Mindanao
| Mindanao | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Waters | Boholsee , Philippine Sea , Celebes Sea , Sulu Sea | |
| Archipelago | Philippines | |
| Geographical location | 7 ° 33 ' N , 124 ° 56' E | |
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| surface | 94,630 km² | |
| Highest elevation |
Apo 2954 m |
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| Residents | 21,968,174 (2010) 232 inhabitants / km² |
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| main place | Davao City | |
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Mindanao is the second largest island in the Philippines and its southernmost group of islands .
geography
The island or the archipelago of Mindanao lies between the Sulu Sea in the west and the Philippine Sea in the east. Together with the two more northerly island groups Visayas and Luzon , Mindanao forms the island state of the Philippines.
Mindanao Island
With an area of 94,630 km², Mindanao is the second largest island in the Philippines after Luzon . Together these two main islands have about 2/3 of the total land area of the Philippines with over 70% of the population. Mindanao alone has a population of around 22 million.
The largest city in Mindanao is Davao City . The highest elevations on the island and in the entire state are the Apo , located south of Davao City, at 2954 m and the 2938 m high Dulang-dulang . Mount Sumagaya is also located on Mindanao .
Mindanao archipelago
The following islands and archipelagos belong to the archipelago:
- Mindanao (main island)
- Sulu Archipelago ( Basilan , Jolo , Tawi-Tawi )
- Camiguin
- Dinagat
- Siargao
- Samal Island
- Sarangani
- Balut Island
- Bucas Grande
- Britania archipelago
Provinces
Mindanao is divided into five regions, which in turn are divided into provinces:
- Region IX ( Zamboanga Peninsula ): Zamboanga del Norte , Zamboanga del Sur , Zamboanga Sibugay
- Region X ( Northern Mindanao ): Camiguin, Misamis Occidental , Misamis Oriental , Bukidnon , Lanao del Norte
- Region XI ( Davao Region ): Davao del Norte , Davao del Sur , Davao de Oro , Davao Occidental , Davao Oriental
- Region XII ( SOCCSKSARGEN ): South Cotabato , Cotabato , Sultan Kudarat , Sarangani
- Region XIII ( Caraga ): Agusan del Norte , Agusan del Sur , Dinagat , Surigao del Norte , Surigao del Sur
- The provinces of Maguindanao and Lanao del Sur , not mentioned above, belong to the ARMM region ( Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ), which was re-established in 1989 and which also includes the island provinces of Basilan , Sulu and Tawi-Tawi , which are located to the south .
history
In 1976, 600-year-old remains of large ocean -going boats called Balangay were found in Butuan City, Libertad district . After further archaeological excavations of Butuan , the outlines of a pre-colonial port complex , skeletons and valuable funerary objects were also discovered, which seem to confirm the assumption that Butuan is the oldest fortified settlement in the Philippines.
The Islam came in the 14th century in Mindanao and spread in the southern part of the island. The Sultanate of Sulu was founded in 1450 and existed until the early 20th century. The Sultanate of Maguindanao had its heyday around 1690.
Overall, the history of Mindanao, like that of the entire archipelago of the Philippines, is changeable and shaped by conflicts and colonization. After centuries of Spanish rule, the island fell to the United States. Mindanao itself was comparatively sparsely populated at that time, but the region was economically of great interest due to its natural treasures. In order to gain control over the sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao, which existed at that time, long conflicts over land rights and mineral resources began; there was de facto expropriation of the local population. In addition, any land allocation by the ruling sultans was declared null and void by the central government in Manila.
