Arequipa
| Arequipa | |
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Coordinates: 16 ° 25 ′ S , 71 ° 32 ′ W
Arequipa on the map of Peru
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| Basic data | |
| Country | Peru |
| region | Arequipa |
| province | Arequipa |
| City foundation | August 15, 1540 |
| Residents | 55,437 (2017) |
| - in the metropolitan area | 1,008,290 |
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| Detailed data | |
| surface | 11.5 km 2 |
| Population density | 4,821 inhabitants / km 2 |
| height | 2335 m |
| City structure | 14 distritos |
| Waters | Río Quilca |
| Post Code | 04000 |
| prefix | +51 54 |
| Time zone | UTC -5 |
| City Presidency | Omar Julio Candia Aguilar (2019-2022) |
| City patron | Virgen de Chapi |
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Arequipa is the capital of the Arequipa region of the same name in the south of the South American Andean state of Peru and is the political, economic and cultural center of southern Peru. Arequipa is the seat of an archbishopric .
In the city and the 11.5 km² district of Arequipa of the same name, 55,437 people lived in the 2017 census. The population in the metropolitan area was 1,008,290. In 2000, UNESCO declared Arequipa's city center a World Heritage Site .
geography
Arequipa is at an altitude of over 2300 m. The city is ruled by the volcanoes in the vicinity, the 5822 m high conical Misti , the 6057 m high Chachani and the smaller and more distant Picchu Picchu .
Not far from Arequipa are the gorges of the Cotahuasi and Colca Cañon , which are among the deepest in the world with up to 3000 m difference in altitude.
The origin of the nickname “the white city” with which Arequipa adorns itself probably does not refer to the white sillar rock of volcanic origin with which many of the old historical buildings in the center of Arequipa were built, but rather to the lighter skin color of the past Spanish residents living in the city center who forbade locals to live in the city center.
The coast of the Pacific is only 75 km away as the crow flies and gives the city a mild and sunny climate all year round.
The area is frequently hit by violent earthquakes and an average of twelve earth movements per day. In 1608, 1687, 1784, 1868, 1958 and 1960 large parts of the city were destroyed by earthquakes. On June 23, 2001, a severe earthquake of magnitude VII − VIII on the Mercalli scale shook the region. It caused one of the two towers of the cathedral in the main square to collapse. This was restored by 2004. The layered volcano Misti towering over the city is still active. Some districts at the foot of the volcano would be threatened by pyroclastic currents and lahars in the event of an eruption .
history
The oldest traces of human settlement that have been found in the area around Arequipa date to the time between 8000 BC. BC and 6000 BC Over 400 archaeological sites have been registered to date, including the cave drawings in Sumbay and Pampas Colorado.
From around 1250 the Incas brought the area around Arequipa under their influence, until 1537 the Spanish conquistador Diego de Almagro el Viejo conquered the area and Garcí Manuel de Carbajal on August 15, 1540 the town of Villa de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción del Valle Hermoso de Arequipa was founded as a Spanish residence, later called Arequipa for short .
The name of the city is thought to derive from the Quechua expression “are quepay” (in German: “Stay!” ), Which the Inca Mayta Cápac is said to have made when he arrived in the valley of the Rio Chili. In 1541 it received city rights from King Carlos V of Spain . From this point on, Arequipa developed into a trading city between the coast and the Andes. The Colca valley with its abundant agriculture was particularly important for this . In the area there was also intensive mining and wine and wool were produced. With the introduction of the railway , which ran to the Matarani seaport from 1870 and connected the cities of Cuzco and Puno in 1904 , Arequipa's importance as a trading city increased.
Attractions
cathedral
The Arequipa Cathedral is considered unique in Peru as it occupies the entire side of the Plaza de Armas. Construction began in 1629, but it was given its final shape today when it was rebuilt after a fire in 1844. Only a few years later it was badly damaged again by the strong earthquake of 1868. The bell tower, which fell in the 2001 earthquake, was rebuilt by 2004. At the end of the 19th century, a pulpit from France and an organ from Belgium were purchased for the cathedral, which was not very spectacular inside. In addition, marble from Italy was used in many places. Arequipa Cathedral is also one of the fewer than 100 churches in the world that are allowed to fly the Vatican flag.
Santa Catalina
The Santa Catalina Monastery is considered to be one of the most important religious buildings from the colonial era. It is located near the city center and was built in 1579 by decision of the city council, as the three existing monasteries could not accommodate the novices. Many of the wealthy Spanish families gave their second daughter to the monastery for “God and Heaven”. For the Santa Catalina monastery, a 20,426 m² large part of the city was quickly walled, thus establishing a self-sufficient settlement. Up to 150 nuns are said to have lived here together with their servants in a strict enclosure. But there were exceptions: The French writer and women's rights activist Flora Tristan visited the monastery in 1834 and describes the nuns' way of life in detail in her travelogue. According to Flora Tristan, they lived far more easily than their strict rules would have led one to expect. Every four years eight novices were admitted, who had to provide a dowry of at least 1,000 gold pesos to maintain the monastery. Only after a reform in 1871 did the monastery accept novices without a dowry. Despite this first liberalization, it was not until 1970 that the monastery was renovated on the initiative of the remaining nuns and its secrets were made accessible to the public: English carpets, Spanish silk curtains, Flemish lace cloths, upholstered chairs, damask, fine china and silver were part of the "equipment" . A self-sufficient city was found in the middle of Arequipa, in which time seemed to have stood still in 1579, apart from the destruction caused by the earthquakes.
