Aichi prefecture

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Aichi-ken
愛 知 県
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Basic data
Administrative headquarters : Nagoya
Region : Chūbu
Main island : Honshu
Area : 5,173.06  km²
Water content: 5.4  %
Residents : 7,549,594
(June 1, 2019)
Population density : 1459 inhabitants per km²
Counties : 7th
Municipalities : 54
ISO 3166-2 : JP-23
Governor : Hideaki Ōmura
Website: www.pref.aichi.jp
Symbols
Prefecture flag :
Flag of Aichi Prefecture
Prefecture tree : Acer pycnanthum
Prefecture flower : Iris laevigata
Vogel prefecture : Otus scops japonicus
Fish prefecture : Marsupenaeus japonicus
Prefecture song : Warera ga Aichi
("We are Aichi")

The Aichi Prefecture ( Jap. 愛知県 , Aichi-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan . It is located in the Chūbu region on the island of Honshū . The seat of the prefecture administration is in Nagoya .

geography

Aichi Prefecture is located near the center of the Japanese chain of islands . In the south are the Ise and Mikawa Bay . Aichi is bordered by Shizuoka Prefecture to the east, Nagano Prefecture to the northeast , Gifu Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture to the west . The prefecture measures 106 km from east to west and 94 km from north to south. Aichi has a total area of ​​5172.92 km² which corresponds to about 1.37% of the total area of ​​Japan.

The outermost border points of the prefecture are:

  • in the north: 35 ° 25'30 - Inuyama city
  • in the east: 137 ° 50'17 "ö.L. - Toyone municipality (village)
  • in the south: 34 ° 34'41 "- City of Tahara
  • in the west: 136 ° 40'15 "east - town of Aisai

Historically and geographically, Aichi is divided into two parts. In the west is the Owari region ( 尾張 地方 , Owari-chihō ) and in the east the Mikawa region ( 三河 地方 , Mikawa-chihō ), which go back to the historical provinces of Owari and Mikawa . Owari consists of the Nōbi plain in the west - the second largest in Japan - created by the Kiso River , the Owari hill country in the east and the Chita Peninsula in the south. In contrast, Mikawa consists of little flat land, the Okazaki Plain in the southwest and the Toyohashi Plain with the Atsumi Peninsula as a continuation in the south. Most of Mikawa, however, consists of mountains, such as the Shitara Mountains ( 設 楽 山地 , Shitara-sanchi ) in the northeast and the Yana-Yumihari Mountains ( 八名 ・ 弓 張 山地 , Yana-Yumihari-sanchi ) in the southeast. In the northeast is the Chausuyama as the highest point of the prefecture with a height of 1415 m above sea ​​level .

Due to the Kuroshio current, Aichi has a mild climate, with the Nōbi plain tending to be warmer. In the eastern part, more precipitation falls due to the mountainous character.

history

The area of ​​today's Aichi Prefecture was divided by the provinces Owari and Mikawa in the Japanese Middle Ages . Favored by the favorable location on the traffic route between the eastern provinces and the capital Nara or Kyōto , the region benefits from trade and very early became one of the dominant provinces on Honshū.

The Daimyō Oda Nobunaga (1534–1583) and Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1535–1598), who shaped Japan significantly, came from Owari and Mikawa and ruled over the region. Tokugawa Ieyasu from Okazaki in Mikawa rose to power in 1600 after the Battle of Sekigahara. Ieyasu founded the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1602 , which lasted until the restoration. After the Meiji Restoration , the Han system was abolished and prefectures were established. The provinces of Owari and Mikawa were combined to form Aichi Prefecture.

Today the former provincial names can still be seen in numerous place and train station names as well as on some number plates .

From March 25th to September 25th 2005 the Expo 2005 took place in the prefecture under the motto “Wisdom of Nature” . The exhibition areas were the cities of Seto and Nagakute .

Demographics

With around 7.4 million inhabitants (VZ 2010), Aichi ranks fourth among the most populous prefectures behind Tokyo, Kanagawa and Osaka. The growth rate between 2005 and 2010 was 2.2 percent. Some suburbs of Nagoya saw high growth rates in the early 2000s, the city of Nagakute also grew 11.9 percent between 2005 and 2010, while other parishes in the prefecture shrank double-digit percentages.

