Sucre
Sucre | ||
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panorama |
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Basic data | ||
Residents (state) | 237,480 pop. (2012 census) | |
rank | Rank 6 | |
height | 2808 m | |
Telephone code | (+591) 4 | |
Coordinates | 19 ° 3 ′ S , 65 ° 16 ′ W | |
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politics | ||
Department | Chuquisaca | |
province | Oropeza Province | |
mayor | Aideé Nava | |
Homepage of Sucre |
Sucre [ ˈsukre ], the constitutional capital of Bolivia and the seat of the Supreme Court, is located in the central southern part of the country and is the capital of the Chuquisaca department .
The city has been named after the revolutionary leader Antonio José de Sucre since 1839 . She is known for her chocolate specialties.
history
Sucre was founded in 1538 by Pedro Anzurez Marques de Campo Redondo as Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo and was briefly known as La Plata and Charcas and in Quechua as Chuquisaca . Today's Bolivia was named La Plata for its wealth in silver in the 18th century (“plata” means “silver” or “wealth” in general) - the Río de la Plata is also named after this because the export ports for silver were there.
- Colonial times
La Plata benefited economically from its proximity to Potosí and acted as a cultural, administrative and religious center.
In 1559, on the orders of King Philip II, the Real Audiencia de Charcas was set up in La Plata, with competences in matters of judicial and financial matters as well as general administration. In the beginning, these audiencia were subordinate to areas from Cusco to Buenos Aires, in which, however, their own audiencias were gradually established. After an administrative reform, the four Intendencias La Plata, Potosí, Cochabamba and La Paz were administered from La Plata from 1782 , and the Intendencia Puno between 1784 and 1796.
La Plata became the seat of a bishop in 1552, who was responsible for areas formerly managed by the diocese of Cuzco as the diocese of La Plata o Charcas . Construction of the cathedral began in 1559 . Until the elevation to the Archdiocese of La Plata o Charcas in 1609, the newly formed diocese belonged to the sphere of influence of the Archdiocese of Lima . Over time, various ecclesiastical orders, for example Jesuits and Franciscans, settled there and established monasteries. In 1924 the archbishopric was named Archdiocese of Sucre .
In 1622 King Philip III signed an order to establish a royal university. By a bull by Pope Gregory XV. From the year 1623 additionally legitimized, the foundation could call itself "royal and papal". In 1624, the local Jesuit chief Juan Frías de Harrán appeared as the founder, and the original staff was also recruited from the ranks of the padres. Almost inevitably, with the Asia missionary San Francisco Xavier , a Jesuit was named after the Universidad Mayor Real Y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca . The range of courses initially included theology, philosophy, Latin and the language of the Indians, Aymara .
- independence
After independence from Spain in 1825, the city was in honor of Mariscal Antonio Jose de Sucre in Sucre renamed and capital of the new State of Bolivia.
Due to the economic decline of Potosí and poor connections with the rest of the country, Sucre was abandoned as the seat of government in 1899 in favor of La Paz . But it remained the constitutional capital of the country and houses the Supreme Court (Corte Suprema de Justicia) .
Location and sights
Sucre is located at around 2800 m , has a very pleasant, temperate climate and, with its rich, well-kept squares and parks, is one of the most beautiful cities in South America.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site
The old town of Sucre with its white buildings is considered to be one of the best preserved examples of a colonial city in South America and is laid out in the typical checkerboard pattern. In 1991 the old town was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as an ensemble . UNESCO justified this with the large number of well-preserved houses from the 18th century as well as the fact that later buildings with inner courtyards were built while maintaining the style of Spanish colonial architecture. Early buildings such as the churches of San Lazaro (1544) and San Francisco (1581) built by the first settlers are also protected . The fact that the Bolivian authorities had already issued a far-reaching construction ban on the adjacent hills in 1988 and started a program to reforest them also contributed to the recognition.
- Buildings
The Casa de la Libertad represents the historical building complex in which Bolivia's declaration of independence was signed in 1825. The main salon is still in the style of the time in which it housed the revolutionaries of the time. In the museum the first national flags are kept, as well as all those documents that document the historical events around the achievement of independence.
The convent la Recoleta was founded in 1601 by the Franciscans and is surrounded by square, circled with stone pillars reinforced corridors courtyards in which are lovely gardens with roses and geraniums created. The paths facing the restored chapel lead to beautiful choir stalls .
- Museums
The weaving art of the local indigenous people in the area (Tarabuco) is documented in the textile museum . In the nearby limestone mining area (only accessible by taxi) you can see the best preserved dinosaur tracks in the world, spread over several square kilometers .
