Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf
| HZDR Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf | |
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| Category: | Large research facility |
| Consist: | Date of establishment: 1992 |
| Membership: | Helmholtz Association |
| Facility location: | Dresden |
| Basic funding: | Budget: approx. 132 million euros (2018) |
| Management: |
Sebastian M. Schmidt (scientific) Ulrich Breuer (commercial) |
| Employee: | approx. 1,200 (2018) |
| Homepage: | hzdr.de |
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 49 ″ N , 13 ° 56 ′ 59 ″ E
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf ( HZDR ) is a scientific research center in the Dresden district of Rossendorf and has been a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers since January 1, 2011 . At the HZDR, research is carried out in three of the six research areas of the Helmholtz Association: energy, health and matter. The HZDR was founded as the Rossendorf Research Center in 1992. The HZDR has a total area of 186 hectares. It is located at the location of the Central Institute for Nuclear Physics (later: Central Institute for Nuclear Research) in Dresden-Rossendorf, which was founded in 1956.
research
The HZDR conducts basic and application-oriented research in the fields of energy, health and matter.
Research area energy
The scientists at the HZDR are looking for economical and environmentally friendly solutions for the energy supply of the future. You will work on new technologies for the exploration, extraction, use and recycling of strategically important metals and mineral raw materials. These include, for example, precise exploration processes for mining or biotechnological processes for the extraction and recycling of metals.
The researchers also deal with energy-intensive processes in industry, such as steel casting or processes in the chemical industry, in order to make them more efficient. The research also focuses on the safe operation of nuclear reactors and the transport behavior of radiotoxic, long-lived radionuclides in possible nuclear repositories .
Research area health
The HZDR aims to make progress in the early detection, diagnosis and therapy of cancer. It works closely with partners from university medicine. Cancer research at the HZDR deals with several topics: radioactive drugs for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, development of cancer immunotherapy , imaging methods in oncology, and particle acceleration with novel laser technologies for radiation therapy with protons. With the Center for Radiopharmaceutical Tumor Research , the Institute for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research will have its own research building at its main location in Dresden, which is due to be completed in 2017. At the research center in Leipzig, HZDR researchers are also working on the early detection of cancer-related cognitive defects with molecular probes.
Scientists from the HZDR Institute for Radiation Oncology at the Center for Radiation Research in Oncology - OncoRay, conduct research on the premises of the Dresden University Hospital . Among other things, real-time monitoring of proton therapy is being developed there. Since 2015, patients have been treated with this new radiation method at the University Proton Therapy Dresden (UPTD). The OncoRay Center is supported by the Dresden University Hospital , the Medical Faculty of the TU Dresden and the HZDR. Together with the Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology, it forms the “National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology”. Together with the German Cancer Research Center, the three OncoRay supporting institutions are building the Dresden partner location of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) . The Dresden institutions are also partners in the German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research.
Research area matter
Extreme conditions are created at the HZDR in order to investigate the behavior of materials under extraordinary circumstances. The results of this research provide important information for improving materials or developing completely new ones. Large scientific devices help to create extreme conditions such as very strong magnetic fields, particularly low temperatures or bombardment with laser or particle radiation.
At the HZDR, for example, scientists are researching new types of superconductors and semiconductor materials that enable particularly efficient energy generation and transmission or that could produce a new generation of data storage media. They also develop highly sensitive sensors for applications in medicine and technology. New particle acceleration technologies should also make research into the fundamental properties of all matter and the universe more efficient and cost-effective. For this purpose, new methods are being tested with modern high-power lasers, among other things, to accelerate particles to the highest energies.
Research facilities
In addition to the HZDR scientists, researchers from other institutions also use the measurement times of the large Rossendorf research facilities for their projects, including universities, partner centers in the Helmholtz Association and international guests.
ELBE
ELBE is a center for high-power radiation sources and the largest research facility at the HZDR. It is named after the ELBE electron accelerator.
Electron accelerator
SAME means an El ektronenbeschleuniger high B rillanz and low E mittanz. It is the core component for the entire system. It is a linear accelerator with, among other things, superconducting cavity resonators of the TESLA type.
Two free-electron lasers (FEL) for the middle and far infrared (wavelength 5–40 µm and 18–250 µm) are connected in the facility (FEL an ELBE, FELBE for short ). The ELBE electron beam can also be converted into various types of secondary beams. These include bremsstrahlung , terahertz radiation , high-brilliance X-rays, positrons, neutrons and electrons.