Aichi is the country's prefecture with the highest number of residents of Brazilian nationality.

Population development in the prefecture

Census Population - Census Results
Census
year
Total
population
male
population
female
population
Gender
ratio
men to 1000 women
Area
in km 2
Population
density
per km 2
1920 2,089,762 1,033,860 1,055,902 979.1 5055.06 413.40
1925 2,319,494 1,150,325 1,169,169 983.9 5055.06 458.85
1930 2,567,413 1,277,720 1,289,693 990.7 5081.14 505.28
1935 2,862,701 1,418,218 1,444,483 981.8 5081.14 563.40
1940 3,166,592 1,582,580 1,584,012 999.1 5081.14 623.21
1945 2,857,851 1,357,054 1,500,797 904.2 5081.14 562.44
1950 3,390,585 1,649,189 1,741,396 947.0 5049.06 671.53
1955 3,769,209 1,829,729 1,939,480 943.4 5057.55 745.26
1960 4,206,313 2,064,726 2,141,587 964.1 5057.48 831.70
1965 4,798,653 2,382,085 2,416,568 985.7 5064.01 947.60
1970 5,386,163 2,694,991 2,691,172 1001.4 5083.96 1059.44
1975 5,923,569 2,966,388 2,957,181 1003.1 5113.73 1158.37
1980 6,221,638 3.112.306 3,109,332 1001.0 5130.27 1212.73
1985 6,455,172 3,228,724 3,226,448 1000.7 5137.59 1256.46
1990 6,690,603 3,354,827 3,335,776 1005.7 5146.84 1299.94
1995 6,868,336 3,439,180 3,429,156 1002.9 5150.45 1333.54
2000 7,043,300 3,525,698 3,517,602 1002.3 5155.84 1366.08
2005 7,254,704 3,638,994 3,615,710 1006.4 5164.02 1404.86
2010 7.410.719 3,704,220 3,706,499 999.4 5165.04 1434.78
2015 7,483,128 3,740,844 3,742,284 999.6 5172.48 1446.72

Politics and administration

Political groups in the prefecture parliament
(as of May 2019)
      
A total of 102 seats
Nagoya Prefectural Administration

Aichi's governor has been the former Shūgiin MP Hideaki Ōmura since February 2011 , who was elected against candidates from both major parties in 2011 . In February 2019 , with the support of LDP Aichi, DVP , KDP and Kōmeitō , he was confirmed for a third term of office against only one, CPY-supported opponent with over 83% of the vote. At 35.5%, voter turnout remained similarly low as in 2015.

In the Aichi prefecture parliament, the Liberal Democratic Party defended its absolute majority in the regional elections in April 2019 . The CPJ is no longer represented, and the Genzei Nippon of Nagoya's mayor Takashi Kawamura has returned to the prefecture parliament with a member.

Aichi is one of the financially strongest prefectures in the country. At times the “financial strength index ” ( 財政 力 指数 , zaiseiryoku shisū ) was above 1, i.e. H. Aichi was able to cover his theoretically necessary expenses entirely from his own tax resources and therefore received no more funds from the "regional allocation taxes " ( 地方 交付 税 , chihō-kōfu-zei ), which the central state transfers to financially weak prefectures.

Aichi was traditionally considered a stronghold of the center-left or center-right camp: the unions organized in the Dōmei trade union federation and the Democratic Socialist Party (DSP) associated with it . Since the 1990s, when the DSP was absorbed into the NFP and finally the Democratic Party, parts of Aichi and especially Nagoya were considered Minshu Ōkoku , "democratic kingdom", that is, the stronghold of the Democratic Party.

