Sucre

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Sucre
panorama
panorama
Basic data
Residents (state) 237,480 pop. (2012 census)
rank Rank 6
height 2808  m
Telephone code (+591) 4
Coordinates 19 ° 3 ′  S , 65 ° 16 ′  W Coordinates: 19 ° 3 ′  S , 65 ° 16 ′  W
Sucre (Bolivia)
Sucre
Sucre
politics
Department Chuquisaca
province Oropeza Province
mayor Aideé Nava
Homepage of Sucre

Sucre [ ˈsukre ], the constitutional capital of Bolivia and the seat of the Supreme Court, is located in the central southern part of the country and is the capital of the Chuquisaca department .

The city has been named after the revolutionary leader Antonio José de Sucre since 1839 . She is known for her chocolate specialties.

history

Sucre was founded in 1538 by Pedro Anzurez Marques de Campo Redondo as Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo and was briefly known as La Plata and Charcas and in Quechua as Chuquisaca . Today's Bolivia was named La Plata for its wealth in silver in the 18th century (“plata” means “silver” or “wealth” in general) - the Río de la Plata is also named after this because the export ports for silver were there.

Colonial times

La Plata benefited economically from its proximity to Potosí and acted as a cultural, administrative and religious center.

In 1559, on the orders of King Philip II, the Real Audiencia de Charcas was set up in La Plata, with competences in matters of judicial and financial matters as well as general administration. In the beginning, these audiencia were subordinate to areas from Cusco to Buenos Aires, in which, however, their own audiencias were gradually established. After an administrative reform, the four Intendencias La Plata, Potosí, Cochabamba and La Paz were administered from La Plata from 1782 , and the Intendencia Puno between 1784 and 1796.

La Plata became the seat of a bishop in 1552, who was responsible for areas formerly managed by the diocese of Cuzco as the diocese of La Plata o Charcas . Construction of the cathedral began in 1559 . Until the elevation to the Archdiocese of La Plata o Charcas in 1609, the newly formed diocese belonged to the sphere of influence of the Archdiocese of Lima . Over time, various ecclesiastical orders, for example Jesuits and Franciscans, settled there and established monasteries. In 1924 the archbishopric was named Archdiocese of Sucre .

In 1622 King Philip III signed an order to establish a royal university. By a bull by Pope Gregory XV. From the year 1623 additionally legitimized, the foundation could call itself "royal and papal". In 1624, the local Jesuit chief Juan Frías de Harrán appeared as the founder, and the original staff was also recruited from the ranks of the padres. Almost inevitably, with the Asia missionary San Francisco Xavier , a Jesuit was named after the Universidad Mayor Real Y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca . The range of courses initially included theology, philosophy, Latin and the language of the Indians, Aymara .

independence

After independence from Spain in 1825, the city was in honor of Mariscal Antonio Jose de Sucre in Sucre renamed and capital of the new State of Bolivia.

Due to the economic decline of Potosí and poor connections with the rest of the country, Sucre was abandoned as the seat of government in 1899 in favor of La Paz . But it remained the constitutional capital of the country and houses the Supreme Court (Corte Suprema de Justicia) .

Location and sights

Sucre is located at around 2800  m , has a very pleasant, temperate climate and, with its rich, well-kept squares and parks, is one of the most beautiful cities in South America.

UNESCO World Heritage Site

The old town of Sucre with its white buildings is considered to be one of the best preserved examples of a colonial city in South America and is laid out in the typical checkerboard pattern. In 1991 the old town was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as an ensemble . UNESCO justified this with the large number of well-preserved houses from the 18th century as well as the fact that later buildings with inner courtyards were built while maintaining the style of Spanish colonial architecture. Early buildings such as the churches of San Lazaro (1544) and San Francisco (1581) built by the first settlers are also protected . The fact that the Bolivian authorities had already issued a far-reaching construction ban on the adjacent hills in 1988 and started a program to reforest them also contributed to the recognition.

Casa de la Libertad
La Recoleta Monastery
Buildings

The Casa de la Libertad represents the historical building complex in which Bolivia's declaration of independence was signed in 1825. The main salon is still in the style of the time in which it housed the revolutionaries of the time. In the museum the first national flags are kept, as well as all those documents that document the historical events around the achievement of independence.

The convent la Recoleta was founded in 1601 by the Franciscans and is surrounded by square, circled with stone pillars reinforced corridors courtyards in which are lovely gardens with roses and geraniums created. The paths facing the restored chapel lead to beautiful choir stalls .

Museums

The weaving art of the local indigenous people in the area (Tarabuco) is documented in the textile museum . In the nearby limestone mining area (only accessible by taxi) you can see the best preserved dinosaur tracks in the world, spread over several square kilometers .

The Museo de los Niños Tanga Tanga has interactive exhibitions on the topics of Bolivian culture, health, the environment, science and renewable energies.

The Virgin Mary, who is venerated in Sucre, has a special place in Bolivia. Women who no longer want children bring a doll to Virgo and ask her to stop having children. Other women who would like to have children go to her and take a doll with them and ask her to give her the child's blessing.

traffic

Although the city is well located between all the larger cities in the country as the crow flies, it is relatively remote in terms of traffic, as the road network is poorly developed in the difficult, mountainous terrain.

The newly built "Alcantarí" airport is 25 km southeast of the city. From here there are flight connections to the other larger cities such as La Paz , Cochabamba and Santa Cruz . The old airport "Juana Azurduy de Padilla" near the city center is no longer served.

There are bus connections to all cities in the country, to La Paz, Cochabamba, Potosí , Uyuni , Tarija and Santa Cruz.

There is a railway line to Potosí on which a Ferrobus runs three times a week . It takes much longer than the bus on the road, but instead offers a scenic route winding through the mountains. The railway line originally continued eastwards to Tarabuco , but this section was closed.

Educational institutions

The Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca (USFX) was founded in 1624 and is therefore 24 years older than the well-known Harvard University. In addition to natural, social and economic sciences, the range of courses also includes technology, law, languages ​​and medicine.

The Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar (UASB) was founded in 1985 by the Andean Community to promote the integration of the Andean countries in the field of university education. In addition to the headquarters in Sucre, there are national headquarters in Quito ( Ecuador ) and Caracas ( Venezuela ).

population

The city's population has increased several times over in the past 65 years:

year Residents source
1950 40 128 census
1976 63 625 census
1992 131 769 census
2001 193 876 census
2012 237 480 census

Climate table

Sucre
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
150
 
20th
13
 
 
126
 
19th
12
 
 
108
 
19th
12
 
 
46
 
19th
12
 
 
10
 
20th
10
 
 
4th
 
19th
9
 
 
2
 
19th
8th
 
 
14th
 
20th
10
 
 
23
 
21st
11
 
 
56
 
21st
12
 
 
72
 
21st
13
 
 
124
 
20th
13
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Sucre
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 19.5 19.0 19.4 19.3 19.6 19.1 19.4 19.9 20.6 20.8 21.2 20.0 O 19.8
Min. Temperature (° C) 12.8 12.3 12.2 11.6 10.2 8.5 8.3 9.9 11.2 12.4 12.8 12.9 O 11.3
Precipitation ( mm ) 150 126 108 46 10 4th 2 14th 23 56 72 124 Σ 735
Humidity ( % ) 67 70 68 62 46 43 39 44 46 47 52 60 O 53.6
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
19.5
12.8
19.0
12.3
19.4
12.2
19.3
11.6
19.6
10.2
19.1
8.5
19.4
8.3
19.9
9.9
20.6
11.2
20.8
12.4
21.2
12.8
20.0
12.9
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
150
126
108
46
10
4th
2
14th
23
56
72
124
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: wetterkontor.de

Town twinning

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Commons : Sucre  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Sucre  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ History and administration of the Real Audienca de Charcas (Spanish, accessed February 27, 2011)
  2. http://usfx.info/edif/index.php?id=0&pag=163&ex=yes Homepage of the University of Sucre (Spanish) March 5, 2011
  3. Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Regalsky (2010): Political Processes and the Reconfiguration of the State in Bolivia in Latin American Perspectives 37 (3), p. 46 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lap.sagepub.com
  4. Historic City of Sucre . In: whc.unesco.org
  5. Homepage of the Museo de los Niños Tanga Tanga (English)
  6. Demographic Yearbook 1955, page 189
  7. Thomas Brinkhoff: City Population
  8. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadística Bolivia (INE) 1992
  9. ^ INE - Instituto Nacional de Estadística Bolivia 2001
  10. INE - Instituto Nacional de Estadística Bolivia 2012 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / censosbolivia.ine.gob.bo