DRACO
The high-power laser DRACO , a titanium: sapphire laser , achieves a power of 1 PW using chirped pulse amplification (as of May 2017) and is used to accelerate protons and electrons to high energies using laser-plasma acceleration.
PEnELOPE
With PEnELOPE , another laser system with petawatt energies is being set up. It is a spa pulse laser source in the petawatt range pumped by means of diode lasers . In particular, it should enable the laser-assisted acceleration of protons for medical applications. The ultimate goal is to replace the large particle accelerators required today for proton beam cancer therapy with significantly more compact systems.
High field magnetic laboratory Dresden
The Dresden high-field magnet laboratory is right next to the ELBE so that combined experiments can be carried out. Particularly strong pulsed magnetic fields are generated here. Magnetic fields of up to 100 Tesla are to be made available here for materials research.
The coils, also developed on site, can generate fields of 95 Tesla for fractions of a second (as of May 2017). The coils are cooled to around –200 ° C with liquid nitrogen and a current of tens of thousands of amperes flows through them for a short time . A capacitor bank is used for this (picture). At the Dresden High Field Magnetic Laboratory, the fundamental, quantum mechanical properties of magnetism are also examined and new components such as high-temperature superconductors are developed.
HIBEF
The Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF) is currently being set up by the HZDR together with the German Electron Synchrotron at the European XFEL in Hamburg. Here the magnets developed in the high-field magnet laboratory are used together with the imaging flashes of light from the European XFEL in order to be able to investigate the behavior of matter under the influence of very large magnetic fields with unprecedented accuracy. Together with the possibility of generating exceptionally high temperatures and pressures, this creates a unique measuring station for researching matter under extreme conditions.
Ion beam center
The ion beam center offers the possibility of targeting samples with charged atoms of various light and heavy chemical elements. Different systems can accelerate the projectiles to different energies, whereby their effect on the sample can be controlled. Depending on the element and energy, these ion beams are suitable for examining or specifically changing samples. These systems are used primarily for the development of the smallest electronic components, layered semiconductor systems such as in solar cells or optical materials such as the transparent but conductive surfaces of modern screens.
ROBL
The Rossendorf Beamline ROBL at the European synchrotron radiation source ESRF in Grenoble (France) enables radiochemical research through extremely brilliant radiation.
Positron Emission Tomography
In the PET center , which is operated by the HZDR together with the Dresden University Hospital and the Dresden University of Technology , imaging methods for diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches for the therapy of cancer are developed and researched. HZDR, Uniklinikum and TU Dresden also jointly operate the "National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology - OncoRay".
TOPFLOW
The thermohydraulic test facility TOPFLOW (Transient Two Phase Flow Test Facility) enables the investigation of complex flow phenomena under realistic conditions, as they occur in nuclear reactors as well as in chemical and process engineering.
DRESDYN
With DRESDYN , a European platform for dynamo experiments and thermohydraulic studies with liquid sodium is being created. The aim is to build the world's first precession dynamo with which, for example, the creation of the earth's magnetic field can be simulated much more realistically than with previous propeller-driven dynamo experiments. In addition, the experiments should allow detailed insights into molten metal in order to develop new liquid metal batteries for energy storage or to research the safety of liquid metal-cooled nuclear reactors of the next generation.
Staff and budget
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf employs around 1,100 people, including 500 scientists including 150 doctoral students. The basic funding is provided 90 percent by the federal government and 10 percent by the Free State of Saxony. The total budget in 2016 was around EUR 131 million including investments, around EUR 21 million of which was third-party funding.
Technology transfer
The transfer of knowledge and research results to society and the economy is carried out at the HZDR through contract research, licensing and the joint use of devices and systems with cooperation partners. The company HZDR Innovation GmbH , founded in 2011, uses infrastructure and expertise at the HZDR for production and services in the field of ion implantation . With this technique, foreign atoms are introduced into material surfaces. Through this so-called doping, the behavior of semiconductor materials can be changed in a targeted manner. It is also used to create tailor-made surface properties such as the oxidation resistance of lightweight materials for the aerospace, automotive and energy industries or to improve the biocompatibility of medical implants.