La Compañía
The Iglesia de la Compañía is at the bottom of the Plaza de Armas. It was built for the Jesuits from 1595 to 1698 and is considered a good example of the mixture of the baroque and mestizo architectural styles. The facade shows various elements of the indigenous as well as the Spanish-Catholic culture. The restored sacristy has only been accessible since 1950 and is also richly decorated with colorful ornaments.
Museums
- Museo Santuarios Andinos: The 'Museo Santuarios Andinos' houses one of the most important archaeological finds in South America in recent decades: the mummy of a young Inca woman who was found in September 1995 by members of the expedition led by the American archaeologist Johan Reinhard at the summit of the Ampato volcano they gave the name Juanita . Since the end of the scientific research, every museum visitor has had access to the very well-preserved mummy, which is kept frozen with all its clothing in a glass cabinet. In addition, items of clothing and gifts from other graves from the pre-Columbian era are exhibited here.
More Attractions
- Colca Valley : The 'Colca Valley' is the most beautiful and interesting attraction in the Arequipa area. The valley is part of the Andes mountain range and is one of the deepest canyons in the world - it is the second deepest canyon.
- Many of the churches have become important museums and libraries over time. For example, a valuable library and paintings are kept in the Iglesia y convento La Merced. The Iglesia de San Francisco also has a library of more than 20,000 volumes and an art gallery.
Markets
The Mercado San Camilo is near the center and one of the most famous markets in the city. Here you will find everything you need for daily life in terms of food and other goods. The roof of the market was constructed by the builder of the Eiffel Tower , Gustave Eiffel .
Festivals
The most important festival is the birthday of the city, which was founded on August 15, 1540, on August 15. Every year there are countless events and colorful parades through the city. Traditional dances are performed by school classes, military schools, individual districts, but also from distant areas such as Lake Titicaca or the Amazon region.
Personalities
Sons and daughters:
- José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (1894–1989), politician and writer, Peruvian President from 1945 to 1948
- Víctor Andrés Belaúnde (1883–1966), diplomat, writer and historian, President of the 14th session of the UN General Assembly
- Mateo Crawley-Boevey (Padre Mateo) (1875-1960), Catholic priest and people's missionary
- Juan Landázuri Ricketts (1913–1997), Archbishop of Lima and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
- Alfredo Noriega Arce (1922–1993), auxiliary bishop in Lima
- Mario Cavagnaro (1926–1998), singer-songwriter
- Samuel Escobar (* 1934), theologian
- Alex Olmedo (* 1936), former tennis player
- Hernando de Soto (* 1941), economist
- Alberto Vargas (1896–1982), famous for his pin-up drawings
- Mario Vargas Llosa (* 1936), Nobel Prize Winner for Literature (2010)
- René Cornejo (* 1962), politician
Town twinning
- Charlotte , North Carolina, USA
- Maui County , Hawaii, USA
- Biella , Italy
Climate table
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Arequipa
Source: missing
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literature
- Margot Kahleyss: "We are blind up there in the Sierra". Migrants in the city of Arequipa, southern Peru . Holos-Verlag, Bonn 1991. ISBN 3-926216-44-1 .
- Tomas F. Love: The Independent Republic of Arequipa: Making Regional Culture in the Andes. University of Texas, Austin 2017, ISBN 978-1-4773-1459-3 .
- Hinnerk Onken: Bread and Justice. Subaltern and political culture in Arequipa , Peru 1895–1919. LIT, Münster 2013. ISBN 978-3-643-12396-1 .
- Patricio Ricketts Rey de Castro: Arequipa . Spala, Rio de Janeiro 1988. ISBN 85-7048-032-6 . (spanish / portuguese)
- Flora Tristan: My trip to Peru . Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1983. ISBN 3-7973-0406-4 . In it pp. 131–292 about the city of Arequipa and its social and economic conditions in the years 1833/1834.
- Peter Yenne, Adelma Benavente: Arequipa en blanco y negro. El estudio de arte de Vargas Hermanos, 1912–1930 . Turner, Madrid 2008. ISBN 978-84-7506-805-3 . <to the photographs by Carlos Vargas (1885–1979) and Miguel Vargas (1887–1976) in Arequipa, with a text by Mario Vargas Llosa>
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peru: Arequipa Region - Provinces & Places . www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- ↑ Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico (PDF, 27.4 MB) Instituo Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (INEI). August 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI): Directorio Nacional de Centros Poblados - Censos Nacionales 2017 . Lima 2018, Vol. 1, p. 297 ( online ).
- ↑ Peru 2007 census
- ↑ Isabel Bernal, Hernando Tavera: Cuantificación del Tamaño del Terremoto de Arequipa del 23 de Junio, 2001 ( Memento of January 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), XI Congreso Peruano de Geología Lima, Setiembre 25-28, 2002, accessed on 12. April 2018. There more detailed information on the sky wave magnitude, the surface wave magnitude and the moment magnitude of the earthquake.
- ↑ Flora Tristan: My trip to Peru . Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1983. ISBN 3-7973-0406-4 . Via Santa Catalina pp. 241-255.
Web links
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- Main Arequipa (Spanish)
- Regional government of the Arequipa region (Spanish)
Heritage: City of Cuzco (1983) | Chavin Archaeological Site (1985) | Chan Chan Ruined City (1986, R ) | Franciscan monastery and old town of Lima (1988) | Lines and floor drawings of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana (1994) | Arequipa Historic Center (2000) | Holy City of Caral-Supe (2009) | Qhapaq Ñan - Andean Road System (2014)
Natural heritage: Huascarán National Park (1985) | Manú National Park (1987)
Cultural / Natural Heritage: Machu Picchu (1983) | Río Abiseo National Park and Archaeological Park (1990)