Ernst Kapff

Kapff with members of the Reich Limes Commission during the excavations of the Cannstatter Fort 1894-1896

Kapff as a student

Sixt Ernst Kapff (born April 17, 1863 in St. Gallen ; † December 26, 1944 in Göppingen ) was a German writer, reform pedagogue and archaeologist.

Origin and family

Kapff came from a distinguished Württemberg family, which around 1900 was also allowed to call itself "von Kapff". The father Sixt Franz Alexander Kapff (1829–1898) was a teacher at the canton school in St. Gallen when Ernst Kapff was born. On October 17, 1896, Ernst Kapff married Bertha Charlotte Christine Plochmann in Schwäbisch Hall . His daughter Doris married the entrepreneur Gustav Rheinberger .

education

In Ludwigsburg , where the family had moved, Kapff attended elementary school and the lyceum. He then attended high schools in Cannstatt and Stuttgart (Abitur 1881). From 1882 he studied philology and aesthetics at the University of Tübingen . During his studies he became a member of the Germania Tübingen fraternity . He continued his studies in Bonn and Leipzig , but received his doctorate in Tübingen (July 8, 1886). The treatise that Kapff submitted to the faculty was entitled Das Tragische nach A. Schopenhauer and E. v. Hartmann . It was 57 quarters in length. It has not survived in the files of the faculty. At that time there was no obligation to print.

Professional career

After living at home for several years, he passed the humanistic professorial examination in 1890. He taught as an assistant teacher from 1891-1896 at the grammar school in Cannstatt (where his father was rector) and was a teacher at the Karlsgymnasium in Stuttgart from 1896 to 1900, but left the Württemberg civil service to become rector of the municipal middle school in Witzenhausen around 1900 . The physical proximity to the colonial school there was anything but a coincidence, as an advertisement by Kapff in the German Colonial Handbook 1901 shows (see illustration). In 1902 he took over the management of the "German National School for Sons of Germans Abroad" in Wertheim am Main, which had to be given up for financial reasons. Returning to Württemberg in 1906, he got involved in the reform school planned in Degerloch . After a period of several months in Ellwangen , he taught at the Ulm grammar school from 1907 . From 1913 to 1930 he worked as a grammar school professor at the secondary school in Göppingen, where he also lived in retirement.

Kapff was buried in the Uff churchyard in Stuttgart - Bad Cannstatt ; the burial site no longer exists.

Playwright and translator

Kapff wrote a number of dramatic poems, especially as a librettist , and translated works by Guglielmo Ferrero on Roman history. Most of the attention was paid to its size and decline in Rome , from which Kapff transferred volumes 3 to 6 (first edition 1908-1910). He also published numerous, mostly smaller, works on the local history of the Württemberg region.

Rudolf Krauss expressed his appreciation for Kapff's dramatic talent . He said of the Columbus play, performed in 1892, that it betrayed "stage skill and taste, and in the popular scenes a decisive talent for the comic".

Among other things, the novella The Last Right and the text Second (both of which are mentioned in the 1896 correspondence with Hermann Hesse ) remained unprinted .

Reform pedagogue

Advertisement from the German Colonial Handbook from 1901

The proposal of an all-day school developed in the publication Die Erziehungsschule 1906 (referred to by Kapff as "half boarding school") is still being observed today. It was supposed to be located close to nature in the garden districts of the big cities and its concept was similar to the rural education centers .

At Kapff's suggestion, the Stuttgart reform school Heidehof was founded in 1908: "In 1906, Kapff published an essay in which the establishment of a so-called“ forest school ”on the outskirts of Stuttgart was proposed. An association called“ Reformschule Stuttgart ”was then founded Factory owner and patron Heinrich Blezinger was promoted. This association became the sponsor of the school, as its first headmaster Eugen Henschen was appointed ".

Kapff also dealt with pedagogical aspects of German colonialism in several essays. Kapff was also an ardent supporter of German colonial ideology. He wanted to emigrate to Brazil around 1895 ; At that time he already had the prospect of an editor's position (probably with a German newspaper) in Porto Alegre .