Other spin-offs of the HZDR are, for example, Biconex GmbH , which offers an environmentally friendly coating process for the refinement of plastic surfaces, i3 Membrane GmbH , which develops membranes for medical and technical applications, and Saxray GmbH , which provides X-ray analyzes for all kinds of materials.
Promotion of young talent
The HZDR employs around 150 doctoral students who are doing their doctorate in cooperation with universities, especially the TU Dresden . Four junior research groups at the HZDR (as of May 2017) conduct research on the following topics:
- Laser electron acceleration
- Laser ion acceleration
- Microorganisms in the salt rock of nuclear repositories
- Measurement technology in liquid metals
Three other junior research groups receive special funding as Helmholtz junior research groups:
- Dynamic Warm Dense Matter Research with HIBEF
- Spin-torque Devices for Information-Communication Technology
- Structures and reactions at the water / mineral interface
There is also a DFG- funded junior research group in the Emmy Noether program :
- Spin waves as a bridge between spintronics and photonics
The HZDR continues to run the Helmholtz College NANONET, a structured doctoral program in molecular electronics, and organizes an international summer student program.
For the operation of the research facilities, the laboratories and the administration, the HZDR is constantly training around 40 young people in 13 professions. For pupils from the fifth grade onwards, the DeltaX school laboratory offers experiment days and holiday courses. Regular teacher training courses complement these offers.
For the general public, the HZDR organizes an open laboratory day every two years and takes part in the Long Night of Science at all research institutions in Dresden every summer . The HZDR is also represented at the Science Nights in Freiberg and Leipzig.
Institutes of the HZDR
The scientific division of the HZDR is divided into eight institutes and two central departments:
- Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research
- Institute for High Field Magnetic Laboratory Dresden
- Institute for Fluid Dynamics
- Institute for Radiation Physics
- Institute for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Institute for Radiation Oncology - OncoRay
- Institute for Resource Ecology
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology , together with the TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Two central departments support the research operations of all institutes:
- Central Research Technology Department, for the development and construction of research facilities and experiments
- Central information services and computing department for the IT infrastructure of all HZDR locations
Cooperations
The HZDR is committed to national and international networking of its research areas. Together with the TU Dresden and other Dresden research institutions, it is a member of the DRESDEN-concept science association .
International cooperation:
- European Synchrotron ESFR
- European XFEL
- WHELMI Laboratory (Weizmann-Helmholtz Laboratory for Laser Matter Interaction)
- LEAPS initiative (League of European Accelerator-based Photon Sources)
- CALIPSOplus
- ERF AISBL (Association of European-level Research Infrastructure Facilities)
- Extreme light infrastructure
- EMFL (European Magnetic Field Laboratory)
- EIT RawMaterials
- INFACT (Innovative, Non-Invasive and Fully Acceptable Exploration Technologies)
- Ions4SET
Regional and national cooperation:
- DRESDEN-concept
- TU Dresden
- Freiberg Mining Academy and Technical University
- Chemnitz University of Technology
- German working group for repository research
- Competence network radiation research
- Competence network east for nuclear technology
List of researchers working in Rossendorf
- Wolf Häfele was Scientific Director of the Rossendorf Research Center from 1992 to 1996.
- Frank Pobell was scientific director and spokesman for the board of directors at Forschungszentrum Rossendorf from 1996 to 2003, and from 2002 to 2004 he was in charge of setting up the Dresden high-field magnet laboratory.
- Bernd Johannsen was Scientific Director of the Rossendorf Research Center from 2003 to 2006.
- Roland Sauerbrey was Scientific Director of the Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf from 2006 to the end of March 2020.
- Heinz Barwich , German nuclear physicist, first director of the ZfK Rossendorf.
- Helmuth Faulstich , German electrical engineer and electronics technician, acting director from 1961, from 1965 to 1970 director of the ZfK Rossendorf.
- Günter Flach , German physicist, director of the ZfK Rossendorf from 1970 to 1990.
- Klaus Fuchs , German-British nuclear physicist, deputy director of the ZfK Rossendorf from 1959 to 1974.
- Josef Schintlmeister , Austrian nuclear physicist, director at the ZfK Rossendorf. From 1956 to 1971 head of the nuclear physics division at the ZfK Rossendorf.
