List of earthquakes in Germany

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The earthquake zones in Germany

This list of earthquakes in Germany lists earthquakes with a magnitude of 4.5 or more on the Richter scale or intensity VII or in the case of particular supraregional interest that occurred in the area of ​​today's Germany or the effects of which affected Germany.

overview

Germany itself lies in the middle of the Eurasian continental plate . The next plate boundary, near which most of the earthquakes occur, is relatively far away. This means that the earthquakes in Germany are relatively weak and are only minor events in an international comparison. Nevertheless, they affect the inhabitants of the earthquake zones in Germany (see map) and can cause severe damage as well as deaths and injuries.

The centers of earthquake frequency in Germany are in the Cologne Bay earthquake area , south of Tübingen in the Swabian Alb near Albstadt and in the southern Rhine Graben and in the vicinity of Gera .

Earthquake record

Until around 1930, the strength of earthquakes was described exclusively with the help of macroseismic scales , which classify earthquakes based on their visible effects, i.e. assess their intensity. The best-known example of such an intensity scale is the Mercalli scale . In the case of historical earthquakes, records of the number of victims and descriptions of earthquake damage are known, from which the intensity can be roughly determined. The damage depends very much on the local conditions; Depending on the subsoil, the construction of buildings and other influences, the effects can differ greatly in a very confined space. The objective strength of an earthquake, i.e. the energy released by it, could only be calculated from the recorded seismograms after the development of seismometers and further research .

Seismograms have been available for all earthquakes with a magnitude ≥ 7.0 since around 1896. Since the beginning of the 20th century, earthquakes have been recorded and published in national and international catalogs. The systematic recording of all earthquakes by means of instrumental measurements was not started in Europe until between 1950 and 1970, depending on the country.

A conversion of intensities into magnitudes is possible with experience-based formulas, but usually only with greater uncertainties. This means that a direct comparison of instrumentally recorded and historical earthquakes is only possible to a limited extent.

