Oberwälder Land

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oberwälder Land
Systematics according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Greater region 1st order Low mountain range threshold
Greater region 2nd order Lower Saxony-Hessian mountainous region
Greater region 3rd order Lower Saxony highlands
Main unit group 36 →
Upper Weserbergland
4th order region
(main unit)		 361 →
Oberwälder Land
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 43 '0 "  N , 9 ° 11' 0"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 43 '0 "  N , 9 ° 11' 0"  E
Oberwälder Land (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Oberwälder Land
Location Oberwälder Land
state North Rhine-Westphalia , Hessen , Lower Saxony
Country Germany

The Oberwälder Land is a natural spatial unit in the far east of North Rhine-Westphalia , to a small extent also in Hesse and Lower Saxony . It comprises of the Nethe and its tributaries strong zertalte limestone - Bergland between Eggegebirge in the West, Lipper Bergland in the north, Holzminden Weser valley to the east, West Hessian valley in the southeast and Warburg Borde in the south. The natural area is part of the upper Weserbergland and thus the German low mountain range threshold . The landscape is also known as the Brakeler Muschelkalkschwelle or Brakeler Kalkgebiet , after its central town of Brakel .

geography

location

The Oberwälder Land lies west of the Oberweser and east of the Eggegebirge - around the town of Brakel, which is located in the west of the natural area at the confluence of the Brucht with the Nethe . Its southeastern foothills - including the Hofgeismar City Forest  , which is located directly northwest of Hofgeismar - lie northwest of the Obermeiser, which is located on the warmth . From there in a northerly direction, the Esse and Diemel valleys, past Trendelburg and the Weser valley past Beverungen , Höxter and Holzminden down to Polle, which is located on this river, form the eastern boundary of the natural area. From there the northern border runs past Bödexen and Vörden an der Brucht to Nieheim an der Röthe, east of the Egge Mountains . This is where the western border, east of Bad Driburg , connects with the villages of Pömbsen with the Röthe spring area , Herste an der Aa , Dringenberg an der Öse , Willebadessen an der Nethe, Bonenburg an der Naure and the headwaters of the Eggel tributary, Eder and Engar an Eder . The southern boundary leads from there past Niesen an der Nethe, Borgholz at the Bever source river Jordan , Manrode and Liebenau an der Diemel to Oberlistingen and finally to the starting point Obermeiser.

Natural structure

The Oberwälder Land natural area was first created in 1957 in the 4th / 5th Delivery of the manual of the natural structure of Germany described by Sofie Meisel. In addition to the Muschelkalk region around Brakel , Meisel also included the Borgentreich Keupermulde , which adjoins it to the south, around Borgentreich . When the same author published the first single sheet on the fine division 1: 200,000 , sheet 98 Detmold , in 1959, this hollow was found again as partial landscape 361.1, while the limestone landscapes were combined into unit 361.0. The Liebenauer Bergland , located on both sides of the Diemel near Liebenau , belonged not to the Oberwälder Land, but to the Warburger Börde to the south .

When the final mapping for the handbook came out in 1960, the Liebenauer Bergland with the Berverplatte on both sides of the Bever was included in the Oberwälder Land and the Borgentreicher Mulde (natural area Große Börde ) was included in the Warburger Börde, as is the case with the usual labeling of the Warburger Börde on maps , roughly corresponds to the geological map 1: 300,000 Hessen. And that was followed by the following sheets 99 Göttingen and 111 Arolsen (both 1963) and 112 Kassel (1969). The numbering on the Detmold sheet differs accordingly and must be viewed as obsolete.

The following sub-units are distinguished according to the current status:

mountains

The mountains of the Oberwälder Land include - sorted by height in meters (m) above sea level and with natural area numbers in "()":

Natural features

The low erosion base of the Weser Valley in the east results in a very steep gradient in the watercourses of the Oberwälder Land, which could therefore dig deep into the soft limestone. There are numerous box-shaped valleys , which are oriented towards the flat Nethemulde around Brakel in the west and directly towards the Weser in the east and are approximately 150  m above sea level. The richly structured elevations reach a height of up to 350  m and sometimes fall in steep steps. Depending on the subsoil, there are mainly alkaline or calcareous soils .

climate

The climate is Atlantic , but the individual mesoclimates differ significantly depending on the altitude. The average annual rainfall is 750 to 900 mm. The predominant natural forest community is the red beech forest in various varieties.

Human use

Most of the landscape is dominated by arable farming, grassland is mainly found in the wetter, broad valley floors, while timber management mainly plays a role in the higher altitudes.

History and political division

The name comes from the time of the Principality of Paderborn , in which an Oberwald district existed as an administrative unit. "Oberwaldisch" means, above or on the other side of the Egge Mountains (seen from the city of Paderborn and in contrast to the Unterwald district ). The Oberwälder Land is mainly located in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Höxter in the Hochstift Paderborn region . The urban area of ​​the centrally located Brakel as well as Nieheim , Beverungen , Höxter and Willebadessen with a significant proportion of the area belong to the natural area. The latter also applies to Liebenau in Hesse and to a lesser extent to Polle in Lower Saxony.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Horst-D. Krus: The “Brakeler Muschelkalkschwelle” , on egge-weser-digital.de
  2. ↑ Geological Map of Hesse (RTC 300) , Hessian Agency for Environment and Geology (PDF; 28 KB)
  3. ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (editor): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  4. ^ Sofie Meisel: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 98 Detmold. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. →  Online map (PDF; 5.4 MB)
  5. ^ Jürgen Hövermann: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 99 Göttingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. →  Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
  6. ↑ Martin Bürgener: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 111 Arolsen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. →  Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
  7. ^ Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 112 Kassel. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. →  Online map (PDF; 6.9 MB)
  8. ↑ Sheet 98 Detmold called the northern part on both sides of the Bever (361.02) "Beverplatten" and the southern part on both sides of the Diemel around Liebenau ( here 360.3) "Liebenauer Bergland"; the interface between the two (roughly from Manrode to the northeast to just northwest of Deisel ) would be just on the Göttingen sheet. The sheets Arolsen, Göttingen and Kassel summarize both landscapes and call them “Beverplatten” (sheet Göttingen - the name is also used by the Environmental Atlas Hessen) or “Liebenauer Bergland” (sheets Arolsen and Kassel); Probably the most fitting name "Bever-Diemel-Kalkbergland" appears in brackets on the Arolsen and Kassel pages.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )

Web links