Qhapaq ñan

Andean road system Qhapaq Ñan
UNESCO world heritage
National territory:	Argentina Bolivia Chile Ecuador Colombia Peru
Type:	Cultural path system
Criteria :	(ii) (iii) (iv) (vi)
Surface:	11,406.95 ha
Buffer zone:	663,069.68 hectares
Reference No .:	1459
UNESCO region :	Latin America and the Caribbean
History of enrollment
Enrollment:	2014  (session 38)

The Andes main road Qhapaq Ñan (also King's Road of the Andes or Great Inca Road ) was part of the Inca road system in South America. It formed the main connection of the Inca Empire in north-south direction and enabled its political and economic control. It stretched for more than 6000 kilometers and is comparable to the Silk Road in Asia.

history

Location in South America

This royal road connected the cities of Quito ( Ecuador ) in the north and Santiago ( Chile ) in the south. It allowed the Inca to control his empire and to send troops from the capital, Cusco , if necessary. Along the road there were storage facilities, overnight accommodation, lama enclosures , housing developments and military posts in various sizes and designs, all at uniform distances from one another.

Much of this road was above 3,500 meters and connected inhabited regions, administrative centers, agricultural areas and mining areas, as well as ceremonial centers . The stone-paved street, up to twenty meters wide, led over steps to heights of over 4,500 meters and with footbridges and suspension bridges over water and raging rivers.

Only small parts, such as the Inca Trail , which connected the Sacred Valley of Cusco and Machu Picchu , can be walked today for tourists.

conservation

This precious archaeological legacy still exists today, although it is on the verge of disappearing.

The UNESCO , IUCN and Conservation International have highlighted the urgent need of protection, together with the six countries through which the Great Inca road leads. On June 21, 2014 the Qhapac-Ñan as a whole within the Andean road system was awarded the title 'World Heritage Site'. The reason for the UNESCO World Heritage Committee is also the outstanding engineering performance in geographically different areas.

There are numerous archaeological sites along the King's Road of the Andes , some of which are World Heritage Sites . These include Ingapirca in Ecuador, Cusco and the Sacred Valley in Peru, Tiahuanaco in Bolivia and Quilmes in Argentina, as well as smaller sites such as Huanuco Pampa in Peru, which are in need of protection.

The road connects 15 of South America's 100 ecosystems, of which the Bolivian Yungas , Marañon Dry Forest , Chilean Mattoral and Chilean Winter Rainforest are at risk. Furthermore, it leads through some of the last existing retreats of the Andean spectacled bear , the Andean condor and the vicuna . The road also crosses the Andes Cordillera, a watershed between the valleys and the coast.

The Qhapaq Ñan passes through a number of indigenous areas with cultures anchored in the past. The Inka Naani project in Peru led to a revival of traditions and oral tradition.

World Heritage

The individual sites of the world cultural heritage are listed below.