list

Legend:
T = Depth of the earthquake center in km
M. = Magnitude
I. = Intensity
Q = Source of information
date epicenter description T M. I. Q
  1073 Denmark Earthquake in southern Denmark (the territory of the Duchy of Schleswig essentially comprised what is now northern Schleswig (Denmark) and southern Schleswig (Germany)). -
Nov 24, 1346 Gera Earthquake near Gera - - VIII
Oct 18, 1356 Basel According to historical data, between 100 and 3,000 people were killed in the Basel earthquake in Switzerland in 1356 right on the German border. - 6.2-6.9 XI - X
May 24, 1366 Gera Earthquake near Gera - - VII-VIII
Sep 15 1590 south of Neulengbach (Austria) The Neulengbach earthquake in Lower Austria was also felt in Saxony . In the Silesian town of Frankenstein (today Ząbkowice Śląskie ), just under 300 km from the epicenter of the quake, a steeple, known today as the Leaning Tower of Frankenstein, sloped . - 6.0 IX
Feb 14, 1648 Holstein Elbmarschen / Uetersen The natural disaster in Holstein was an unusual catastrophe for this latitude: There was an earthquake with conflagrations and at the same time a hurricane with the fasting evening flood. Many buildings between Hamburg and Glückstadt were devastated, eleven church towers were blown over or collapsed. Many people were killed in the process. Laconic note from the Haseldorfer Marsch: "An excellent storm wind" Chronicler Camerer: "The storm that raged in this area at this time is said to have had much of an earthquake."
0March 8 1728 Lahr / Kenzingen State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining Information 12: Freiburg im Breisgau - Geology and City History
Feb. 18, 1756 Düren Two people were killed in the earthquake near Düren in 1756 . The tower of the Augustinian Church in Aachen tilted and later had to be demolished. Several houses collapsed in Aachen, 300 chimneys fell down. A barracks in Jülich was destroyed, cracks opened up in the city wall of Düren and in the walls of Nideggen Castle and Wenau Monastery. A tower in the city wall of Bad Münstereifel collapsed. 14-16 6.4 VIII
03rd Sep 1770 Alfhausen On September 3rd, an earthquake of magnitude VII occurred in Alfhausen. It is considered to be the strongest known earthquake in northern Germany. VII
July 29, 1846 1 kilometer west of St. Goar Earthquake at 9:24 p.m. local time. Damaged buildings 11 VII
06th Mar 1872 Schmoelln The Central German earthquake caused damage to buildings, such as the masonry of Posterstein Castle . 5.5
Aug 26, 1878 Tollhausen The Tollhausen earthquake claimed one death and caused gable collapses, wall cracks and chimney damage. 8th 5.9 VIII
Jan. 22, 1896 Lenzkirch The quake occurred at 12:46 am. The epicenter was in Lenzkircher Graben, a side branch of the Bonndorfer Graben, and was perceived in Baden and Switzerland. VI - VII
Nov 16, 1911 Albstadt-Ebingen The quake happened at 10:26 p.m. and caused considerable property damage in southern Germany. 6,250 buildings were affected, the total damage was around 750,000 marks. The seven-second quake could be felt from Braunschweig to Tuscany. In Constance, the top of the minster tower fell down, as did statues on the Reichspost building. 10 6.1 VIII
May 28, 1943 Space Albstadt ( Tailfingen - Onstmettingen - Pfeffingen ) 9 5.6 VIII
14 Mar 1951 Euskirchen 9 5.2 VII-VIII
19 Sep 1965 Neustadt in the Black Forest 18th 4.6
03rd Sep 1978 Tailfingen The earthquake in the Swabian Alb on a Sunday morning at 6:08 a.m. caused damage amounting to approx. 275 million DM , especially in Albstadt and the surrounding area. Among other things, there was severe damage to Hohenzollern Castle . 6th 5.7 VII-VIII
13 Mar 1989 Völkershausen (Thuringia) The Völkershausen mountain strike claimed six injuries; almost 80% of the local development was damaged, which resulted in a large-scale demolition (including all historical buildings). Mining quake. 1 5.6 VIII-IX
Apr 13, 1992 near Roermond (Netherlands) In the 1992 earthquake in Roermond, houses shook, chimneys and roof tiles fell, trees fell. More than 30 people were injured, and the damage to property on the German side was estimated at around 150 million Deutschmarks. 18th 5.9 VII
Sep 11 1996 Teutschenthal near Halle-Neustadt no injuries, mining-related quake 1 5.6 VI-VII
Oct 21, 1997 Lorch (Württemberg) no injuries, the tremors were felt from Stuttgart to Ulm 9 3.7 V
June 21, 2001 Lauterbach (Warndt) Mine-related earthquake, no damage in Saarland, a tunnel collapses in Freimingen-Merlenbach , France , 7 miners, some seriously injured, one person dies - 3.8 -
June 23, 2001 Kerkrade near Aachen 6 people injured, several chimneys collapsed - 4.0 -
July 22, 2002 Between Alsdorf and Übach-Palenberg no injuries, damage to the mosaic of the Herz-Jesu-Kirche (Aachen) 10 4.8
Feb 22, 2003 Vosges 12 5.4 VII-VIII
22 Mar 2003 Zollernalb district Windows broke and tiles fell from roofs 4.2-4.5
Oct 20, 2004 Neuenkirchen (Lueneburg Heath) No injuries, no other damage. Quite long tremor (approx. 30 seconds) 5 4.5
0Dec 5, 2004 Waldkirch im Breisgau Slight superficial damage 12 5.2
Feb 23, 2008 Saarwellingen Power failures and building damage, mining-related earthquakes, led to an indefinite stop in mining in the Saar area and to the end of coal mining in Saarland 4.0-4.5
0May 5, 2009 Southern Black Forest northeast of Lörrach Vibrations were felt in Baden-Württemberg, Alsace and neighboring Switzerland 4.5
Feb 14, 2011 a little north of Nassau Occasional cracks in house walls, some escape from houses. (see also article in Wikinews ) 12 4.4
04th Sep 2011 Bad Brambach - epicenter near Nový Kostel (German Neukirchen ) (CZ) The quake was clearly felt within a radius of 100 km, so u. a. in Chemnitz, Zwickau and Altenburg. Nothing is known about damage. 4.0
08 Sep 2011 at Goch 4.6
Feb 11, 2012 at train Shocks in the border towns of Lörrach , Konstanz and Waldshut-Tiengen 19th 4.0
17th May 2014 near Darmstadt Vibration waves lasting 10 seconds can be felt within a radius of 30-40 km, witnesses report a bang and swaying high-rise buildings, fire departments report damage to more than 70 houses, and escape from the houses. 6th 4.2 VII
May 31, 2014 Bad Brambach - epicenter near Nový Kostel (CZ) The quake could be felt within a radius of 150 km. a. in the state capitals of Thuringia ( Erfurt ) and Saxony ( Dresden ). The tremors were also felt in Nuremberg and Sebnitz. Minor damage was reported on the Czech side, such as cracks in walls and a collapsed chimney. 5 4.5 -
0Nov 4, 2019 Swabian Alb - epicenter near Albstadt The epicenter was a little north of Albstadt. The earthquake was felt as far as Schaffhausen . 3.8-3.9