German teacher and sponsor of Hermann Hesse

Kapff was Hermann Hesse's German teacher at the Cannstatter Gymnasium (his “youngest and nicest teacher”) and at the same time his mentor . The intensive contact was reflected in an exchange of letters in which Hesse discussed literary topics with Kapff. Both also exchanged ideas about plans to emigrate to Brazil.

archaeologist

In the last decade of the 19th century Kapff was very active as an excavator in the Stuttgart area. Kapff's most important achievement as an archaeologist is the discovery of the Cannstatter Roman fort on the Hallschlag in March 1894 . Kapff published the first volumes of the communications of the Cannstatt Antiquities Association, which was founded at this time, in 1896/98. Kapff's focus was on Roman provincial archeology, but he also published works on other epochs. As a recognized expert, he was allowed to edit the antiquities section of the description of the Cannstatt Oberamt (1895).

Archival material

The main state archive in Stuttgart keeps the extensive personal file as a teacher , as well as a collection of newspaper clippings on his person. The correspondence with Hermann Hesse and other correspondence is in the German Literature Archive Marbach .

Works (selection)

The brochure The Relationship between Christianity and Literature (1893), published by a dean Kapff without a first name , is incorrectly attributed to Ernst Kapff by Burmeister, but originates from the theologian Karl Kapff. Caution is advised when using the second or third hand cited bibliographical information on the articles!