Argentina

 Map with all coordinates of the individual locations in Argentina: OSM

Ref.No.	image	Designation / code	Area in ha	Buffer zone in ha	Road length in km	Street width in m (Ø)	description
1459-001		Quebrada Grande – Las escaleras (AR-QGE-01 / C-2011) ( start point , end point )	18.179	0.494	2.46	2	cobbled street, open stairs, retaining walls, drains, pircas (low stone walls)
1459-002	more pictures	Santa Rosa de Tastil (AR-SRT-02 / CS-2011) ( Location )	423.73	15.18	0.548	0.37	walled, elevated street; archaeological site with 330 residential units, circular graves, cobbled main and side streets, storage buildings and rock paintings
1459-003		Abra de Chaupiyaco – Las Capillas (AR-ACHC-03 / CS-2011) ( start point , end point )	165.04	16.25	18th	0.5	with the archaeological sites of Abra de Chaupiyaco , Abra de Ia Cruz , Abra de Ingañan , Las Capillas and Potrero de Payogasta
1459-004		Las Peras– Sauzalito (AR-PPG-05 / CS-2011) ( start point , end point )	51.61	3.51	3.094	1	with the archaeological site of Los Graneros de La Poma
1459-005	more pictures	Complejo Ceremonial Volcán Llullaillaco (AR-LLU-07 / CS-2011) ( location )	14787.839	266.1	6.331	1.8	with the archaeological sites Filo Norte , Tambo de Llullaillaco , Ruinas Intermedias , Cota de Agua , Laderas Altas , Portezuelo del Inca and Complejo de la Cumbre
1459-006		Complejo Arqueológico La Ciudacita (AR-CAC-08 / CS-2011) ( location )	27.389	6.19	0.977	1.7	with the archaeological sites of La Ciudacita and Bajo La Ciudacita
1459-007		Pucará del Aconquija (AR-PA-09 / CS-2011) ( location )	379.48	40.75	0.93	1	with the archaeological sites Sitio del Bajo , Pucará del Aconquija
1459-008		Los Corrales - Las Pircas (AR-LCLP-10 / CS-2011) ( start point , end point )	6477.28	225.3	42	2	with the archaeological sites Tambo Chilitanca , Tambo Pampa Real , Santuario Negro Overo and Santuario General Belgrano
1459-009		Angualasto - Colangüil (AR-ANC-13 / CS-2011) ( start point , end point )	374.08	15.63	3.314	2.3	with the archaeological sites of Angualasto and Punta de Barro
1459-010		Llano de los Leones (AR-LLL-16 / CS-2011) ( Location )	106.91	9.74	0.228	2.5	with the archaeological site of Morro Negro
1459-011		Ciénaga de Yalguaraz –San Alberto (AR-CYSA-17 / CS2011) ( start point , end point )	1216.969	24.03	39.62	3	with the archaeological sites of Ciénaga de Yalguaraz and Tambillos
1459-012		Ranchillos (AR-RAN-18 / CS-2011) ( location )	43.768	7.7	0.801	1.7
1459-013	more pictures	Puente del Inca (AR-PIN-20 / CS-2011) ( location )	32.49	2.51	0.224	7.9	with the archaeological sites of Penitentes , Confluencia and Piramide del Cerro Aconcagua

Peru

 Map with all coordinates of the individual locations in Peru: OSM

Cusco - Desaguadero

Ref.No.	image	Designation / code	Area in ha	Buffer zone in ha	Road length in km	Street width in m (Ø)	description
1459-084	more pictures	Plaza Inca Hanan Hauk'aypata (PE-PH-01 / CS-2011) ( location )	8.24	205.327	3.72	3.31
1459-085		Portada Rumiqolqa - Ch'uspitakana (PE-CD-02 / CS-2011) ( location )	2.81	4546,334	2.73	5.5	with the archaeological site Portada Rumiqolqa ( location )
1459-086		Santa Cruz de Occobamba Norte (PE-CD-03 / C-2011) ( location )	1.36	6,758	1.35	4.75
1459-087		Raqchi –Qquea (PE-CD-04 / CS-2011) ( location )	3.65	1237.808	2.54	5.5	with the archaeological sites Chaskiwasi Tambo ( location ) and Raqchi ( location )
1459-088		Pancca – Buena Vista– Chuquibambilla (PE-CD-06 / C-2011) ( location )	11.24	54.126	11.23	3.5
1459-089		Q'omer Moqo– Nicasio (PE-CD-08 / C-2011) ( location )	13.69	4667,481	13.69	4th
1459-090		Paucarcolla –Yanamayo (PE-CD-09 / CS-2011) ( location )	10.24	45.207	9.25	6th	with the archaeological site Huk'uchani ( location )
1459-091		Kancharani – Andenes (PE-CD-10 / C-2011) ( location )	1.25	6.184	1.24	3.75
1459-092		Jayllihuaya - Ichu (PE-CD-11 / C-2011) ( location )	1.78	8,635	1.77	4th
1459-093		Cruz Pata – Ccaje (PE-CD-12 / C-2011) ( location )	2.34	11,435	2.33	4.4
1459-094		Sisipampa– Pomata (PE-CD-13 / C-2011) ( location )	2.74	13,316	2.73	4.15
1459-095		Pueblo Libre – Sajo – Chaca Chaca (PE-CD-14 / C-2011) ( location )	4.64	22.502	4.63	7.85
1459-096		Arbolera – Parcco Chua Chua (PE-CD-15 / C-2011) ( location )	2.25	11.016	2.24	6th