In the national parliament , Aichi is represented by 15 directly elected members in the Shūgiin and eight in the Sangiin . The 15 Shūgiin constituencies in Aichi are (as of August 2019) represented by eight Liberal Democrats, three People's Democrats, three Constitutional Democrats and a non-party former Progressive Democrat in the Shakaihoshō o tatenaosu kokumin kaigi faction . After the 2016 and 2019 elections and the party reshuffle since then (as of August 2019), Aichi has two members each from LDP, DVP, KDP and Kōmeitō in the Sangiin .

economy

Aichi is the most important Japanese industrial region. The prefecture is known for the automotive, aerospace and machine tool industries. Internationally active companies have their headquarters in Aichi:

Bayer , Daimler , Fuji Heavy Industries , Mitsubishi , Pfizer , Sony , Suzuki , UBS and Volkswagen have branches in Aichi.

The legal minimum wage in Aichi is 820 yen from October 2015 to 2016  , making it one of the highest in the country - only in Tokyo (907 ¥), Kanagawa (905 ¥) and Osaka (858 ¥) is it currently higher, in Saitama it is higher also ¥ 820.

traffic

The largest railway company in Aichi is the JR Central as part of the Japan Railways group and the private railway Meitetsu . Aichi is connected to the Japanese high-speed rail network via the Tokaido Shinkansen . Shinkansen stations are in Nagoya , Toyohashi and Mikawa- Anjō .

The motorway network is dense, but due to the high traffic density it is also heavily used. Aichi has the most traffic accidents in Japan after Hokkaidō . The most important are the Tōmei (Tokyo-Nagoya), Meishin (Nagoya-Kobe) and Chūō (Nagoya-Nagano-Tokyo) expressways . In 2005, the Isewangan motorway (Toyota-Yokkaichi) and the Tōkai-Kanjō motorway (Toyota-Gifu) opened and by 2014 the expansion of the Shin-Tōmei motorway (Tokyo-Toyota) in the prefecture should be completed.

On February 17, 2005, the new Chūbu Airport (Chubu-Kokusai-Kuko) opened. The former major airport in Nagoya (Komaki Airport) is now only used for regional flights.

science

There are numerous universities in the prefecture. The largest and most prestigious university is Nagoya State University , where u. a. Ryōji Noyori teaches.

tourism

Well-known tourist destinations are the Toyota plants, the monkey park in Inuyama and the castles in Nagoya and Inuyama. Due to the location of Aichi on the eastern coast, there are numerous protected forest landscapes, in the south there are smaller but beautiful beaches. For example in Hazu (merged with the city of Nishio since April ).

Other attractions in the prefecture include:

  • Atsuta-jingū : an old Shinto note with 1,000-year-old trees and one of the three divine symbols of the Japanese imperial family
  • Cape Irago: westernmost point of the Atsumi Peninsula
  • Inuyama Castle : built in 1537, in Inuyama
  • Meiji Mura : one of the first theme parks in Japan with 63 buildings from the Meiji period, in Inuyama
  • Horaiji Mountain: 684 meters high dormant volcano, in Horai
  • Ninomaru Garden at Nagoya Castle : laid out in 1625, in Nagoya
  • Okazaki Castle , birthplace of Tokugawa Ieyasu , beautiful park and museum (very famous for the cherry blossom in spring and the gigantic fireworks in early August)
  • Tenryū Okumikawa Quasi National Park : extends over the prefectures of Aichi, Shizuoka and Nagano with the 1,415 meter high Chausu-yama, the highest mountain in Aichi
  • Tokugawa Art Museum : Exhibits of historical and contemporary utensils and tools

symbol

The symbol of Aichi Prefecture is a stylized hiragana character ( a ), ( i ) and ( chi ), which was introduced in the 1950s.

Foreign representations and partnerships

In 1972 a representative office for the Aichi prefecture in Hamburg, the Japanese External Trade Organization ( JETRO ), was opened. After moving to Berlin in 1997 , it was dissolved in 2003 and merged with the Paris office.

Aichi Prefecture has partnerships with:

Administrative division

With the introduction of the modern communities in 1889, the Aichi prefecture consisted of an independent city, 23 small towns and 624 villages (in 19 districts). Through incorporations and mergers, the number of communities fell from 264 (1920) to 127 (1955) to 88 in 2000. Since 2012, the prefecture has consisted of 38 independent cities ( Shi ), 14 small towns ( Chō ) and two villages ( Mura ), the latter summarized in seven counties. Three of these districts consist of only one municipality each.