• Pulpit and stage. Historical comedy in five acts . Cannstatt 1889
• Columbus. Acting in five acts . Cannstatt 1893. Music by Josef Anton Mayer
• Eberhard Fraas: Neolithic dwellings at court wall . In: Find reports from Schwaben 1 (1893), p. 22 f. Heidelberg University Library with addendum by co-excavator Kapff ibid 6 (1898), p. 9 f. Heidelberg University Library
• Excavations and finds . In: Find reports from Schwaben 1 (1893), pp. 34–36 Heidelberg University Library
• Count Schenk zu Kastel and the robbery in Germany in the last century . In: Swabian Chronicle . 1893, pp. 497–503 (?)
• Old Ulm. An acting cycle. (The new parish church. - The interim in the minster. - A day of oaths.) As a festival poem to celebrate the completion of the Ulm minster in the summer of 1890 . Ulm 1894
• Untertürkheim . In: Find reports from Schwaben 2 (1894), p. 7f. Heidelberg University Library
• Excavations and finds . In: Prehistorische Blätter 6 (1894), pp. 75–78 UB Heidelberg - zu Stetten im Lontal, Härtsfeld in pre-Roman times
• A new Roman watch tower near Cannstatt . In: Schwäbischer Merkur , 1894, 563
• A newly discovered Roman aqueduct near Zazenhausen . In: Schwäbischer Merkur , 1894, 477
• Mrs. Urschel. From an unprinted play "Johann Enzlin" . In: Blätter des Schwäbischer Albverein , 6, 1894, p. 164 schwaben-kultur.de
• Description of the Upper Office Cannstatt . Stuttgart 1895 Internet Archive . According to the preface, Kapff edited the antiquities (with the exception of the Roman sculptures and monuments) pp. 392–426
• Cannstatt. Fort . In: Limesblatt , 1895, Col. 418-421 UB Heidelberg
• Carneval ante portas or: Siege of Cannstatt during the carnival time 1589. Cannstatt 1895 (copy: Württembergische Landesbibliothek)
• Barrows and alleged earth dwellings in the Oberamt Marbach (Württemberg). In: Prehistorische Blätter 7 (1895), p. 57f. Heidelberg University Library
• The new emigration law and the political situation in South Brazil. In: Export. Organ of the Central Association for Commercial Geography and Promotion of German Interests Abroad. 17 (1895), pp. 697-699 Internet Archive
• Jephthah. Biblical scenes. Leipzig 1895. Music: Josef Anton Mayer, later edition 1905
• German emigration to Brazil . In: Die Grenzboten 55th Vol. 4 (1896), pp. 201-209 UB Bremen
• The German engineers on Lichtenstein. Stage play . Cannstatt 1896
• New finds from Cannstatt . In: Find reports from Schwaben 4 (1896), pp. 36–39 Heidelberg University Library
• The settlement of the Brazilian Alto-Uruguay region . In: Die Grenzboten 56 vol. 4 (1897), pp. 162–168 UB Bremen
• The Roman burial place at Cannstatt Fort . In: Find reports from Schwaben , 5 (1897), pp. 39–41 Heidelberg University Library ; 6 (1898), pp. 48-58 UB Heidelberg ; 8 (1900), pp. 74f. Heidelberg University Library
• The Roman goddess Herecura-Proserpina . In: Schwäbische Kronik 1898, p. 2182
• Collective find of Roman sculptures near Cannstatt (12 sculptures) . In: Schwäbische Kronik 1898, p. 2146
• Roman road near Cannstatt . In: Schwäbische Kronik 1898, p. 1075
• Reference to a lecture anthropological by the Indians of the former Jesuit state in Paraquaria , held on October 8, 1898 in the Württemberg Anthropological Association in: Fund reports from Schwaben 6 (1898), p. 63 Heidelberg University Library (with evidence of newspaper reporting)
• The Roman camp in Cannstatt a. N. In: Blätter des Schwäbischen Albverein 10 (1898), Sp. 427-436 schwaben-kultur.de
• A German Jesuit priest as a colonizer in southern Brazil . In: Die Grenzboten 58 vol. 1 (1899), pp. 259–266 UB Bremen - about Anton Sepp
• Anglo-Saxons and Germans in southern Brazil . In: Die Grenzboten 58 vol. 3 (1899), pp. 145–156 UB Bremen