Ollantaytambo - Lares - Valle Lacco

Ref.No.	image	Designation / code	Area in ha	Buffer zone in ha	Road length in km	Street width in m (Ø)	description
1459-097		Huacahuasi –Tambohuaylla (PE-OL-16 / CS-2011) ( location )	1.2	338.993	3.74	2.35	with the archaeological site of Panteon Moqo ( location )
1459-098		Inca Chaka – Qollotayoc (PE-OL-17 / C-2011) ( location )	0.35	3761,801	1.13	3.1
1459-099		Choquecancha –Killa Khawarina (PE-OL-18 / CS-2011) ( location )	0.94	3761,801	4.97	1.75	with the archaeological sites Choqecancha ( location ) and Inca Acequia ( location )
1459-100		Paucarpata – Ichuka (PE-OL-19 / CS-2011) ( location )	10.29	3761,801	18.65	3.4	with the archaeological sites Umacalle ( location ) , Samana Pata ( location ) , Qoyllobamba ( location ) , Pumaqocha ( location ) and Inca Tambo ( location )
1459-101		Tawis – Puente Ollanta (PE-OL-21 / CS-2011) ( location )	7.04	3075,416	24.78	2.5	with the archaeological sites Inkaraqay ( location ) and Llaqtapata (Qellomayu) ( location )

Vitkus - Choquequirao

Ref.No.	image	Designation / code	Area in ha	Buffer zone in ha	Road length in km	Street width in m (Ø)	description
1459-102		Vitkus -Abra  Choqetakarpu (PE-VCH-22 / CS-2011) ( location )	7.05	514025,937	15.86	2.5	with the archaeological sites Vitkus - Rosaspata ( location ) , Ñusta Hisp'ana ( location ) , Misti Wasi ( location ) and Chaski Wasi ( location )
1459-103		Inca Mach'ay –Samarinapata (PE-VCH-23 / CS-2011) ( location )	0.64	514025,937	2.43	4.6	with the archaeological sites Inca Mach'ay ( location ) and Vizcacharanra ( location )
1459-104		Abra Choqetakarpu – Toroyoq (PE-VCH-24 / CS-2011) ( location )	1.18	514025,937	5.57	4.6	with the archaeological sites of Qhelqamach'ay ( location ) , Unusamincha ( location ) and Machu Wasi ( location )
1459-105		Kutacoca– Choquequirao (PE-VCH-26 / CS-2011) ( location )	54	514025,937	10.24	2	with the archaeological sites Andenes de Pinchaunuyuq ( location ) , Portada ( location ) and Choquequirao ( location )

Quewe - Winchiri

Ref.No.	image	Designation / code	Area in ha	Buffer zone in ha	Road length in km	Street width in m (Ø)	description
1459-106	more pictures	Puente Q'eswachaka (PE-PQ-27 / C-2011) ( location )	0.01	1.176	0.042	1.2

Xauxa - Pachacamac

Ref.No.	image	Designation / code	Area in ha	Buffer zone in ha	Road length in km	Street width in m (Ø)	description
1459-107		Portachuelo – Piticocha (PE-XP-30 / CS-2011) ( location )	159.09	3530.268	16.27	3.5	with the archaeological sites of Cuchimachay ( location ) , Tambo Real ( location ) and Piticocha ( location )
1459-108		Sitio Arqueológico Pirca Pirca (PE-XP-31 / S-2011) ( location )	55.12	3530.268	0	(*)
1459-109		Chiclla - Huarochiri (PE-XP-32 / C-2011) ( location )	3.26	2031,926	2.39	4.35
1459-110		Cochahuayco – Chamana (PE-XP-33 / CS-2011) ( location )	41.66	279.709	5.3	2.2	with the archaeological site Tanquire ( location )
1459-111		Canturilla– Nieve Nieve (PE-XP-34 / C-2011) ( location )	3.03	103.511	1.63	2.5
1459-112		Sitio Arqueológico Nieve Nieve (PE-XP-35 / S-2011) ( location )	3.22	6.238	(*)	(*)
1459-113		Compleo Arqueológico Anchucaya – Santa Rosa – Antivales (PE-XP-36 / S-2011) ( location )	89.16	0	(*)	(*)
1459-114		Chontay (PE-XP-37 / C-2011) ( location )	1.79	67.339	1.43	1.5
1459-115		Sitio Arqueológico Molle (PE-XP-38 / S-2011) ( location )	10.26	0	(*)	(*)
1459-116		Sitio Arqueológico Huaycán de Cieneguilla (PE-XP-39 / S-2011) ( location )	32.81	0	(*)	(*)
1459-117	more pictures	Santuario Arqueológico de Pachacamac (PE-XP-40 / CS-2011) ( location )	460.31	1829,260	1.23	6.3

