Huaraz

This article covers the city of Huaraz. For information on the district of the same name, see District Huaraz , for information on the province of the same name, see Province of Huaraz .

Huaraz
Coordinates: 9 ° 32 ′  S , 77 ° 32 ′  W Huaraz​ Huaraz on the map of Peru
Basic data
Country	Peru
region	Ancash
province	Huaraz
City foundation	January 20, 1574
Residents	53,733  (2017)
- in the metropolitan area	119,000
City insignia
Detailed data
height	3052  m
Waters	Río Santa , Río Quilcay
prefix	(43)
Time zone	UTC -5
City Presidency	Eliseo Rori Mautino Ángeles (2019-2022)
Website	munihuaraz.gob.pe
Plazuela Belen in Huaraz

Huaraz (55,000 inhabitants; 119,000 inhabitants in the agglomeration ) is a city of the South American Andean state of Peru and the capital of the Ancash region , about 350 km north of Lima in the Andes ( 3100  m ). The city has merged with the neighboring urban area of ​​the Independencia district to form the Huaraz agglomeration.

location

Huaraz is the center of the agriculturally important valley of Callejón de Huaylas and the starting point for the adjacent high mountain region Cordillera Blanca with Peru's highest mountain Huascarán (6768 m). It is located at the confluence of the Rio Quilcay with the Rio Santa . Huaraz was hit four times in the 20th century by avalanches that overran the city from the Cordillera Blanca.

and display information about the image

Cordillera Blanca as seen from Huaraz (3100 m). In the north behind Huaraz down the Santa Valley you can see the Nevado Huascaran (6778 m, some clouds), in the east (right) are Vallunaraju (5680 m), Ocshapalca (5888 m), Ranrapalca (6162 m) and Churup (5495 m).

history

Pre-Columbian time

Seven kilometers north of the city is Willkawayin , a 1000-year-old temple and fortification made of heavy megalithic cuboids. Due to the structure of the buildings and the exterior and interior decorations, it is believed that Willkawayin was built during the time of the Wari culture , one of the pre- Inca regional cultures of South America that struck the coast from around AD 600 to 1100 and ruled the western Andean region of present-day Peru .

Modern times

After the conquest of Peru by the Spaniards, Alonso de Santoyo founded a settlement and mission station called “Pampa Huarás de San Sebastián” in 1574, which had the status of a doctrina (literally “doctrine”, used as a place name in the sense of “place of doctrine”). This is how today's city developed.

Since 1899 the city has been the seat of the Diocese of Huaraz .

In 1932 Huaraz was one of the scenes of the failed uprisings of supporters of the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA) against the rule of General Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro.

Destruction in 1941

In the early morning of December 13, 1941, a huge ice tower crashed into Lake Palcacocha, 23 km northeast of the city at 4566  m , and led to the rupture of the moraine wall that bordered the lake towards the valley. The tidal wave also broke through the downstream Jiracocha Lake, tumbled down the Cohup Valley, tearing earth, plants and rocks with it. The mudslide reached the city of Huaraz within 15 minutes, where around 6:45 a.m. around 400,000 m³ of debris destroyed large parts of the city and killed 5,000 to 7,000 people.

Destruction 1970

Huaraz was devastated by an earthquake on May 31, 1970 , killing an estimated 10,000 people. Almost the entire old architecture of the city was destroyed. The city was completely rebuilt.

tourism

Huaraz is the largest town in the valley of the Río Santa and an important starting point for hikes in the Cordillera Blanca.

economy

Huaraz is the trading center of an agricultural area with wheat , corn and potato cultivation. Nearby is silver , cinnabar and coal mined. There are also weaving mills and brewing industries.

climate

The city, which is about 3052 m above sea level, has a pleasantly cool climate; but it never gets so cold that water freezes.

Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Huaraz Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 19th 19th 19th 20th 19th 20th 19th 20th 20th 21st 20th 21st O 19.8 Min. Temperature (° C) 7th 7th 6th 5 3 1 0 3 4th 6th 6th 7th O 4.6 Precipitation ( mm ) 36 69 54 33 6th 0 0 0 9 33 42 39 Σ 321 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 5 4th 6th 7th 8th 8th 8th 8th 7th 7th 7th 5 O 6.7 Rainy days ( d ) 8th 10 11 5 2 0 0 0 2 7th 7th 8th Σ 60 T e m p e r a t u r 19th 7th 19th 7th 19th 6th 20th 5 19th 3 20th 1 19th 0 20th 3 20th 4th 21st 6th 20th 6th 21st 7th Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec N i e d e r s c h l a g 36 69 54 33 6th 0 0 0 9 33 42 39   Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: http://www.klima.org/peru/klima-huaraz/ , http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Huaraz-weather-averages/Ancash/PE.aspx

literature

• Alberto Gridilla: Huaraz. Apuntes y documents for the historia de la ciudad . La Epoca, Huaraz 1933.
• Rafael Varón: Cofradías de indios y poder local en el Perú colonial: Huaraz, siglo XVII . In: Allpanchis. Revista del Instituto de Pastoral Andina , ISSN  0252-8835 , Vol. 17 (1982), Special Issue 20: Religión, mito y ritual en el Perú , pp. 127-145.

Web links

Commons : Huaraz  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Project Huaraz in Peru ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

Footnotes

1. ↑ José Dammert Bellido : Doctrinas y Curas de Ancash . In: Diócesis de Huaraz (ed.): Cien años de vida diocesana, 15 de mayo 1899-1999 . Huaraz 1999.
2. ^ Rafael Varón: Cofradías de indios y poder local en el Perú colonial: Huaraz, siglo XVII . In: Allpanchis , 17 : 127-145 (1982).
3. ↑ Diócesis de Huaraz (ed.): Cien años de vida diocesana, 15 de mayo 1899-1999 . Huaraz 1999.
4. ^ Augusto Alba Herrera: La revolución aprista de 1932: Huaraz-Ancash . Ediciones Instituto de Desarrollo Gerencial (IDG), Lima 2006.
5. ↑ Huaraz , in: Encyclopædia Britannica online.