• Compatriot colonization in southern Brazil . In: Deutsche Kolonialzeitung 16 (1899), p. 26f. Commons
• Cannstatt. Presumed mansio and beneficiarier station at Cannstatt Fort . In: Limesblatt 1899, Sp. 875–879 UB Heidelberg
• New finds from the "Altenburger Feld" near Cannstatt . In: Find reports from Schwaben 8 (1900), pp. 75–77 UB Heidelberg
• World politics and higher education . In: Supplement to Allgemeine Zeitung 1900, No. 16 MDZ Munich
• The new colonization of South America . In: Die Grenzboten 60 vol. 3 (1901), pp. 97-104, 169-177, 212-221 UB Bremen
• World politics and school politics . In: Pedagogical Archive 43 (1901), pp. 420–427 dipf.de
• World politics and higher education . In: Pedagogical Archive 43 (1901), pp. 641–650 dipf.de ; Pp. 738-743 dipf.de
• World politics and higher education II . In: Supplement to Allgemeine Zeitung 1901, No. 18 MDZ Munich
• German National School Wertheim a. M. In: Supplement to the Allgemeine Zeitung 1902, No. 121 MDZ Munich
• German National School Wertheim am Main . Karlsruhe 1902 University Library Cologne
• The German schools abroad . Berlin 1902 Commons
• Colonial education . In: Die Grenzboten 61 vol. 3 (1902), pp. 346–356 UB Bremen
• Our education in the light of world politics . In: Paul Schubert (Ed.): Report on the I. International Congress for School Hygiene . Volume 4, Nuremberg 1904, pp. 452-459 Internet Archive
• A visit to Wilhelm Hauff. Stage play. Composed to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the technical center for the textile industry in Reutlingen . Reutlingen without year [1905]. (Copy: Reutlingen City Archives)
• Share of the Württemberg population in the colonization of America . In: International Americanist Congress. Fourteenth conference in Stuttgart 1904. Stuttgart 1906, p. XLVIII-LVII Internet Archive
• The educational school. A draft for their realization based on the working principle . Stuttgart 1906 University Library Freiburg . Reviews: Journal for Philosophy and Pedagogy dipf.de ; Secondary School Monthly Internet Archive ; Journal of the VDI Internet Archive ; Österreichische Rundschau Internet Archive ; The Türmer Internet Archive
• (uncertain, signed Rector Kapff, which could also be Paul Kapff) The reform of women's education in Prussia . In: Correspondence sheet for the higher schools of Württemberg 13 (1906), pp. 332–336 Internet Archive
• The master of the Gothic winged altars in Heilbronn and Öhringen . In: Heilbronner Unterhaltungsblatt , May 16, 1907
• Finds from early medieval and medieval times in Ulm . In: Find reports from Schwaben , 16 (1908), p. 105f. Commons
• Colonial Education Schools . In: Wilhelm Rein (Hrsg.): Encyklopädisches Handbuch der Pädagogik . 2nd edition, Vol. 8, Langensalza 1908, pp. 86-89 dipf.de
• From the Ides of March to Actium. (Guglielmo Ferrero "The Greatness and Decline of Rome" Volumes III and IV) . In: Special supplement to the Staats-Anzeiger für Württemberg 1909, pp. 49–55 Commons .
• The Uhlandhaus in Tübingen . In: At home. A German family sheet with illustrations 47 (1910), no. 2, pp. 17-19
• The question of German emigration to South America according to the current situation . In: Export 33 (1911), pp. 541-544 Internet Archive
• Magdalenenbrunnen. Opera in 2 acts . Ulm 1912. Music: Josef Anton Mayer. Brief review of the world premiere in Ulm 1911: Commons
• The women of the Caesars . In: Special supplement to the Staats-Anzeiger für Württemberg 1913, pp. 139–144 Commons
• The city school of the future . Stuttgart 1916 SPO , Internet Archive
• Volksoper in the new Germany . In: Neue Musik-Zeitung 37 (1916), pp. 4-7 Internet Archive
