Chūkakushi

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chūkakushi ( Japanese. 中 核 市 ; literally "core city / cities"; English mostly core city / cities ) are a special form for large urban cities (- shi ) in Japan . Compared to normal urban districts or other municipalities, they have more administrative competencies and take on sub-tasks of the administration of the respective prefecture on their territory, among other things in urban / spatial planning, social services, health care or environmental protection. The chūkakushi as a special form for big cities was introduced in 1996 and ranks behind the seirei shitei toshi (about "big cities by government regulation", for short seirei-shi ; since 1956) and before the tokureishi (about "exceptional cities ", English in part ambiguous ) in terms of administrative competence special cities , more clearly also special case cities, etc.; introduced in 2000; abolished in 2015).

The legal basis is Article 252 of the chihō-jichi-hō ("Law on Regional Self-Government"). The legal requirement for the appointment of a chūkakushi today is a population of at least 200,000. Before 2014 the required number of inhabitants was 300,000, and before 2006 there were also requirements for the area and before 1999 for the daily population of a city. After the abolition of the “exceptional cities”, cities with less than 200,000 inhabitants can also be named chūkakushi in a transitional period until March 31, 2020 .

The appointment procedure begins at the initiative of the mayor with deliberations in the city parliament, after which the parliament of the prefecture in which the city concerned is located gives its approval by means of a draft resolution to be introduced by the governor. Following a request to the state government (and consultation of the ministries and authorities concerned), the cabinet decides on the government ordinance (seirei) drafted by the Minister of the Interior ( sōmudaijin ; lit. "Minister for general affairs"; English "Minister for internal affairs and communications" ) for appointment chūkakushi .

list

The currently 60 and the former (shaded) chūkakushi are in detail (as of April 1, 2020):

List of chūkakushi
Prefecture
( -to / -dō / -fu / -ken ) 		N →
S 		City
(- shi ) 		chūkakushi since / [from] [to] Population
at appointment
Tochigi Utsunomiya 0Apr 1, 1996 - 426.795
Niigata Niigata 0Apr 1, 1996 0April 1, 2007 (upgraded to seireishi ) 486.097
Toyama Toyama (old) 0Apr 1, 1996 0April 1, 2005 (incorporation) 321.254
Ishikawa Kanazawa 0Apr 1, 1996 - 442,868
Gifu Gifu 0Apr 1, 1996 - 410.324
Shizuoka Shizuoka (old) 0Apr 1, 1996 0April 1, 2003 (incorporation) 472.196
Shizuoka Hamamatsu 0Apr 1, 1996 0April 1, 2007 (upgraded to seireishi ) 547.875
Osaka Sakai 0Apr 1, 1996 0April 1, 2006 (upgraded to seireishi ) 807.765
Hyogo Himeji 0Apr 1, 1996 - 454.460
Okayama Okayama 0Apr 1, 1996 0April 1, 2009 (upgraded to seireishi ) 593.730
Kumamoto Kumamoto 0Apr 1, 1996 0April 1, 2012 (upgraded to seireishi ) 579.306
Kagoshima Kagoshima 0Apr 1, 1996 - 454.460
Akita Akita 0Apr 1, 1997 - 312.035
Fukushima Kōriyama 0Apr 1, 1997 - 326.831
Wakayama Wakayama 0Apr 1, 1997 - 393,951
Nagasaki Nagasaki 0Apr 1, 1997 - 438.724
Ōita Ōita 0Apr 1, 1997 - 426.981
Aichi Toyota 0Apr 1, 1998 - 341.079
Hiroshima Fukuyama 0Apr 1, 1998 - 374,517
Kochi Kochi 0Apr 1, 1998 - 321,999
Miyazaki Miyazaki 0Apr 1, 1998 - 300,068
Fukushima Iwaki 0Apr 1, 1999 - 360,598
Nagano Nagano 0Apr 1, 1999 - 358,516
Aichi Toyohashi 0Apr 1, 1999 - 352,982
Kagawa Takamatsu 0Apr 1, 1999 - 331.004
Hokkaidō Asahikawa 0Apr 1, 2000 - 360,568
Ehime Matsuyama 0Apr 1, 2000 - 460,968
Kanagawa Yokosuka 0Apr 1, 2001 - 432.193
Nara Nara 0Apr 1, 2002 - 366.196
Okayama Kurashiki 0Apr 1, 2002 - 430.239
Saitama Kawagoe 0Apr 1, 2003 - 330,766
Chiba Funabashi 0Apr 1, 2003 - 550.074
Kanagawa Sagamihara 0Apr 1, 2003 0April 1, 2010 (upgraded to seireishi ) 550.074
Shizuoka Shizuoka (new) 0Apr 1, 2003 0April 1, 2005 (upgraded to seireishi ) 706.513
Aichi Okazaki 0Apr 1, 2003 - 336,583
Osaka Takatsuki 0Apr 1, 2003 - 357,438
Toyama Toyama (new) 0Apr 1, 2005 - 420,804
Osaka Higashiōsaka 0Apr 1, 2005 - 515.094
Hokkaidō Hakodate 0Oct 1, 2005 - 305.311
Yamaguchi Shimonoseki 0Oct 1, 2005 - 301.097
Aomori Aomori 0Oct 1, 2006 - 311.508
Iwate Morioka 0Apr 1, 2008 - 300,746
Chiba Kashiwa 0Apr 1, 2008 - 380,963
Hyogo Nishinomiya 0Apr 1, 2008 - 465,337
Fukuoka Kurume 0Apr 1, 2008 - 306.434
Gunma Maebashi 0Apr 1, 2009 - 318,584
Shiga Ōtsu 0Apr 1, 2009 - 323.719
Hyogo Amagasaki 0Apr 1, 2009 - 462,647
Gunma Takasaki 0Apr 1, 2011 - 364,919
Osaka Toyonaka 0Apr 1, 2012 - 389.341
Okinawa Naha 0Apr 1, 2013 - 315,954
Osaka Hirakata 0Apr 1, 2014 - 407.978
Saitama Koshigaya 0Apr 1, 2015 - 326.313
Tokyo Hachiōji 0Apr 1, 2015 - 580.053
Hiroshima Cure 0April 1, 2016 - 239.973
Nagasaki Sasebo 0April 1, 2016 - 261.101
Aomori Hachinohe 0Jan. 1, 2017 - 231.379
Fukushima Fukushima 0April 1, 2018 - 294,247
Saitama Kawaguchi 0April 1, 2018 - 578.112
Osaka Yao 0April 1, 2018 - 268,800
Hyogo Akashi 0April 1, 2018 - 293,409
Tottori Tottori 0April 1, 2018 - 193.717
Shimane Matsue 0April 1, 2018 - 206.230
Yamagata Yamagata 0April 1, 2019 - 253.832
Fukui Fukui 0April 1, 2019 - 265.904
Yamanashi Kofu 0April 1, 2019 - 193.125
Osaka Neyagawa 0April 1, 2019 - 237,518
Ibaraki Mito 0Apr 1, 2020 - 270.783
Osaka Suita 0Apr 1, 2020 - 374,468

Remarks:

  1. ↑ allows sorting according to prefectures from north to south in the order usual in Japan, see also ISO 3166-2 and Japanese community key
  2. ↑ according to the current census

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sōmushō : Changes in the requirements for a chūkakushi (Japanese)
  2. ↑ Sōmushō : Flowchart for the appointment of a chūkakushi (Japanese)
  3. ↑ Sōmushō : List of chūkakushi (Japanese)

Web links