- Kurt Schwabe , German chemist, director at the ZfK Rossendorf. From 1959 to 1969 head of the radiochemistry division at the ZfK Rossendorf.
- Rudolf Münze , German chemist, from 1969 head of the Radiochemistry division at the ZfK Rossendorf, which was renamed in the 1970s to the Nuclear Chemistry division and in the 1980s to the Radioactive Isotopes division.
- Klaus Hennig
- Frank-Peter Weiss
- Siegfried Niese
Locations
The HZDR is headquartered in Dresden and also operates the Freiberg Helmholtz Institute for Resource Technology in Saxony together with the TU Bergakademie Freiberg and a research center for radiopharmaceutical and georadiochemical research in Leipzig.
In Hamburg, the HZDR is currently building the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF) at the European X-ray laser European XFEL together with the German Electron Synchrotron . In addition, the HZDR operates a beam pipe with a radiochemical measuring station at the European synchrotron radiation source ESRF in Grenoble (France).
Reception and administration building of the HZDR in Rossendorf
Rossendorf - Research Center - Front view - View from the bus stop in Dresden
History of the research location Rossendorf
In 1956 the Central Institute for Nuclear Physics was founded in Rossendorf, which was incorporated into the GDR Academy of Sciences a little later as the Central Institute for Nuclear Research (ZfK) . The German-British nuclear physicist Klaus Fuchs, who was involved in the Manhattan project , was deputy director of the ZfK until 1974. After reunification , the Rossendorf Research Center (FZR) was re- established under the direction of Wolf Häfele and shifted the research focus to life sciences and materials research. In 2006 the name was changed to Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf in order to emphasize the connection by name to the research location Dresden.
In 2011 the research center changed from the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community to the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers . Since then it has been called the Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf .
Various research reactors were in operation at the former Central Institute for Nuclear Research (ZfK) of the GDR in Rossendorf . They were operated on the current site of the research site and gradually decommissioned after 1989. For decommissioning and dismantling, the newly founded VKTA - Radiation Protection, Analysis & Disposal e. V. (VKTA) commissioned by the Free State of Saxony.
The Rossendorfer Research Reactor (RFR) had a nominal output of 10 megawatts and was in operation from 1957 to 1991. This research reactor was mainly used as a neutron source for the production of radioisotopes, for doping silicon, for activation analyzes and for materials research.
The Rossendorfer arrangement for critical experiments (RAKE) had only a low output of 10 watts and was in operation from 1969 to 1991. It was used for reactor physics experiments and training. This reactor plant was completely dismantled by 1998.
The Rossendorfer Ring Zone Reactor (RRR) was the first reactor that was developed independently in the GDR. It was operated as a research reactor between 1962 and 1991 and had an output of 1000 watts. The reactor was used in basic research on reactor physics.
Web links
- Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf
- TOPFLOW website
- Film about the construction and inauguration of the first GDR nuclear research reactor Rossendorf
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d The HZDR in Figures - Online Annual Report 2018
- ↑ Energy research in the Helmholtz Association
- ^ Research area health in the Helmholtz Association
- ^ Research area "Structure of Matter" in the Helmholtz Association ( Memento from December 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ The history of the research location Dresden-Rossendorf
- ↑ HZDR 2015: Future Projects: Research for the World of Tomorrow
- ↑ Press release of November 17, 2011: Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf supports the energy transition with a subsidiary for technology transfer and production tasks
- ^ HZDR: PhD training
- ↑ HZDR: Young Investigators Groups
- ^ Helmholtz Association: Helmholtz Young Investigators Groups
- ↑ Helmholtz College NANONET
- ↑ Summer student program
- ↑ Vocational training
- ↑ DeltaX school laboratory
- ^ Dresden Long Night of the Sciences - www.dresden-wissenschaft.de
- ^ HZDR: The institutes at the Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf
- ^ Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers: Helmholtz Institute Freiberg
- ↑ www.hzdr.de: Strategic partners and cooperations. Retrieved February 13, 2019 .
- ↑ dresden-concept.de: Partner of DRESDEN-concept. Retrieved February 13, 2019 .
- ↑ 50 years of research in Rossendorf, Central Institute for Nuclear Physics
- ↑ Press release of June 22, 2009: Sealed with a signature - the FZD is switching to the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers . FZD. June 22nd, 2009. Archived from the original on March 7th, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 22, 2009.