• Friedrich List on the essence of the German spirit . In: Special supplement to the Staats-Anzeiger für Württemberg 1918, pp. 62–64 Commons
• Laurin's rose garden. Romantic opera in three acts . Music by Wilhelm Mauke (op. 72). Seal by Ernst Kapff. Vienna 1918 Internet Archive ; Munich 1927
• City school of the future . In: Das Schulhaus 21 (1919), pp. 72–78 Commons .
• Semi-boarding schools outside the big cities. To the essay "The big city school of the future" in volume 3 . In: Das Schulhaus 21 (1919), pp. 145f. Commons .
• The importance of science for education . In: Kosmos 1920
• The 3-class work school of the 4th-6th grade School years as the core of the new educational and work school . Allegedly in: harvest . Yearbook of the bi-monthly publication Das literäre Echo 1920, pp. 74–80 (but not found there)
• Where does the place name Asperg come from? In: Schwäbischer Merkur , 137 (1923), June 16
• Where does the place name "Wirtenberg" come from? In: Special supplement to the Staats-Anzeiger für Württemberg 1923, pp. 59–64 Commons
• Future of our lower evangelical theological seminars . In: Schwäbischer Merkur , 1923, 26.2
• Cannstatt or Kannstatt? In: Schwäbischer Merkur 592 (1926), p. 9
• The place name Rechberg . In: Special supplement to the Staats-Anzeiger für Württemberg 1927, pp. 274–276 Commons
• The Stuttgart painter Karl Urban Keller. A picture of life from the Biedermeier period . In: Schwäbischer Merkur 1927, No. 356
• Shall we deny Rapallo? . In: Der Türmer 30 (1927/28), p. 374
• Johannes Scherr as a poet . In: Sunday supplement to the Swabian Merkur 1928, evening paper no. 578 from 8./9. December 1928 Internet Archive
• Johannes Scherr's literary rebirth . In: Die Gartenlaube 1930, pp. 625f. Internet Archive
• The grave of the honorary citizen of Ulm, Ferdinand von Steinbeis . In: Ulmer Tagblatt 1932
• Johannes Scherr, the son of Rechberg . In: Württemberg 1932, pp. 486-490 Commons
• Around the Hohenstaufen: Local history forays through the Hohenstaufengau . Göppingen 1932 Internet Archive
• Uhland's house and garden through the ages . In: Special supplement to the Staats-Anzeiger für Württemberg 1933, pp. 176–182 Commons
• Wilhelm Hauff and the Tübingen fire riders . In: Württemberg. Swabian monthly books in the service of people and homeland 1933, pp. 256-259 Commons
• The settlement of the Welzheim forest and the court of seventeen near Seelach . In: Blätter des Welzheimer Waldverein 1934, pp. 91–93 Internet Archive .
• The early medieval royal palaces in today's Württemberg. In: Sunday supplement to the Swabian Merkur 1935 No. 246
• The "Schlößle" in the hamlet of Kapf near Alfdorf . In: Blätter des Welzheimer Waldverein 1935, pp. 4–5 Internet Archive .
• From the royal palace to today's Bodman . In: Alemannisches Volk 4 (1936), pp. 37-39
• From wild land to cultural landscape. An excerpt from the settlement history of the Alb foreland . In: Blätter des Schwäbischen Albverein 48 (1936), pp. 211-214 schwaben-kultur.de
• The Welzheimer and Murrhardter Wald through the ages . In: Blätter des Welzheimer Waldverein 11 (1938), pp. 33-36, 41-43, 50f., 62f. Internet Archive
• A puzzling field name and its meaning . In: Blätter des Schwäbischen Albverein 51 (1939) p. 124f. schwaben-kultur.de
• The hamlet of Kapf and the "Schlössle" . In: Blätter des Welzheimer Waldverein 1939, pp. 43–44 Internet Archive
• Friedrich Ludwig Bührlen. A forgotten poet of the Biedermeier period . In: Sunday supplement to the Swabian Merkur 1940 No. 234, 240 Internet Archive
• Ferdinand Steinbeis and the rise of Württemberg . In: Stuttgarter Neues Tagblatt , 1941, No. 52