Of the 38 independent cities, five cities have special rights:

  • Nagoya as the prefecture capital is at the same time a "government-designed city" ( 政令 指定 都市 , Seirei shitei toshi )
  • Okazaki, Toyohashi and Toyota are "core cities" ( 中 核 市 , Chūkakushi )
  • Ichinomiya and Kasugai are "special cities" ( 特例 市 , Tokureishi )

In the table below, the districts ( , Gun ) are shown in italics, below each (indented) the small towns ( , Chō ) and villages ( , Mura ) within them. A dependency between rural district and small town can also be seen in the first three digits of the code (1st column). At the beginning of the table are the independent cities ( , Shi ).

The structure of the Aichi prefecture
  • government-designated city
  • independent city (-shi)
  • Small town (-chō)
  • Village (-mura)
  • List of municipalities in Aichi
    code Surname Area (in km²) population Population
    density (inh / km²) 3
    Rōmaji Kanji October 1, 2017 1 October 1, 2019 2 October 1, 2015 3
    23100 Nagoya- shi 名古屋 市 326.45 2,320,361 2,295,638 7032.13
    23201 Toyohashi- shi 豊 橋 市 261.86 373,592 374.765 1431.17
    23202 Okazaki- shi 岡 崎 市 387.20 386,639 381.051 984.12
    23203 Ichinomiya- shi 一 宮 市 113.82 380,235 380,868 3346.23
    23204 Seto- shi 瀬 戸 市 111.40 127,819 129,046 1158.4
    23205 Handa- shi 半 田 市 47.42 117,983 116.908 2465.37
    23206 Kasugai- shi 春日 井 市 92.78 307.180 306.508 3303.6
    23207 Toyokawa- shi 豊 川 市 161.14 183,559 182,436 1132.16
    23208 Tsushima- shi 津 島 市 25.09 61,960 63,431 2528.14
    23209 Hekinan- shi 碧南 市 36.68 72,695 71,346 1945.09
    23210 Kariya- shi 刈 谷 市 50.39 152.208 149.765 2972.12
    23211 Toyota- shi 豊 田 市 918.32 425.848 422,542 460.13
    23212 Anjo- shi 安 城市 86.05 187,668 184.140 2139.92
    23213 Nishio- shi 西 尾市 161.22 169,592 167.990 1041.99
    23214 Gamagori -shi 蒲 郡 市 56.92 80.179 81,100 1424.81
    23215 Inuyama- shi 犬 山 市 74.90 73,783 74,308 992.1
    23216 Tokoname -shi 常 滑 市 55.90 57,549 56,547 1011.57
    23217 Kōnan- shi 江南 市 30.20 97.937 98,359 3256.92
    23219 Komaki- shi 小 牧 市 62.81 148,665 149,462 2379.59
    23220 Inazawa- shi 稲 沢 市 79.35 135,745 136,867 1724.85
    23221 Shinshiro- shi 新 城市 499.23 45.266 47,133 94.41
    23222 Tōkai- shi 東海 市 43.43 113,460 111,944 2577.57
    23223 Ōbu -shi 大 府 市 33.66 91,725 89,157 2648.75
    23224 Chita- shi 知 多 市 45.90 83,927 84,617 1843.51
