Adana

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Adana
Adana Coat of Arms
Adana (Turkey)
Red pog.svg
Taşköprü'nün Panoramik Fotoğrafı.jpg
Old and new Adana: In the foreground the old stone bridge ( Taşköprü ), in the background the Sabancı Central Mosque and the Adana Hilton
Basic data
Province (il) : Adana
Coordinates : 36 ° 59 ′  N , 35 ° 20 ′  E Coordinates: 36 ° 59 ′ 17 ″  N , 35 ° 19 ′ 36 ″  E
Height : 23  m
Residents : 2,237,940 (2019)
Telephone code : (+90) 322
Postal code : 01 000
License plate : 01
Structure and administration (as of April 2019)
Mayor : Zeydan Karalar ( CHP )
Website:
Template: Infobox Location in Turkey / Maintenance / District Without Inhabitants Or Area

Adana ( Hittite Adaniya , ancient Greek Άδανα , Armenian Ադանա ) is the sixth largest city in Turkey and the capital of the province of the same name with more than 2.2 million inhabitants (2019) . It is the largest city in the fertile Çukurova plain .

The Çukurova University in Adana is one of the largest universities in Turkey with around 45,000 students. There are various sources for the origin of the name Adana. So it is supposedly derived from Adanos , the son of Uranos from Greek mythology . Another possible origin is the derivation of Adanyia , an area near Kizzuwatna in the empire of the Hittites .

geography

Adana is located in the south of the country, in the south of the Taurus Mountains, about 40 kilometers from the Mediterranean Sea. The surrounding region of Çukurova , part of Cilicia in ancient times , is very fertile. The rivers Seyhan and Ceyhan flow through it. Adana is a center of the Turkish textile industry. The station is a transport hub for the Baghdad Railway , and there is an international airport nearby ( Adana Airport ). The Incirlik Air Base of NATO is located 12 kilometers east of the heart.

Climate table

Adana, Seyhan (20 m)
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
105
 
15th
6th
 
 
85
 
16
6th
 
 
60
 
20th
9
 
 
50
 
24
12
 
 
43
 
28
16
 
 
19th
 
32
20th
 
 
9.4
 
34
24
 
 
7th
 
35
24
 
 
15th
 
33
21st
 
 
48
 
29
16
 
 
83
 
22nd
11
 
 
121
 
17th
7th
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: State Meteorological Office of the Republic of Turkey, normal period 1981–2010
Average Monthly Temperatures and Precipitation for Adana, Seyhan (20 m)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 15.1 16.1 19.5 23.8 28.2 31.7 33.7 34.6 33.2 29.2 22.0 16.8 O 25.4
Min. Temperature (° C) 5.5 5.9 8.5 12.3 16.2 20.4 23.9 24.2 21.0 16.4 10.7 7.0 O 14.4
Temperature (° C) 9.6 10.3 13.5 17.7 21.9 25.8 28.3 28.8 26.3 21.8 15.2 11.0 O 19.2
Precipitation ( mm ) 105.1 85.1 60.4 50.3 42.8 19.3 9.4 7.0 15.1 47.9 82.6 120.7 Σ 645.7
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 4.4 5.1 5.5 6.5 8.5 10.2 10.2 9.6 8.3 7.1 5.3 4.2 O 7.1
Rainy days ( d ) 9.4 9.6 9.3 9.3 6.5 2.9 1.1 0.8 2.8 5.8 7.8 9.7 Σ 75
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
15.1
5.5
16.1
5.9
19.5
8.5
23.8
12.3
28.2
16.2
31.7
20.4
33.7
23.9
34.6
24.2
33.2
21.0
29.2
16.4
22.0
10.7
16.8
7.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		105.1
85.1
60.4
50.3
42.8
19.3
9.4
7.0
15.1
47.9
82.6
120.7
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

history

The city probably goes back to a Hittite settlement: since the 16th century BC. Adanija is called in historical Hittite texts. In later Akkadian texts of Syria (approx. 1400 BC) and Egyptian reports (12th century BC) the city is mentioned under the country name Danuna , a part of what later became Cilicia .