The Museo de los Niños Tanga Tanga has interactive exhibitions on the topics of Bolivian culture, health, the environment, science and renewable energies.
The Virgin Mary, who is venerated in Sucre, has a special place in Bolivia. Women who no longer want children bring a doll to Virgo and ask her to stop having children. Other women who would like to have children go to her and take a doll with them and ask her to give her the child's blessing.
traffic
Although the city is well located between all the larger cities in the country as the crow flies, it is relatively remote in terms of traffic, as the road network is poorly developed in the difficult, mountainous terrain.
The newly built "Alcantarí" airport is 25 km southeast of the city. From here there are flight connections to the other larger cities such as La Paz , Cochabamba and Santa Cruz . The old airport "Juana Azurduy de Padilla" near the city center is no longer served.
There are bus connections to all cities in the country, to La Paz, Cochabamba, Potosí , Uyuni , Tarija and Santa Cruz.
There is a railway line to Potosí on which a Ferrobus runs three times a week . It takes much longer than the bus on the road, but instead offers a scenic route winding through the mountains. The railway line originally continued eastwards to Tarabuco , but this section was closed.
Educational institutions
The Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca (USFX) was founded in 1624 and is therefore 24 years older than the well-known Harvard University. In addition to natural, social and economic sciences, the range of courses also includes technology, law, languages and medicine.
The Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar (UASB) was founded in 1985 by the Andean Community to promote the integration of the Andean countries in the field of university education. In addition to the headquarters in Sucre, there are national headquarters in Quito ( Ecuador ) and Caracas ( Venezuela ).
population
The city's population has increased several times over in the past 65 years:
year | Residents | source |
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1950 | 40 128 | census |
1976 | 63 625 | census |
1992 | 131 769 | census |
2001 | 193 876 | census |
2012 | 237 480 | census |
Climate table
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Sucre
Source: wetterkontor.de
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Town twinning
sons and daughters of the town
- Jaime de Zudáñez (1772–1832), independence fighter and politician
- Juana Azurduy de Padilla (1780–1862), Latin American guerrilla leader in the fight against the Spaniards
- Mariano Enrique Calvo (1782–1842), President of Bolivia from July 9, 1841 to September 22, 1841
- Hilarión Daza (1840–1894), President of Bolivia from 1876 to 1879
- Belisario Boeto (1841–1900), lawyer and politician
- Hernando Siles Reyes (1882–1942), President of Bolivia 1926–1930 and founder of the Partido Nacionalista (PN)
- Cleto Loayza Gumiel (1888–1968), Bishop of Potosí
- Adolfo Costa du Rels (1891–1980), writer
- José María Velasco Maidana (1900–1989), composer and director
- Jorge Ruiz (* 1924), film pioneer, documentary filmmaker and cameraman
- David Padilla (1927-2016), military; 1978–1979 de facto President of the Republic of Bolivia
- Jorge Gallardo Lozada (* 1934), writer and politician
- Edmundo Luis Flavio Abastoflor Montero (* 1943), Archbishop of La Paz
- Osvaldo Zambrana (* 1981), chess grandmaster
Web links
- Website of the municipality of Sucre (Spanish)
- Website of the University of San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca (Spanish)
- Website of the German-Bolivian Cultural Institute in Sucre (ICBA) (German, Spanish and English)
- Relief map of the Sucre region 1: 250,000 (PDF; 11.79 MB)
- Municipio Sucre - General Maps No. 10101
- Municipio Sucre - detailed map and population data (PDF; 738 kB) ( Spanish )
- Departamento Chuquisaca - social data of the municipalities (PDF; 4.21 MB) ( Spanish )
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
Individual evidence
- ^ History and administration of the Real Audienca de Charcas (Spanish, accessed February 27, 2011)
- ↑ http://usfx.info/edif/index.php?id=0&pag=163&ex=yes Homepage of the University of Sucre (Spanish) March 5, 2011
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Regalsky (2010): Political Processes and the Reconfiguration of the State in Bolivia in Latin American Perspectives 37 (3), p. 46
- ↑ Historic City of Sucre . In: whc.unesco.org
- ↑ Homepage of the Museo de los Niños Tanga Tanga (English)
- ↑ Demographic Yearbook 1955, page 189
- ↑ Thomas Brinkhoff: City Population
- ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadística Bolivia (INE) 1992
- ^ INE - Instituto Nacional de Estadística Bolivia 2001
- ↑ INE - Instituto Nacional de Estadística Bolivia 2012 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.