In the 1950s, the systematic immigration of Christian settlers to Mindanao was promoted by the Philippine central government in Manila. The Muslim inhabitants thus became a minority in their traditional areas. The Muslims live mainly in the south of the island; there, too, rebels appear again and again . The Moros National Liberation Front (MNLF) campaigns for an autonomous Muslim state consisting of the islands of Mindanao, Palawan , Basilan and the Sulu Archipelago . Although a peace agreement was signed on September 2, 1996 between then President Ramos and the rebel leaders, unrest has flared up again and again. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and Abu Sajaf drew attention to themselves through terrorist acts, for example the kidnapping of foreign tourists on the island of Jolo in 2000 (see Abu Sajaf kidnapping case ). In October 2012 the Philippine government (GPH) made peace with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front after signing the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro (FAB). The FAB framework agreement was the result of the 32nd peace talks between the GPH and MILF and is regarded as a kind of roadmap for the establishment of a new planned autonomous region, called Bangsamoro, to replace the current “Autonomous Region Muslim Mindanao” (ARMM).
language
On Mindanao, numerous independent languages Cebuano , Chabacano , Tausūg , Maguindanao , Bisaya, Hiligaynon and often English, especially as a business and educational language, are spoken.
Religions
Approx. 72% of the residents of Mindanao are Christians , including 60.9% Catholic, 2.16% independently Catholic and 5.34% Protestant, approx. 20.44% are Muslim . This means that Mindanao has the largest proportion of Islamic believers nationwide, most of whom live in the south and west of the island.
The tribes that are neither influenced by Christianity nor by Islam are called Lumad , they maintain traditional religions that can be described as animistic . The remaining five percent are attributable to them, to other religions or to those who do not confess.
economy
In Mindanao, the service sector accounts for the largest share of economic output.
As in large parts of the Southeast Asian archipelago , rice is also grown on Mindanao , but its own production does not cover the growing consumption of the population. In addition, wheat , coffee , sugar cane and cotton grown. The fruits mango , coconut , bananas , pineapple and papaya also play an agricultural role, as does the edible marshmallow . Furthermore, there are rubber plantations , okra , camote and the abaca plant, relates a banana from whose fibers " Manila hemp is obtained."
The mineral resources , some of which have not yet been developed, are economically significant ; for example, the Philippines are Asia's main gold producer. In addition to gold , the metals copper , aluminum , nickel , manganese , iron ore , chrome iron ore , silver and cobalt also occur on Mindanao . Non-metallic mineral resources are clay , stones , sand , limestone , salt , gravel , basalt , andesite , quartz , guano , and also opals .
Attractions
On the large island of Mindanao there are a number of interesting tourist places, e. B. Waterfalls like the Cotabato waterfalls, the Maria Cristina waterfalls (Twin Falls), the Abaga waterfall , Lumakot or the Cathedral waterfalls. Sinipang Bay has many beaches and corals in the Zamboanga del Norte province . There are also famous beaches in other provinces such as B. Apo Beach, Talomo Beach, Mabua Beach, Tandag Beach or Tanbis Beach. Mindanao has a large number of inland lakes that present a variety of different ecosystems. The largest lake is Lanao Lake , to the southwest of it are Dapao Lake , 120 meters deep, and Wood Lake . The second largest inland lake in Mindanao, the Mainit Lake, is located in the northeast of Mindanao . At the foothills of the Ligawasan river landscapes in the southeast of the Central Mindanao Basin lies the third largest inland lake in Mindanao, Lake Buluan . To the south of it lies the Sebu Lake, surrounded by tropical rainforest, in the Daguma Mountains, which are up to 2,083 meters high . East of Lake Sebu is Mindanao's largest crater lake on the summit of Parker Mountain, 1,824 meters high . Other places of interest are Bukagan Hill, Fort Pilar , Macahambus Cave, Aguinaldo Pearl Farm , Atlas Mines, Dole Company, Santos Fish Ponds and Iron Mountain. A four-day ascent of Mount Apo is a challenge for hikers . Also worth seeing is the northern island of Camiguin with its seven volcanoes.
The finds of the archaeological excavation site Butuan City , which has been on the list of proposals of the Philippines for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List, are historically significant . On the east coast of Mindanao are the Britania Islands and Pujada Bay .
National parks and nature reserves
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Miriam Fischer / Atty Benedicto Bacani, "Wrestling for Land and Identity", in: KAS-Auslandsinformationen, http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_34965-544-1-30.pdf?130716165100 [19. August 2013].
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