After the end of Persian rule , Adana belonged first to the empire of Alexander the great , then to the Seleucid empire . Probably under Antiochus IV. Adana was briefly renamed Antioch on Saros . Pompey settled here in 67 BC. A part of the Cilician pirates defeated by him . Since 72 AD, the city was part of the Roman province of Cilicia . In 260 the Sassanids also conquered Adana.

In 1097 the Armenian prince Oschin, the progenitor of the Hethumids , conquered parts of the city from his Lambron castle . Many Armenians immigrated between the 11th and 14th centuries when their settlement area further north was conquered by the Seljuks . Under the rule of the Rubenids , the kingdom of Lesser Armenia , to which Adana also belonged, was established. Adana fell to the Turkmen tribe of the Ramazanoğulları in 1378 .

Since 1575 the city belonged to the Ottoman Empire . In 1839 it was fought over in the Turkish-Egyptian War . In 1869 it became the capital of the Vilayets Adana .

Adana was an important base when the Baghdad Railway was built from 1903 onwards. From here the sections of the route through the Taurus and towards Aleppo were driven. Operationally, the station was important, as the older line to Mersin and the line to the port of İskenderun , which was built for the construction of the Baghdad Railway, were linked here.

In April 1909 there was a massacre here , which killed 20,000 to 30,000 Armenians . By 1910, the subsequent epidemics and famine among the poorly cared for survivors of the massacre claimed another 20,000 victims.

In the context of the genocide of the Armenians in 1915 and 1920, the Armenians were murdered in far greater numbers and were finally expelled from Cilicia. Between 1918 and 1920 the city was occupied by French troops.

On January 30, 1943, a conversation between Churchill and İnönü took place in which the Allies tried to persuade Turkey to enter the Second World War , whereby İnönü succeeded in delaying a clear promise. Since the 1980s, the population has grown rapidly due to the influx of Kurdish refugees.

On November 24, 2016, two people were killed in a bomb explosion and 21 others were injured. The terrorist attack occurred in front of the governor's office.

population

year 1970 1980 1985 1990 1997 2007 2008
Residents 351,655 574,515 777.554 916.150 1,033,571 1,366,027 1,392,490

The main ethnic groups today are Turks , Kurds and Arabs . In addition, almost two thousand crypto-Armenian families live in Adana who have identified themselves as Arabs , Kurds or Alevis for a century . There are also higher numbers of descendants of Armenian children who were forcibly handed over to Muslim families to escape the 1915 genocide . Armenians and Greeks made up half of the population before 1915.

Sabancı Central Mosque in Adana

religion

Similar to other Turkish coastal cities, especially on the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea , secularism is deeply rooted in Adana. The majority of believers follow Sunni Islam . The majority of Turks and Kurds, as well as some Arabs, are Sunnis. Adana is also a stronghold of the Alevi community; many Alevis moved from Kahramanmaraş to Adana after the pogrom . Arabs from Adana are mostly Alawites , who are often confused with the Turkish Alevis. Alawitic Arabs are known locally as Nusairians or Fellah . Arabs who move to Adana from Şanlıurfa Province are mostly Sunnis. There is also a small community of Catholic Christians and a few Jewish families. Meanwhile there is also a Turkish Protestant community.

Attractions

The Taşköprü stone bridge around 1870

The most famous historical building in Adana is the stone bridge ( Taşköprü ) built under the Roman emperor Hadrian over the Seyhan River . B. next to the Milvian Bridge in Rome - is considered one of the oldest bridges still in use in the world. The Ulu Mosque, built in the 16th century and the complex of the same name, as well as the Hasan Kethüda Mosque from the same century are worth seeing. The second largest mosque in Turkey, the Sabancı Central Mosque , opened in 1998 , is located here. The Armenian St. Paulus Church , built in 1880, has been preserved as a Roman Catholic church to this day. The Greek Orthodox Church of Kuruköprü , built in 1845 , became a museum.

The Vardabrücke, built by the Germans at the beginning of the 20th century, is worth seeing .

Examples of Roman mosaic art can be seen in the ancient cities of Misis and Anazarbos . Another attraction is the Yilankale (Snake Castle ). The archaeological museum contains important excavation finds. Yumurtalık and Karataş are famous resorts in the area for their beaches.