Huánuco Pampa - Haumachuco

Ref.No.	image	Designation / code	Area in ha	Buffer zone in ha	Road length in km	Street width in m (Ø)	description
1459-118	more pictures	Zona Arqueológica Monumental de Huánuco Pampa (PE-HH-41 / CS-2011) ( location )	796.32	4856,440	9.15	9.1
1459-119		Huaricashash (PE-HH-42 / CS-2011) ( location )	10.57	504.010	0.25	2.2	with the archaeological sites of Huachanga ( location ) and Mesapata ( location )
1459-120		Inka Patsacan (PE-HH-43 / CS-2011) ( location )	4.23	508.013	1.47	4.65
1459-121		Quebrada Cashan – Taparaku (PE-HH-44 / CS-2011) ( location )	24.27	1743,418	1.6	2	with the archaeological sites Quebrada Cashan ( location ) and Taparaku ( location ) .
1459-122		Tambo de Llata (PE-HH-45 / CS-2011) ( location )	32.96	1743,418	4.82	8th
1459-123		Inka Hamash – Rayan Patac (PE-HH-46 / CS-2011) ( location )	13.29	281,808	4.65	6.5	with the archaeological sites Inka Hamash ( location ) and Huamanín ( location )
1459-124		Puente de Ayash – Tambo Jircan (PE-HH-47 / CS-2011) ( location )	4.47	85.039	1.89	4.4	with the archaeological sites Hatun Ishpa ( location ) , Rayan Patac ( location ) and Tambo Jircan ( location )
1459-125		Wayno Patac – Taulli (PE-HH-48 / CS-2011) ( location )	3.45	157.621	3.77	3.5	with the archaeological sites Wayno Patac ( location ) , San Cristóbal de Tambo ( location ) , Ahuac Chico ( location ) , Ahuac Grande ( location ) and Taulli ( location )
1459-126		Allpachaca – Tambillo (PE-HH-49 / CS-2011) ( location )	10.5	4262,694	2.7	5	with the archaeological sites Ango Cordillera ( location ) , Huaga ( location ) and Tambillo ( location )
1459-127		Tsuko Koto – Pincosh (PE-HH-50 / C-2011) ( location )	2.77	4262,694	2.99	4th
1459-128		Huaritambo – Ushnu (PE-HH-51 / CS-2011) ( location )	6.43	1516,547	6.45	4.25	with the archaeological sites Jircan ( location ) , Huaritambo ( location ) and Ushnu ( location )
1459-129		Cerro Jircancha – Cerro Torre (PE-HH-52 / CS-2011) ( location )	19.99	528.729	2.63	8th	with the archaeological sites Pallahuachanga I ( location ) and Pallahuachanga II ( location )
1459-130		Maraycalla –Inca Misana (PE-HH-53 / CS-2011) ( location )	14.05	528.729	2.71	6.75	with the archaeological sites of Maraycalla ( location ) and Inca Misana ( location )
1459-131		Canrash – Torrepampa (PE-HH-54 / C-2011) ( location )	4.94	275.690	3.74	3.5
1459-132		Moyabamba – Potocza (PE-HH-55 / C-2011) ( location )	6.15	216,446	4.61	3.85
1459-133		Cotocancha – Alturas de Torre (PE-HH-56 / CS-2011) ( location )	15.45	486.691	10.44	4.35	with the archaeological site of Torre ( location )
1459-134		Quinrraycueva – Pariachuco (PE-HH-57 / CS-2011) ( location )	15.25	387,392	5.56	3.75	with the archaeological sites Quinrraycueva ( location ) , Ojal Grande ( location ) , Pallahuachanga ( location ) and Pariachuco ( location )
1459-135		Pachachaca – Tauli (PE-HH-58 / CS-2011) ( location )	4.41	246,522	2,413	7th	with the archaeological site Tauli II ( location )
1459-136		Escalerilla / Casa Blanca – Cerro Huaylillas / Cushuro (PE-HH-59 / CS-2011) ( location )	3.98	1266.603	3,941	4.9	with the archaeological site Escalerilla ( location )

Aypate - Las Pircas

Ref.No.	image	Designation / code	Area in ha	Buffer zone in ha	Road length in km	Street width in m (Ø)	description
1459-137		Complejo Arqueológico de Aypate (PE-ALP-60 / CS-2011) ( location )	37.22	1502.790	(*)	2

literature

• Marco Pointecker: Qhapaq Ñan. Inca roads through the ages . Lit, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-643-50668-9 .

Web links

• Unesco project Inca roads

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Qhapaq Ñan: Road and communication system for tourist use in the global age. Potential of sustainable tourism products in the Andes of Peru Dissertation (summary), University of Salzburg, accessed on June 22, 2014.
2. ↑ Sites in Latin America and Germany inscribed on World Heritage List 38th UNESCO session, accessed June 22, 2014.

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap