed at the Eichsfeld threshold to the Upper Harz . At the same time it represents the border between the higher-lying upper field and the lower-lying lower field. The cause lies in the different settlement of the area by Saxon (lower field), Thuringian (upper field) population groups along this mountain range and in the expiry of the sound shift on the Benrath line .
While the Benrather line does not represent an absolutely rigid border between the Lower and Central German dialect areas, in the Eichsfeld there is a strong bundling of different isoglosses . The dialect border forms a stronger language divide here than in western and eastern Germany, as well as at the Rennsteig barrier between Middle and Upper German.
The territorial, cultural and religious unity during the Kurmainzer period up to 1802 did not lead to the dissolution of this old tribal language boundary. However, within the Eichsfeld there was an influence and the penetration of elements of the respective neighboring dialects into the own language area. Since the middle of the 20th century, however, as a result of industrial development and the increase in traffic, there has been a decline in the use of the respective dialect.
Examples of lower and upper field words:
| Lower field table | Standard German | Upper field table |
|---|---|---|
| snake | tell | storjen |
| sejn | say | sa (n) |
| Tit | time | Ziet |
| eten | eat | ate |
| Derp | Village | Derf |
| Perd | horse | Fard |
| wit | White | know |
| use | our | our |
| Schinneleich | naughty girl | Schingeleich |
Obereichsfelder dialect
In the upper area, the (Upper) Eichsfeldisch Platt is spoken, a variant of Northern Thuringian influenced by Low German . The linguistic area is traversed by several linguistic lines and roughly divides the Eichsfeldisch into a Mitteleichsfeldisch (in the Leine and Wippertal) and a Westhöhen- and Osthöheneichsfeldisch (in the Südeichsfeld). In every region and from village to village there is a slight variation within the dialect. Immediately south of the Eichsfeld begins the dialect area of Central Thuringian ( east of Hainich ) and West Thuringian (west of Hainich).
Word examples in the fields of flat: Wisse (r) / Hellblonder, Frejate / go on a bridal lookout, Uch / you, Schi (ü) nne / barn, dung / dung heap, nuewe / new, en genamije / have a drink, spelle gahn / go talk, clink / go to shops, but don't buy anything, Bonn soup / bean soup, hawk / howl, Kallder / cellar
Examples of the influence of Low German are: nit / not, mant / nur, mang / between, Pott / Topf, Kiepe / carrier bag, Osse / Ochse, wassen / wax, Siden / Seite.
Dialect of the Lower Fields
In the Untreichsfeld an East Westphalian dialect is spoken, in its southernmost form it is called Göttingisch-Grubenhagensch . Here again there are influences from Westphalian and Central German. This dialect is divided into Einbeckisch , Westharzisch and Göttingisch - Niedereichsfeldisch . Due to the geographical isolation in southern Lower Saxony and the confessional island location in the Golden Mark , a relic area has developed within the East Westphalian linguistic landscape.
Word examples of the lower field are: Do (e) rp / village, läpsch / running, Winge / (field) winde, hanging / hands, Fütze / puddle, ma (ö) ken / making, teib / deep, dat / das, afplücken / Pick, distribute / give notice, dim / dusky, wost / sausage, grandchildren / ankles.
Dialect example
The following is a dialect example for the children's martinis singing on Martinsabend in Obereichsfeld and Untereichsfeld:
| Upper field table | Lower field table |
|---|---|
| Märtensowend äs diss Owend, dissolve Owend äs Märtenowend. Märten is a brewer man, because Eppel can bring you berries. Cut off the goose's leg, cut it off so clean that it can still go. I stand on stone, I freeze on my legs. Loot me not so long, because I have to go smarter. |
Hats and is Märtnabnd, Märten is a gaut man who can do well. Äppel and Bern are roughed up, hardships at ek more Himmelriek is uppedan, Sölt wi all ningahn and our guests The love god is the best. Ek stah up kalen stones, Mek breakfasts on my legs, Lat mek nich sau long stahn, toll still n betchen wieher gahn. |
| after Martin Weinrich (Uder): D 'Märtensgans in: Wänn's mant wohr äs? Publisher Cordier Heiligenstadt 1924 |
after Karl Wüstefeld (Duderstadt): The martinis singing in the Goldenen Mark In: Unser Eichsfeld 1906, page 170 |
Hundeshagener Kochum
A special feature within the linguistic landscape of the Eichsfeld is the so-called Kochum . It is a Rotwelsch dialect that was only spoken by the hiking musicians from Hundeshagen . The special language was created as a local offshoot of the Rotwelschen for those parts of the population who had to earn their living with the traveling trade .
literature
- Wolfgang Koschy: The Hundeshagener Kochum in Sprachdienst 1997, issue 3, pages 115-116.
- Franz Konradi: On the Eichsfeld dialect in Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift, vol. 58, issue 5, pages 165–166.
- Hentrich, Konrad: Dictionary of the north-west Thuringian dialect of Eichsfeld , Göttingen 1912.
- Hentrich, Konrad: Dialect geography of the Thuringian Eichsfeld and its neighboring areas , ZfdMa. 1920 and Mecke Verlag Duderstadt.
- Möhn, Dieter: The structure of the Low German-Central German language border between Siegerland and Eichsfeld: Investigations into the German language atlas , Elvert Marburg 1962.
- Schütze, Monika: Dialect geography of the golden mark of the Eichsfeld , Halle 1953.
- Josef Gottlieb: The Low German dialect in the lower area. Verlag Mecke Duderstadt 1996.
- Franz Waldhelm: Development and importance of the language border in the Eichsfeld. in: Eichsfelder Heimathefte. 20th year, issue 3/4, pages 270-274
- Franz Waldhelm: Boundaries: Tribal and language boundaries in the Eichsfeld. Hanover 1993
- Franz Boegehold: The Eichsfeld from a tribal perspective. in Goldene Mark - 4 (1953), Verlag Mecke Duderstadt, October pp. 1-6
- Christoph Lerch: How the Unterereichsfeld became Saxon. In: Eichsfelder Heimatstimmen. 1971, issue 3 to 5, p. 106 ff.
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Spangenberg: Low German word in Thuringia (with 12 cards) in "Low German word. Small contributions to the Low German dialect and onomatology “Volume 6, Issue 1/2 1966, pages 1–27, Verlag Aschendorff Münster
- ↑ Schütze, Monika: Dialect Geography of the Golden Mark of Eichsfeld , Halle 1953
- ↑ Heinz Rosenkranz: Low German in sound and form of Thuringian (with 8 cards) in "Low German Word. Small contributions to Low German dialect and onomatology “'Volume 6, Issue 1/2 1966, pages 28–55, Verlag Aschendorff Münster
- ↑ Katharina Ochsenfahrt: The dialect of the Eichsfeld today. Student thesis FSU Jena, GRIN Verlag Munich 2010
- ↑ Dieter Stellmacher: Demarcation of New Low German and its dialect-geographic internal structure, pages 239–244 in "Handbook on Low German Linguistics and Literature Studies", Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin 1983
- ↑ Ulrich Scheuermann: Aspects of a language history of Ostfälischen page 2663–2673 in volume 3 "Language history. A handbook of the German language and its exploration “Walter de Gruyter Berlin 2003
- ↑ Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon: Deutsche Mundarten page 33, 14th edition 1894-96 Leipzig, Berlin, Vienna
- ↑ Thorsten Weiland: The Hundeshagener Kochum. A Rotwelch dialect from hiking musicians from Eichsfeld. Verlag Schöningh Paderborn 2003