literature

• Literarisches Jahrbuch 1 (1902), p. 225 Internet Archive .
• Franz Brümmer : Lexicon of German poets and prose writers from the beginning of the 19th century to the present . 6th edition, Leipzig 1913, pp. 407f. archive.org , DTA .
• Childhood and youth before nineteen hundred. Hermann Hesse in letters and testimonials . Edited by Ninon Hesse Vol. 1–2, Frankfurt a. M. 1966-1988.
• Ursula Apel : Hermann Hesse: People and key figures in his life. An alphabetical annotated list of names with all sources in his works and letters . Vol. 2, Munich a. a. 1989, p. 523. Supplement 1993, p. 243.
• Oscar Paret : Ernst Kapff. Educator and archaeologist. 1863-1944 . In: Annual issue of the Geschichts- und Altertumsverein Göppingen 3 (1962), p. 9 (illustration), 10–15
• Karl Heinz Burmeister : Kapff, Sixt Ernst, archaeologist, educator, writer, translator * April 17th, 1863 St. Gallen, ev., † December 26th, 1944 Göppingen. In: Maria Magdalena Rückert (Ed.): Württembergische biographies including Hohenzollern personalities. Volume I. On behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-17-018500-4 , pp. 122-125 online version .

Web links

Commons : Ernst Kapff  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

1. ↑ Martin Honecker:  Kapff. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3 , pp. 130-132 ( digitized version ). (Family item). From grandfather Sixt August Kapff there is an ancestral list on genealogy.net up to Claus Schenk from Kapf (Alfdorf) , who is given there as the illegitimate son of the Schenken Friedrich von Limpurg .
2. ↑ The mother was Emma nee Binder: Burmeister p. 122 and ahnenforschung-kunert.de (PDF).
3. ↑ Born on February 2, 1875 in Kaisersbach as the daughter of Carl Plochmann (head forester in Neuffen) and Karoline née Rappold: Burmeister p. 122 and information from the Göppingen City Archives from the family register vol. 23/221 and the residents' registration card. Kapff was related by marriage to the publisher of Swabian Mercury, Arnold Elben, who a year later married another daughter of Plochmann (Clara): Wegener's Who is it? 1935, p. 353.
4. ^ Message from the Göppingen City Archives from the family register vol. 23/221 and the residents' registration card: Doris was born on September 10, 1898 in Cannstatt. The marriage took place on July 12, 1919 in Göppingen. The son Sixt Hans Paul, born on December 9, 1900 in Witzenhausen, married Elisabeth Steinbeis, born on June 20, 1906 in Bad Aibling . According to the obituary notice in Der Hohenstaufen of December 30, 1944 No. 306 ( illustration ) there were five grandchildren and one great-grandson at the time.
5. ^ Directory of the old men of the German fraternity. Überlingen am Bodensee 1920, p. 235.
6. ↑ Internet Archive .
7. ^ Message from the University Archives of Tübingen.
8. ↑ The information from Paret is more detailed than from Burmeister.
9. ^ Message from the Göppingen City Archives from the family register vol. 23/221 and the residents' registration card: Kapff moved to Göppingen on November 1, 1919. Apartment Marktstrasse 25.
10. ↑ Digitized version of the performance files: http://www.landesarchiv-bw.de/plink/?f=2-33924 .
11. ↑ Die Zukunft 1 (1892), p. 283 Internet Archive . Similarly in the Swabian Literature History Vol. 2, Leipzig / Tübingen 1899, p. 355 Internet Archive .
12. ↑ Childhood and Youth Vol. 2, pp. 40, 57 f., 88. An insight into Kapff's literary fiction activities is provided by a letter from Ernst Kapff to the director of the Tübingen Rainer Wunderlich Verlag, Hermann Leins , dated September 17, 1942 (handed down to the city archive Reutlingen N 510 b: Rainer Wunderlich Verlag / partial estate of Hermann Leins No. 949, Doc. 286).
13. ↑ Kapff is often mentioned in descriptions of the historical origins of the all-day school, see for example Harald Ludwig: Modern all-day school as a model of school reform in the 20th century. Historical development and educational reform origins of today's all-day school . In: Appel, Stefan u. a. (Ed.): New opportunities for education. Schwalbach, Taunus: Wochenschau-Verlag 2003, pp. 25–41, here pp. 28f. pedocs , the full-text search in Open Access - repository pedocs and Christine Hesener: origin and development of all-day schooling in Germany . vbe-nrw.de .
14. ↑ PDF (apparently a lecture by Jürgen Oelkers ). The Ludwigsburg State Archives are keeping a "submission by the Rector Dr. E. Kapff, head of the German National School in Wertheim / Main regarding the establishment of a reform school in Degerloch" . See also: 100 Years of the Heidehof Reform School 1908-2008, p. 33.
15. ↑ Childhood and Youth Vol. 2, p. 12. According to Internet Archive , he worked on the monthly German-Brazilian News founded in 1897 .
16. ^ Letter texts in the edition: Childhood and Youth. On the relationship between Hesse and Kapff: Richard C. Helt: A poet or nothing at all: the Tübingen and Basel years of Hermann Hesse . Providence / Oxford 1996, pp. 36–39, excerpt from Google Books . During Hesse's time in Cannstatt: gss.ucsb.edu (PDF; 178 kB).
17. ↑ The publication was carried out after Kapff's preliminary work, Walter Barthel (archaeologist) in 1907: The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreiches , Dept. B, Vol. 5.1, No. 59. On Kapff as an archaeologist in detail: Paret.
18. ↑ Burmeister, p. 124.
19. ↑ landesarchiv-bw.de
20. ↑ landesarchiv-bw.de
21. ↑ staatsbibliothek-berlin.de with further references (Tübingen, Munich).
22. ↑ Archivalia .
23. ↑ Ingeborg Krekler: Catalog of handwritten theater books of the former Württembergischen court theater (manuscripts Théâtrales) . Wiesbaden 1979, p. 187.
24. ^ Report on the performance in the General-Anzeiger from June 13, 1896.