Arabs in Turkey
The Arabs in Turkey ( Arabic العرب في تركيا, Turkish Türkiye Arapları ) make up with 4 to 5 million people about 5.5 to 6.5 percent of the total Turkish population and are one of the largest ethnic minorities in Turkey .
history
The Arabs have lived in southeastern Anatolia for centuries . In the middle of the 7th century the Arabs conquered Southeast Anatolia and North Mesopotamia . The last Umayyad caliph Marwan II even made Harran his residence around 745. After the expansion, many Arab families were moved from the Arabian Peninsula to Southeast Anatolia and Northern Mesopotamia around Harran (حران / Ḥarrān ), Cizre (جزيرة ابن عمر / Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar ), Siirt (سعرد / Siʿred ), Mardin (ماردين / Mārdīn ) and Şanlıurfa (الرها / ar-Ruhā ) relocated.
The number of ethnic Arabs has risen sharply since the civil war in Syria .
Settlement area
Arabs live mainly in the south and south-east of Turkey on the border with Syria and Iraq , in the provinces of Adana , Batman , Bitlis , Gaziantep , Hatay , Mardin , Mersin , Mus , Siirt , Şanlıurfa and Şırnak . Then there is the diaspora community in the metropolis of Istanbul . Further diaspora communities exist in the major cities of Adana and Mersin .
Religions
The Arabs in Turkey are divided into three religious groups, i. H. in Muslims , Nusairians and Christians . The Muslim Arabs form the largest group within this ethnic group. They live mainly in Batman, Bitlis, Gaziantep, Hatay, Mardin, Muş, Siirt, Şanlıurfa and Şırnak. The majority of the 300,000 to 350,000 Nusairians live in the provinces of Adana, Hatay and Mersin. In terms of religious history, the Nusairians represent an ultra-Shiite sect, which presumably emerged from the five-person Shia and not a split from the 12-person Schia. Faith is also shaped by Gnostic elements and messianism, among other things. Ali are assigned divine properties or understood as the imanation of God. The majority of the approximately 18,000 Christian Arabs live in Hatay Province, the cities of Antakya and Iskenderun and the village of Tokaçlı . They belong to the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch and the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch, a community with its own patriarchate and with Arabic as the liturgical language.
List of Arab tribes in Viyalet Diyarbakr around 1870
| Name of the tribe | number | Settlement area |
|---|---|---|
| Shammar | +10,000 tents | The Shammar are the largest tribe and are divided into three groups: the al-Jerbe, az-Zeydan, and al-Omar. The Shammar live scattered over a large area. In Turkey these are the cities of Siverek, Urfa, Akçakale, Harran and Mardin. These settlement areas continue to Syria (Der Cebel-i Abdulaziz near al-Hasakah , ar-Raqqa ) and Iraq ( Tal Afar and Jabal Sinjar ). The tribe is also widespread in northern Saudi Arabia. The mother of the late King of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz , also belonged to this tribe. |
| Banu Tayy | 300–400 tents (around 1870), 3000 tents around 1900 | Along the Çağçağ river, between Midyat and Hasakah. Also common in Ha'il |
| Şerabi | 500 tents | live west of Mount Karacadağ |
| Cubur | 600 tents | live around Nusaybin |
| `Anizzah | unknown | live south of Mardin |
| Bekari | 1000 tents | The Bekari tended camels and sheep along the Serkan River (flows from the southwest of Mardin to Kızıltepe ). |
| Banu Bakr ibn Wa'il (also includes Banu Hanifa and Banu Shayban) | unknown | north of Mardin ( Savur and surroundings); have always been involved in agriculture; Banu Hanifa is also common in the area around Riyadh . The Al Saud dynasty also descends from Banu Hanifa. |
language
The vast majority of Arabs in Turkey speak Arabic in a Levantic or Mesopotamian dialect. As the Arabs in Turkey adapted to the majority Turkish population, the role of the Arabic language has been decreasing since the founding of Turkey. The language is mostly only spoken by the older Arabs, and the majority of the young Arab population in Turkey has little knowledge of the language. In the meantime, however, many new Arabic-speaking refugees have settled in Syria as a result of the civil war .
Well-known Arabs
From the area of today's Republic of Turkey
- al-Jazari - Arab engineer, inventor and designer
- Ibn al-Athīr - Arab historian
- al-Battānī - Arabic astronomer
- Ibn Taimīya - Arabic-Islamic scholar
- Thabit ibn Qurra - Arabic mathematician and astronomer
From the Republic of Turkey
- Bilal Aziz - Turkish-Lebanese soccer player
- Hüseyin Çelik - Turkish university professor, politician and former minister of education
- Emine Erdoğan - First Lady and wife of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
- Murathan Mungan - Turkish writer
- Hilmi Yarayıcı - Turkish singer and composer
- Atiye Deniz - Turkish singer
See also
literature
- Dalal Arsuzi-Elamir: Arab Nationalism in Syria. Zaki al-Arsuzi and the Arab national movement on the periphery of Alexandretta / Antakya 1930–1938 . Lit, Münster 2002, ISBN 3-8258-5917-7 .
- Otto Jastrow: The Mesopotamian-Arabic qeltu dialects II. Folklore texts in eleven dialects . Steiner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-515-03389-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Luke Coffey: Turkey's demographic challenge. Retrieved August 23, 2018 .
- ^ The Impact of Syrian Refugees on Turkey. Retrieved August 23, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Fahd Al-Semmari: A History of the Arabian Peninsula. IBTauris, 2009, ISBN 978-0-857-71323-0 , p. 29 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Orhan Koloğlu: Bedevi, Lavrens, Arap, Türk . Arba, 1993, pp. 88-90. (Turkish)
- ↑ The Nusairians worldwide and in Turkey ( Memento from May 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (Turkish)
- ↑ Christians in the Islamic World - From Politics and Contemporary History (APuZ 26/2008)
- ↑ Joost Jong earth: Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915. BRILL, 2012, ISBN 978-9-004-23227-3 , p. 25 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Janet Klein: The Margins of Empire. Stanford University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-804-77570-0 , p. 49 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).