Big clock tower

Museums

  • Hittite, Roman and early Byzantine finds are exhibited in the Archaeological Museum of Adana. The museum was founded right after the proclamation of the republic in 1924 and is one of the ten oldest museums in Turkey.
  • The Ethnographic Museum shows exhibits on the tribes living in the Çukurova villages and in the Taurus Mountains .
  • The Ataturk Museum is dedicated to the father of the Turks and documents his stay in Adana.
  • In Misis tessellation Museum in Misis (Yakapınar) floor mosaics are on display from the 4th century.
  • The Sabancı Kültür Merkezi , in German Sabancı cultural center, in the center of the city also contains a library.

Mosques

  • Great Mosque (Ulu Camii)
  • New Mosque (Yeni Cami)
  • Oil Mosque ( Yağ Camii , Old Catholic Church)
  • Sabancı Central Mosque
  • Alemdar mescite
  • Sheikh Zülfi Mescit
  • Kızıldağ Ramazanoğlu Mosque
  • Çifte Minare Mosque

Universities

  • Çukurova University
  • University of Science and Technology
  • Çağ University

traffic

Adana station on the Baghdad Railway , 1913 ...

The Adana Airport serves a number of national and international destinations.

In the district of Ceyhan , there are two and Yumurtalık a port on the Mediterranean .

The O 21 motorway connects Adana with Ankara , the O 51 with Mersin and the O 52 with Gaziantep.

... and the Adanas train station today

Railroad: Adana is on the Baghdad Railway . After Mersin there is a S-Bahn -like operation called Banliyö Trenleri . There are long-distance connections in the passenger train traffic daily to Istanbul , Ankara , İskenderun , Gaziantep , Malatya and İslahiye . Once a week there is an international through car to Aleppo .

Adana has an inner-city bus network and a large bus station on the outskirts of the city. The city also has an underground line with 13 stations. It is to be extended in the coming years.

Daily newspapers

  • Expres Gazetesi
  • Adana Gazete
  • Yeni Adana Gazetesi
  • Adana Haber
  • Yenigün
  • Adana Post
  • Haber Adana
  • Çukurova Güncel
  • Idealist Gazetesi
  • Adana Yerel Haber Gazetesi
Adana kebab with flatbread and clockwise parsley, lemon and radish, lettuce and red onions flavored with sumac

Gastronomic specialties

Adana has a very rich cuisine. These include, for example, the minced meat Adana Kebap and Şalgam , a non-alcoholic hot and sour drink made from vegetables from Adana, grilled on a skewer .

Sports

Well-known clubs

sons and daughters of the town

Town twinning

Adana has city ​​partnerships with the following cities :

Established businesses

Web links

Commons : Adana  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ accessed April 9, 2020
  2. ^ Garstang, John, OR Gurney: The geography of the Hittite empire. London: British Institute of Archeology at Ankara. 1959, p. 61.
  3. ^ Elisabeth Bauer: Armenia: Past and Present . Reich, Luzern 1977, ISBN 3-7243-0146-4 .
  4. ↑ a b Գեղունի: Illustration Arménienne. Imprimerie arménienne St. Lazare (Venise), 1909, p. 13.
  5. ↑ 30,000 Killed in Massacres. In: The New York Times . April 25, 1909, accessed June 8, 2013 .
  6. ↑ Anahid Ter Minassian: “L'Arménie et l'éveil des nationalités (1800-1914)”. In: Gérard Dédéyan (ed.): Histoire du peuple arménien Editions private, Toulouse 2007, ISBN 978-2-7089-6874-5 , p. 518.
  7. ↑ Grégoire Tafankejian: "Mémoire en images. L'Arménie et les Arméniens. "Alan Sutton, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire 2010, ISBN 978-2-8138-0125-8 , p. 106.
  8. ↑ Dead in attack in Adana. FAZ, November 24, 2016, accessed on November 24, 2016 .
  9. ↑ a b Adana Tarihi. Mekan360, accessed January 25, 2012 (Turkish).
  10. ↑ "Adana". Catholic Encyclopedia . Robert Appleton Company, New York 1913.
  11. ↑ http://adanakilisesi.org/ki/