See also

literature

  • Emil Pauls : On the history of the earthquakes of the 17th and 18th centuries in the Aachen area. In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine . Issue 56, Cologne 1893, pp. 91–115 ( archive.org ).
  • Götz Schneider: Earthquakes - An introduction for geoscientists and civil engineers. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-8274-1525-X .
  • G. Grünthal: Earthquakes and earthquake hazard in Germany and in the European context. In: Geographie und Schule 151, 2004, pp. 14-23 ( gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de PDF; 1.2 MB).
  • G. Leydecker: Earthquake Catalog for Germany and adjacent areas for the years 800 to 2008. (Earthquake catalog for Germany and Adjacent areas for the years 800 to 2008). In: Geological Yearbook E 59. pp. 1–198; 12 figs., 5 tabs., 9 appendices, 1 CD; BGR Hannover 2011 ( update 2014 ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ planet-wissen.de
  2. ↑ Götz 1975, p. 31
  3. ↑ Cristian Kuß: Yearbook of memorable natural events in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein from the eleventh to the seventeenth century (page 1)
  4. ↑ Christian Kuß : Yearbook of memorable natural events in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein from the eleventh to the seventeenth century (page 2)
  5. ↑ a b Earthquake catalog for the Federal Republic of Germany with peripheral areas for the years 800 - 2002 by Günter Leydecker 2003, data file : bgr.de , Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hanover
  6. ↑ altbasel.ch
  7. ↑ burgenlexikon.eu ( Memento of the original from January 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.burgenlexikon.eu
  8. ↑ ngdc.noaa.gov
  9. ↑ earthquake.ethz.ch ( Memento of the original from September 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.earthquake.ethz.ch
  10. ↑ noezsv.at
  11. ↑ zamg.ac.at ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zamg.ac.at
  12. ↑ frankenstein-schlesien.de
  13. ↑ Johann Friedrich Camerer : Mixed historical-political news in letters from some strange areas of the duchies Schleßwig and Hollstein, their natural history and other rare antiquities (Flensburg and Leipzig 1758–1762)
  14. ↑ Johann Rist : Holstein don't forget to eat . [Description of the earthquake in Holstein] Hamburg, 1648 reader.digitale-sammlungen.de
  15. ↑ p. 25  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.lgrb.uni-freiburg.de  
  16. ↑ a b general-anzeiger-bonn.de ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de
  17. ↑ http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:230168:1/component/escidoc:230167/4400.pdf Meier, R., Grünthal, G. (1992): A reassessment of the earthquake from September 3, 1770 near Alfhausen (Lower Saxony). - Osnabrücker Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, 18, 67–80.
  18. ↑ Rhineland-Palatinate Bibliography
  19. ↑ idw-online.de
  20. ↑ burg-posterstein.de
  21. ↑ mdr.de ( Memento of the original from December 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mdr.de
  22. ↑ geowiss.uni-hamburg.de ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.geowiss.uni-hamburg.de
  23. ↑ welt.de
  24. ↑ bild.de
  25. ^ The earthquake of January 22nd, 1896 according to reports received from Baden presented by Dr. K. Futterer; (Separate print from Volume XII of the Negotiations of the Natural Science Association); Karlsruhe Printed by G. Braunschen Hofbuchdruckerei 1896
  26. ↑ suedkurier.de
  27. ↑ aktuelles.uni-konstanz.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.aktuelles.uni-konstanz.de  
  28. ↑ springerlink.com
  29. ↑ State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining Information 12: Freiburg im Breisgau - Geology and City History ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 25 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lgrb.uni-freiburg.de
  30. ↑ Swiss Seismological Service : Earthquake Catalog, details on earthquakes 1965/09/19 08: 10: 44.0 UTC
  31. ↑ lgrb.uni-freiburg.de ( Memento of the original dated August 30, 2016 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lgrb.uni-freiburg.de
  32. ↑ Jochen Braunmiller, Torsten Dahm and Klaus-Peter Bonjer: Source mechanism of the 1992 Roermond earthquake from surface-wave inversion of regional data. In Geophys. J. Int. 116/1994, no. 3, pp. 663-672 (PDF; 0.9 MB)
  33. ↑ spiegel.de
  34. ↑ lgrb-bw.de
  35. ↑ rp-online.de
  36. ↑ faz.net
  37. ↑ faz.net
  38. ↑ im.nrw.de ( Memento of the original from March 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.im.nrw.de
  39. ↑ a b saevert.de
  40. ↑ bgr.bund.de
  41. ↑ geofon.gfz-potsdam.de
  42. ↑ spiegel.de
  43. ↑ stern.de
  44. ↑ geofon.gfz-potsdam.de
  45. ↑ mdr.de ( Memento of the original from November 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Magnitude 4 earthquake in Vogtland @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mdr.de
  46. ↑ The world of nature and the environment; Natural disaster: primeval volcanoes-shake-the-Vogtland-hundreds-of-times.
  47. ↑ geofon.gfz-potsdam.de
  48. ↑ geofon.gfz-potsdam.de
  49. ↑ geofon.gfz-potsdam.de
  50. ↑ Earthquake of magnitude 4.2 with an epicenter in the south of Darmstadt ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.echo-online.de
  51. ↑ Earthquake in South Hesse causes damage ( Memento from May 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  52. ↑ mdr.de
  53. ↑ geofon.gfz-potsdam.de
  54. ↑ German press agency: earthquake with a magnitude of 3.8 shakes the Swabian Alb. In: schwaebische.de . November 4, 2019, accessed November 4, 2019 .
  55. ↑ Keystone-SDA: earthquake of magnitude 3.9 in southern Germany - tremors also felt in Switzerland. In: nzz.ch . November 4, 2019, accessed November 4, 2019 .