Concepción (Chile)
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Coordinates: 36 ° 50 ′ S , 73 ° 3 ′ W Concepción on the map of Chile
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| Basic data | ||
| Country | Chile | |
| region | Región del Bío-Bío | |
| City foundation | October 5, 1550 | |
| Residents | 219,057 (2017) | |
| - in the metropolitan area | 722.929 | |
| City insignia | ||
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| Detailed data | ||
| surface | 222 km 2 | |
| Population density | 955 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| height | 12 m | |
| Waters | Bío-Bío | |
| Post Code | 3349001 | |
| prefix | 41 | |
| Time zone | UTC −4 | |
| City Presidency | Patricio Kuhn | |
| Website | ||
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Concepción , officially La Concepción de María Purísima del Nuevo Extremo , is a city in the South American Andean state of Chile with 219,000 inhabitants (as of 2017).
Concepción forms the center of the Gran Concepción . The second largest agglomeration in the country after the capital Santiago de Chile with around one million inhabitants is the second most important economic center of Chile.
geography
Concepción is located about 500 kilometers south of Santiago on the Bío-Bío river , which is 1.8 kilometers wide here, 10 kilometers from its confluence with the Pacific Ocean . The city is located in the north-west of Mount Caracol , which offers a lovely view of the sea. The closely neighboring Talcahuano is both a port city and a naval base.
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Monthly Average Temperatures and Rainfall for Concepción (Carriel Sur, Chile)
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history
Concepción was founded in 1550 by Pedro de Valdivia on the site of today's neighboring port town of Penco . The city was overrun and destroyed by the Mapuche in 1554 and 1608 .
Nature has also severely damaged the settlement several times. A first earthquake was the earthquake in 1570 that destroyed the city. More occurred in 1657 and 1730. After another earthquake in 1751, which was followed by a tidal wave, destroyed the city again, it was moved inland to its present location in 1754.
Under the Spanish rule, Concepción was the second most important city of the General Capitol of Chile. In 1818, Chile's independence was proclaimed here.
On February 20, 1835, a very severe 8.5 magnitude earthquake destroyed the entire city. Because the three-minute quake occurred at 11:30 a.m., fewer than 100 people died. In total, however, around 5,000 people died from the forces of nature, because houses in seventy surrounding villages collapsed and a subsequent tsunami washed the fishing port of Talcahuano into the sea. Charles Darwin then visited the city in ruins.
The population in 1882 was 19,000.
Other very severe earthquakes followed in 1939 and 1960. They destroyed the colonial buildings of the city and claimed considerable casualties in each case. Since then, low reinforced concrete buildings have been designed to withstand future earthquakes to prevent damage . The majority of the population now live in smaller wooden houses that can withstand an earthquake better than traditional natural stone buildings.
Since 1995, however, increasingly high-rise buildings have been built to meet the growing demand for living space. A lack of space for urban expansion and rising land prices force this type of construction - the earthquake resistance , even if it is claimed by architects / structural engineers, has to be proven first.
On February 27, 2010, a severe earthquake occurred in the Pacific about 100 kilometers northwest of Concepción . It had a magnitude of 8.8 M w on the moment magnitude scale , making it the worst earthquake in Chile for almost 50 years. There was massive destruction in the city: a 14-story building collapsed and trapped over a hundred people.
Education and culture
Concepción is the seat of the Archdiocese of Concepción with the current Archbishop Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib and the administrative seat of the Bío-Bío region .
Concepción has many universities, some of which are public and many are private. In 1919 the Universidad de Concepción was founded, which has also earned a good reputation internationally. In 1958 another university was founded, the Universidad del Bío-Bío , named after the Bío-Bío region or after the Bío-Bío river on which Concepción lies. The Universidad de la Santísima Concepción and private universities or universities of applied sciences such as the Universidad de San Sebastián or the Universidad Andrés Bello should also be mentioned.
You can also learn Spanish in Concepción, some courses are offered by privately run institutions, some courses are organized directly at the universities.
There are several international private schools (German school, English school, French school), a theater, which mostly functions as a cinema or concert hall and does not have its own ensemble. In Hualpén there is a museum that shows found and collectibles from all over the world. These include pipes from Tyrol and even an Egyptian mummy.
The Universidad de Concepción provides almost the sole cultural program for the entire city. Jazz concerts with musicians from all over the country, small film festivals, dances and other cultural events take place there regularly. There is also a picture gallery on the university campus, which has an important wall painting that explains the history of the Latin American continent.
There are two top division soccer clubs and one top division basketball team in the city.
Mall Plaza del Trebol
Hotel El Araucano
Economy and Transport
Concepción is a trading center for agricultural products that are grown in the fertile surrounding area. Food processing, the iron and steel industry, and the oil, chemicals and wood processing industries are important to the urban economy. In addition, heavy industry has settled in the port city of Talcahuano in the form of the Huachipato steelworks .
The main loading port of Concepción is San Vicente. From here the products are shipped all over the world. San Vicente as well as the ports of Talcahuano and Lirquen were badly damaged by the tsunami following the earthquake on February 27, 2010 .
The city is 82 kilometers from the Panamericana and is connected to it by a motorway. In the vicinity of Concepción there are two lines of the Biotrén , the name of which is derived from the river Río Bío Bío , a suburban train -like local transport offer. Buses run to the next TerraSur train station (in Chillán ) and the “Aeródromo Carriel Sur” airport .
sons and daughters of the town
- José Joaquín Prieto Vial (1786–1854), politician. President from 1831 to 1841.
- Manuel Bulnes Prieto (1799–1866), politician, general. President from 1841 to 1851.
- Otto Aichel (1871–1935), German anatomist and university professor in Santiago de Chile, Halle (Saale) and Kiel
- Enrique Soro Barriga (1884–1954), composer
- Carlos Keller Rueff (1897–1974), journalist and writer and chief ideologist of the National Socialist Movement in Chile
- René Ríos Boettiger (1911-2000), Cartoon draftsman
- René Schneider (1913–1970), general and commander in chief of the military
- Klaus Junge (1924–1945), chess master
- Pablo Ardouin (* 1951), folk musician
- Adrián García (* 1978), tennis player
- Los Tres (founded 1987), Chilean band
- Isidora Jiménez (* 1993), sprinter
- Los Bunkers (founded in 1999), Chilean band
Town twinning
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La Plata (1993) -
Rosario (1997)
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Cuenca (Ecuador) (2006) -
Bethlehem (2006) -
Cascavel (2006)
City partnerships "Mercociudades"
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in Argentina
in Bolivia
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in Brazil
in Chile
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in Paraguay
in Peru
in Uruguay
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See also
Web links
- Website of the municipality of Concepción (span.)
- Darwin's report on the earthquake in 1835 (English)
- Image of the damage in Concepción 1835
- Concepción - Encyclopædia Britannica (English)
bibliography
- Ida Stevenson Weldon Vernon ( 1969 ) Pedro de Valdivia, Conquistador of Chile , Greenwood Press
- John Milton Nickles, Marie Siegrist ( 1965 ) Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America , Geological Society of America, v.28
Individual evidence
- ↑ Biobío (Chile): Provinces & Places - Population Statistics, Graphics and Map. Retrieved July 27, 2018 .
- ↑ http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/
- ↑ Chile after the quake: More than a hundred survivors buried under high-rise rubble. In: Spiegel Online . February 28, 2010, accessed June 9, 2018 .
- ↑ Bethlehem Twinning Cities (English)