Pawiak
The Pawiak ( Polish : [ˈpavjak] ) was a notorious prison for political prisoners in the center of the Polish capital Warsaw from 1835 to 1944 . After the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was suppressed , it served the Nazi state as a concentration camp .
history
The prison was built by Tsarist Russia between 1829 and 1835 between Dzielna and Pawia Streets (hence the name) according to plans by the architect Henryk Marconi as a Russian detention center, where numerous Polish political prisoners were held during the January uprising . It also served as an internment camp for prisoners who were exiled to Siberia. In independent Poland , Pawiak served as a remand prison for political prisoners and criminals.
However, it only became a symbol of oppression and annihilation during the German occupation in World War II . Between 1939 and 1944, a total of around 100,000 men and several thousand women in the adjoining women's prison “Serbia” were held there: members of the Polish underground, but also indiscriminately arrested during the daily raids. Of these, around 37,000 people were murdered and another 60,000 were sent to the concentration camps . For questioning inmates were often in the remand prison of the Gestapo in Aleja Szucha spent.
Because of its location in the Warsaw ghetto , the Pawiak served the Germans as a base for fighting the Jews during the ghetto uprising .
From July 19th to 20th, 1944, a riot began in the prison aimed at a mass outbreak . The riot was supported by an external attack by the Polish Home Army , with which the prisoners were connected through Kassiber . The uprising and the attack failed. 380 prisoners were then executed.
The last deportation of prisoners before the Warsaw Uprising took place on July 30, 1944. 2,000 men and 400 women were deported to the Groß-Rosen and Ravensbrück concentration camps. After the uprising broke out on August 1, 1944, all remaining prisoners were shot and the building was blown up on August 21. Only a few remains of the wall and an elm tree growing nearby , to which memorial plaques were attached, remained. After the tree threatened to die due to Dutch elm disease , it was replaced by a bronze cast in 2005. The salvaged remains of the tree were prepared and are now in the memorial museum. This has been on the site of the former prison since 1990.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pawiak - historia więzienia ( pl ) Archived from the original 2010. Accessed April 27, May 6, 2011th
Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ' N , 20 ° 59' E