Jakob Schaffner

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Jakob Schaffner
Jakob Schaffner

Jakob Schaffner (born November 14, 1875 in Basel , † September 25, 1944 in Strasbourg ) was a Swiss writer .

Life

Jakob Schaffner was born as the son of a sovereign gardener to the Basel pastor Stähelin and was a citizen of Buus . But his father also had a modest farm in Kleinbasel . In 1883, Jakob Schaffner was only eight years old, he lost his father. His mother, who came from Wyhlen in Upper Baden , emigrated to America in the same year and handed the son over to his Wyhlen grandparents. From 1884 to 1891 he grew up in the nearby Pietist children's home in Beuggen Castle on the Upper Rhine in Baden. Schaffner learned the craft of shoemaker and worked as a journeyman in Germany for several years. During this time he began to write literary texts. In 1908 he married Frieda Barth, who gave birth to her son Wolf Peter in 1912.

Schaffner achieved his artistic breakthrough with his novel Konrad Pilater (1910). In 1911 he finally settled in Germany and lived for about a decade in Weimar on Dichterweg, not far from Goethe's garden house . Schaffner was in contact with August Suter from 1911 to 1916 . This helped Suter to get new orders in Mannheim . The friendly relationship ended probably because of opposing political worldview.

In 1922 Jakob Schaffner, now a respected writer, turned to his childhood in literary terms: In his main work, Johannes , he describes the village and life with his grandparents. In 1930 he was made an honorary citizen of Wyhlen, his mother's community of origin.

After the « seizure of power » he was accepted into the purged German Academy of Poetry . In 1936 he published the travel reports Volk zu Schiff. Two sea voyages with the KdF . He wrote u. a. Contributions to the National Socialist weekly newspaper Das Reich .

The fact that Schaffner was in the service of the Nazi ideology also earned him politically driven honors: in 1943 he was awarded the Johann Peter Hebel Prize and in Wyhlen the “Hintergasse” was renamed “Jakob Schaffner Straße”, a circumstance that was eliminated after 1945 by renaming it "Bergstrasse". A commemorative plaque also attached to the Hügel property at Bergstrasse 12 in the 1930s still reminds of him today.

In 1940 Schaffner returned to Switzerland for a private conversation with Federal Councilor Marcel Pilet-Golaz .

Jakob Schaffner was killed in an Allied bombing raid on Strasbourg in 1944 at the age of 68. His burial took place in the same year in Buus, Switzerland, amid major popular protests.

In the Soviet occupation zone and in the German Democratic Republic , many of his writings were placed on the list of literature to be sorted out.

Carl Zuckmayer assessed Schaffner posthumously as follows:

"The author is not aware of any other Swiss who made himself a Nazi apostle and a traitor to the ideals and traditions of his country in this way."

Awards

Works

  • Wanderings . Roman, Berlin 1905 online  - Internet Archive
    • New version: The odyssey of Jonathan Bregger , Berlin 1912
  • The lantern and other short stories , Berlin 1907
  • The Erlhöferin . Roman, Berlin 1908
  • Hans Himmelhoch. Wanderletters to a child of the world , Berlin 1909
  • Konrad Pilater . Roman, Berlin 1910
    • Newly edited, shortened edition: Stuttgart 1922
  • The messenger of God . Roman, Berlin 1911
  • The golden grimace . Novellas, Berlin 1912
  • History of the Swiss Confederation . An illustration, Stuttgart 1915
  • Switzerland in World War I , Berlin 1915
  • The Swiss cross . Novella, Berlin 1916
    • New edition as: Das Liebespfand , Stuttgart 1942
  • The dean of Gottesbüren . Roman, Berlin 1917
  • The German Resurrection. Germany's salvation through the German earth! , Berlin 1919
  • The wisdom of love . Roman, Leipzig 1919
  • Redemption from the class struggle , Leipzig 1920
  • Children of destiny . Roman, Leipzig 1920
  • The Passion Path of a People 1918–1920 , Leipzig 1920
  • John. Novel of a Childhood , Stuttgart 1922 (Vol. 1 of the Johannes tetralogy ) online  - Internet Archive
  • The wonderful . Roman, Stuttgart 1923
  • Brothers . Two stories, Stuttgart 1925
  • The lucky fishermen . Roman, Stuttgart 1925
  • The great experience . Roman, Stuttgart 1926
  • The salvation sold. A story . Im Insel Verlag, Leipzig 1927
  • The youth of Johannes Schattenhold . Roman, Stuttgart 1930 (vol. 2 of the Johannes tetralogy )
  • A German wandering . Roman, Berlin 1933 (vol. 3 of the Johannes tetralogy )
  • Revelation in the German landscape. A summer trip , Stuttgart 1934
  • Larissa , Berlin 1935
  • People to ship. Two sea voyages with the KdF deep sea fleet , Hamburg 1936
  • Mountains, rivers and cities. A Swiss homeland exhibition , Stuttgart 1938
  • The Brandenburg landscape , Hamburg 1938
  • Struggle and maturity . Roman, Stuttgart / Berlin 1939 (vol. 4 of the Johannes tetralogy )
  • The Swiss Confederation and the Third Reich , lecture, 1939
  • The eternal way in the federal letter of 1291 , Zurich 1940
  • The rise of the Empire of Heinrich I , Berlin 1940
  • The fate of the German people , Berlin 1940
  • The clarinet . Narrative. German Folk Books, Wiesbaden 1941
  • The empire within us , Berlin 1943
  • The little world judgment. Drama , Stuttgart 1943
  • City walks. Early narratives . Edited by Charles Linsmayer. Arche, Zurich 1979