    23225 Chiryu -shi 知 立 市 16.31 71,874 70.501 4322.56
    23226 Owariasahi -shi 尾 張旭 市 21.03 81,674 80,787 3841.51
    23227 Takahama- shi 高 浜 市 13.11 48.091 46,236 3526.77
    23228 Iwakura- shi 岩 倉 市 10.47 47,885 47,562 4542.69
    23229 Toyoake -shi 豊 明 市 23.22 69,223 69,127 2977.05
    23230 Nisshin- shi 日 進 市 34.91 90.773 87,977 2520.11
    23231 Tahara- shi 田原 市 191.12 60,787 62,364 326.31
    23232 Aisai shi 愛 西 市 66.70 61,568 63,088 945.85
    23233 Kiyosu- shi 清 須 市 17.35 69,344 67,327 3880.52
    23234 Kitanagoya shi 北 名古屋 市 18.37 85.817 84.133 4579.91
    23235 Yatomi- shi 弥 富 市 49.00 43.193 43,269 883.04
    23236 Miyoshi- shi み よ し 市 32.19 62,908 61,810 1920.16
    23237 Ama- shi あ ま 市 27.49 87,442 86,898 3,161.08
    23238 Nagakute- shi 長久 手 市 21.55 60,447 57,598 2672.76
    23300 Aichi-gun 愛 知 郡 18.03 43,712 42,858 2377.04
    23302   Tōgō-chō 東 郷 町 18.03 43,712 42,858 2377.04
    23340 Nishikasugai gun 西 春日 井 郡 6.18 15,657 15,177 2455.83
    23342   Toyoyama- chō 豊 山 町 6.18 15,657 15,177 2455.83
    23360 Niwa-gun 丹羽 郡 24.80 58.097 57,080 2301.61
    23361   Ōguchi -chō 大 口 町 13.61 23,998 23,274 1710.07
    23362   Fusō-chō 扶桑 町 11.19 34,099 33,806 3021.09
    23420 Ama-gun 海 部 郡 40.10 73,767 72,472 1807.28
    23424   Ōharu-chō 大治 町 6.59 32,183 30,990 4702.58
    23425   Kanie-cho 蟹 江 町 11.09 37,049 37,085 3344
    23427   Tobishima-mura 飛 島村 22.42 4535 4397 196.12
    23440 Chita-gun 知 多 郡 165.89 160,839 161,732 974.94
    23441   Agui-cho 阿 久 比 町 23.80 28,308 27,747 1165.84
    23442   Higashiura-cho 東浦 町 31.14 49.004 49,230 1580.92
    23445   Minamichita-cho 南 知 多 町 38.37 17,689 18,707 487.54
    23446   Mihama-cho 美 浜 町 46.20 22,909 23,575 510.28
    23447   Taketoyo-chō 武 豊 町 26.38 42,929 42,473 1610.05
    23500 Nukata-gun LINK 額 田 郡 56.72 41,704 39,549 697.27
    23501   Kōta-chō LINK 幸 田 町 56.72 41,704 39,549 697.27
    23560 Kitashitara gun 北 設 楽 郡 553.20 8808 9655 17.45
    23561   Shitara-cho 設 楽 町 273.94 4648 5074 18.52
    23562   Tōei-chō 東 栄 町 123.38 3097 3446 27.93
    23563   Toyone-mura 豊 根 村 155.88 1063 1135 7.28
    Shi-bu ( All Shi , proportion of urban districts) 市 部 4304.95 7,136,601 7,084,605 1645.69
    Gun-bu ( All Gun , percentage of counties) 郡 部 864.91 402,584 398,523 460.77
    23000 Aichi-Ken (Aichi Prefecture) 愛 知 県 5172.92 7,539,185 7,483,128 1446.60