literature

  • Heinrich Pälmer: The problem of existence and attitude towards life in Jakob Schaffner's work . Lipstadt i. W. 1933
  • Anny Matthey: About the art of design in Jakob Schaffner's narrative poetry . Univ. Diss., Marburg 1934
  • Pio Fässler: Jakob Schaffner. Life and work . Rascher, Zurich a. a. 1936
  • Annemarie Wettstein: The world of values ​​of the poet Jakob Schaffner, depicted in his work and life . Triltsch, Würzburg 1938
  • Viktor Ott: Studies on the representation of the child in modern Swiss narrative literature . Tschudy, St. Gallen 1944
  • Hans Bänziger: Home and Foreign. A chapter on «tragic literary history» in Switzerland: Jakob Schaffner, Robert Walser , Albin Zollinger . Francke, Bern 1958
  • Hans Broger: Jakob Schaffner “Konrad Pilater” and “Johannes” . Chemoprint, Giessen 1963
  • Karl Schmid : Uneasiness in the small state. Studies on Conrad Ferdinand Meyer , Henri-Frédéric Amiel , Jakob Schaffner, Max Frisch , Jacob Burckhardt . Artemis, Zurich 1963
  • Dieter Fringeli : A Swiss annoyance. The taboo Jakob Schaffner. In: Poets on the sidelines . Artemis, Zurich 1974, pp. 15–31
  • Hans Bänziger: lucky fishermen and emigrants. To Jakob Schaffner. Also a case of exile literature? In: Schweizer Monatshefte 55 (1975/76), pp. 624–634
  • Martin Crabtree: Jakob Schaffner. The search for a home in the novels "Johannes" and the two versions of "Glücksfischer" . Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor / Michigan 1978
  • Hermann Affolter: Contribution to an important phase in the life of the poet Jakob Schaffner. In: Files of the 6th International Germanist Congress (Basel), Bern 1980, pp. 153–158.
  • Urs Gehrig: Life strives for work, and work wants to become life again. Change and constancy in the life and work of Jakob Schaffner . Licentiate thesis, Univ. Zurich 1990
  • Christoph Siegrist: The torn Jakob Schaffner: staunch National Socialist and Swiss patriot. In: Aram Mattioli (ed.): Intellectuals from the right. Orell Füssli, Zurich 1995, pp. 55-72.
  • Reto Caluori: Jakob Schaffner . In: Andreas Kotte (Ed.): Theater Lexikon der Schweiz . Volume 3, Chronos, Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-0340-0715-9 , p. 1582.
  • Charles Linsmayer:  Conductor, Jakob. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 538 ( digitized version ).
  • Christof Wamister (Ed.): It wasn't easy for us in the beginning. The correspondence between Jakob Schaffner and Hermann Hesse. Chronos, Zurich 2009.
  • Wolfgang Proske (Ed.): Perpetrators - helpers - free riders. Nazi victims from southern Baden (=  perpetrators - helpers - free riders . Band 6 ). 1st edition. Kugelberg, Gerstetten 2017, ISBN 978-3-945893-06-7 , pp. 261 ff .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 514.
  2. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1946-nslit-s.html
  3. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1948-nslit-s.html
  4. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1953-nslit-s.html
  5. ^ Quotation from Ernst Klee: Das Kulturlexikon zum Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 514.
  6. ↑ Proof of the award certificate in the Kalliope network .

Web links

Commons : Jakob Schaffner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Conductor, Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss writer
DATE OF BIRTH November 14, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Basel
DATE OF DEATH September 25, 1944
Place of death Strasbourg