    swell

    1 Area data from 2017
    2 Estimated population 2018
    3 Results of the 2015 census

    Biggest places

    Former and Existing Cities (-shi)
    October 1st census results
    VZ year Residents
    2015 2010 2005 2000
    Nagoya 2,295,638 2,263,894 2,215,062 2,171,557
    Toyota 422,542 421,487 412.141 351.101
    Okazaki 381.051 372.357 354.704 336,583
    Ichinomiya 380,868 378,566 371,687 273.711
    Toyohashi 374.765 376,665 372.479 364,856
    Kasugai 306.508 305,569 295,802 287,623
    Anjō 184.140 178,691 170,250 158.824
    Toyokawa 182,436 181.928 120,967 117,327
    Nishio 167.990 106,823 104,321 100,805
    Kariya 149.765 145.781 142.134 132.054
    Komaki 149,462 147.132 147.182 143.122
    Inazawa 136,867 136,442 136.965 100,270
    Seto 129,046 132.224 131,925 131,650
    Handa 116.908 118,828 115,845 110,837
    Tōkai 111,944 107,690 104,339 99,921
    Konan 98,359 99.730 99,055 97.923
    Ōbu 89,157 85,249 80.262 75.273
    Nisshin 87,977 84,237 78,591 70,188
    Ama 86,898 86,714 - -
    Chita 84,617 84,768 83,373 80,536
    Kitanagoya 84.133 81,571 - -
    Gamagōri 81,100 82,249 82,108 82,108
    Owariasahi 80,787 81,140 78.394 75,066
    Inuyama 74,308 75.198 74,294 72,583
    Hekinan 71,346 72,018 71,408 67,814
    Chiryu 70.501 68,398 66,085 62,587
    Toyoake 69,127 69,745 68,285 66,495
    Kiyosu 67,327 65,757 55.038 -
    Tsushima 63,431 65,258 65,547 65,422
    Aisai 63,088 64,978 65,556 -
    Tahara 62,364 64.119 66,390 -
    Miyoshi 61,810 60,098 - -
    Nagakute 57,598 - - -
    Tokoname 56,547 54,858 51,265 50.183
    Iwakura 47,562 47,340 47,926 46.906
    Shinshiro 47,133 49,864 52,178 36,022
    Takahama 46,236 44,027 41,351 38.127
    Yatomi 43,269 43,272 - -
    Bisai - - - 57,956
    • August 20, 2003 - The small town of Tahara integrates another community and is raised to the status of an independent city .
    • April 1, 2005 - Four parishes found the independent city of Aisai .
    • April 1, 2005 - The independent city of Bisai is incorporated into the independent city of Ichinomiya .
    • July 7, 2005 - The small town of Kiyosu integrates two communities and is raised to the status of an independent city .
    • March 1, 2006 - The independent city of Kitanagoya is formed from two communities.
    • April 1, 2006 - The small town of Yatomi integrates another municipality and is raised to the status of an independent city .
    • January 4, 2010 - The small town of Miyoshi receives the status of an independent city .
    • March 22, 2010 - The independent city of Ama is formed from three parishes.
    • January 4, 2012 - The small town of Nagakute receives the status of an independent city .

    See also

    Web links

    Commons : Aichi Prefecture  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

    1. 県 内 の 市町村 . Aichi Prefecture, accessed May 6, 2012 (Japanese).
    2. a b Aichi Overview. Aichi Prefecture, accessed May 6, 2012 .
    3. ^ Kinder / Hilgemann: dtv-Atlas zur Weltgeschichte, Munich 1986
    4. I-BAC / Aichis history. In: Aichi-Nagoya International Business Access Center. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012 ; accessed on August 18, 2016 .
    5. Aichi Prefecture, December 26, 2011: 平 成 22 年 国 勢 調査 愛 知 県 の 人口 (“Population of Aichi Prefecture after the 2010 census”) , results (PDF; 300 kB)
    6. ^ Sōmushō , statistics portal "e-Stat": Statistics of registered foreigners 2011
    7. Aichi Prefectural Parliament : MPs , accessed on August 8, 2019.
    8. 愛 知 県 知事 選 現 職 の 大村 秀 章氏 3 回 目 の 当選 . In: NHK Senkyo Web. February 3, 2019, Retrieved February 4, 2019 (Japanese).
    9. 愛 知 県 議 選 各 党 議席 . In: NHK Senkyo Web. April 7, 2019, Retrieved May 21, 2019 (Japanese).
    10. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor : 地域 別 最低 賃 金 の 全国 一 覧
    11. Aichi Prefectural Administration , Industry and Labor Department: 愛 知 県 の 最低 賃 金 (also includes the higher minimum wages applicable in individual sectors)
    12. Kokudo Chiriin (GSI - Geospatial Information Authority of Japan), 平 成 29 年 全国 都 道 府 県 市区 町 村 別 面積 調 (Nationwide survey of all prefectures and municipalities 2017) , p. 59: 23 Aichi-ken (Japanese), accessed on 30 January 2019
    13. 簡 単 検 索 ・ 詳細 検 索 ・ 検 索 サ ン プ ル , accessed January 30, 2019 (Japanese)
    14. e-stat (English), accessed on January 30, 2019.
    15. e-Stat database , accessed on January 30, 2019 (English)

    Coordinates: 35 ° 5 '  N , 136 ° 59'  E