Tibor Schön

Tibor Schön / טִיבּוֹר שֶיְן
Tibor Schön (left) with sports friend, 1931
Personal information
Surname:	Tibor Moses Schön / טִיבּוֹר מֹשֶׁה שֶיְן
Nickname (s):	Tibia
Nation:	Hungary , Palestine Mandate , Israel
Swimming style (s) :	Breast , butterfly , beach ball
Society:	VAC Budapest , Maccabi Haifa
Birthday:	September 8, 1911
Place of birth:	Győr
Date of death:	April 11, 1984
Place of death:	Haifa
Medal table

Tibor Moses Schön ( Hebrew טִיבּוֹר מֹשֶׁה שֶיְן Ṭībōr Mošeh Šejn ; born on September 8, 1911 in Raab , Austria-Hungary , died on April 11, 1984 in Haifa , Israel ) was an Israeli architect of Hungarian origin. From the mid-1930s until his death, he mainly built residential and commercial buildings in the greater Haifa area. At a young age he was successful as a water sportsman in Hungary and Palestine and won national competitions.

Life

Tibor Schön was born in Győr in 1911 as the son of the businessman Artúr Schön (1882–1944) and his wife Ilona, ​​née Brúder (1883–1944). Tibor Schön had an older brother, Bernát (1909–1989), and a younger sister, Else (1914–1994; married Rotter). They grew up in a middle-class family that had lived there for three generations. The mother came from Keléd and shaped her children through her musical talents.

Győr: Parents house in Kisfaludy utca No. 15, 2011

In Győr, the Schöns lived in Kisfaludy utca  15 in the center of the city, which at that time was a bourgeois district. The family was bilingual, German and Hungarian . With the beginning of the First World War, Artúr Schön advanced as k. and k. An artillery officer and was seconded to Esslingen am Neckar in 1914 , where the Esslingen machine factory delivered guns. Daughter Else was born in Esslingen in September 1914. Artúr Schön later fought at the front in what is now South Tyrol and after the war he returned to Győr, where the rest of the family had moved during the war. Tibor Schön became a Bar Mitzvah in 1924 , which he celebrated with family, friends and community in the Great Synagogue in Budapest .

After graduating from school in Győr in 1927 with high school diploma , Schön wanted to study. However, as a result of the numerus clausus introduced for Jews in Hungary in 1920 , Jewish Hungarians with a university entrance qualification, unlike Hungarians of other denominations, were only able to study if they also had top grades or paid a substantial transfer fee. Schön's good Matura was not enough and his parents could not afford the transfer fee. Fortunately, Schön's uncle Ignác Brúder (1865–1930), a publisher in Győr, was able and willing to pay.

Schön and fellow students pose with ranging poles during surveying exercises outside Budapest, 1928

So Schön was able to attend the k. u. Joseph University of Technology and Economics in Budapest to study architecture. At the beginning of his studies, Tibor Schön experienced a violent attack by anti-Semitic fellow students first hand. Artúr Schön then kept himself in his function as World War II veteran and reserve officer with the responsible dean, whereupon such an incident did not repeat itself. In June 1930, Schön completed his studies with an architectural diploma.

As a student he joined the sports club VAC Budapest , which was part of the Maccabi World Union . In VAC he competed in swimming and water polo and won swimming competitions and medals.

Nescher cement works, 1936: driveway with concrete ceiling

Early career years

In 1930 he went to Paris , where his brother, the musician, had been living for a year to study modern construction technology and styles . After two years he returned and worked for half a year in the architecture office of Ferencz Frischmann in Győr and later in the office of Manó Ádler, where he specialized in technology and construction of concrete road surfaces . Growing anti-Semitism in Hungary alienated Schön from his homeland, so that during these years he and his sister Else, also an active water sports enthusiast, made the decision to do Alijah .

Tibor Schön with sister Else on his right in the middle of the Hungarian swim team, 1931

Aliyah to Erez Yisrael

When a delegation from VAC Budapest, as well as one from SC Hakoah Vienna , traveled to the British Mandate Palestine ( Eretz Yisrael ) for the first time in Haifa in 1933 to take part in a training camp in Haifa, the water sports enthusiasts Else and were also included Tibor Schön on that.

The group traveled from Budapest by train via Rome to Naples, where they embarked on the Italian Vulcania . Via Messina and Piraeus they went to Haifa, where they disembarked on May 22, 1933. First, the Schön siblings took part in the training camp at Kishon near Haifa. As an amateur photographer , Tibor Schön documented the entire journey and the training camp. When the water sports enthusiasts returned to Budapest in June 1933, the Schön siblings stayed in the country, settled in Haifa and found accommodation in Rechov ha-Gidem (today Rechov Joseph ).

Lorry between the lime quarry and the cement works in Nescher, 1937

Initially without a legal residence, Tibor Schön got a job in September 1933 at the Nescher cement works founded in 1923 (נֶשֶׁר מִפְעָלֵי מֶלֶט יִשְׂרָאֵלִיִּים Nescher Mifʿalej Meleṭ Jisra'elijjīm ) in the place named after the company Nescher near Haifa. The Nescher company provided the coveted concrete construction expert with a residence permit for the mandate area. His sister hadacquired residency rightsthrough marriage to a Palestinian resident . After the Mandate Government changed the building regulations in 1932 to allow the erection of exposed concrete structures in Mandate Palestine (with the exception of Jerusalem), a concrete building boom began which fueled Nescher's expansion. Schön also worked with Josef Berger from Viennain his architectural office.

Olympiabad in front of the casino and the Stella Maris Monks' Carmel on Mount Carmel , 1940s

The outstanding water sports enthusiast Schön was able to continue his sporting passion as a member of Maccabi Haifa from 1934 and took part in competitions for the club, where he also won medals and titles. In 1934 Maccabi Haifa was still training on the outside of the breakwater of the new Haifa port . Since the opening of the lake water- fed Olympic pool in 1935, the Maccabi team has trained in its 50-meter pool next to the casino in the Bat Gallim district .

Nescher cement works: Halls built by Schön, 1938

At the first Palestinian national championships in 1936, which took place in the Jarkon in Tel Aviv, Schön took part as a member of Maccabi Haifa. Athletes from Maccabi Haifa won six out of seven competitions, Schön won one of them, with 1: 31.1 ° over the distance of 100 meters breaststroke , Schön received the gold medal.

As the Nescher architect, Tibor Schön was responsible for the company's structural tasks, including the expansion of the cement plant. As part of this activity, Schön first built timber-framed warehouses in Nescher . In 1939 he expanded the factory in Nescher by one to two lime kilns, which, unlike the first, imported from Germany, were not imported, but manufactured in the country according to his plans. The third lime kiln followed in 1959 .

Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur, around 1942

Schön's first building inspections took place in the 1930s. In 1935/1936, he managed the construction of the Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur (בֵּית סֵפֶר לִמְלָאכָה עַל שֵׁם לוּדְבִיג טִיץ Bejt Sefer li-Mlachah Ludwig Tietz ) with boarding school, named after Ludwig Tietz (1897–1933), the deceased deputy C.V. chairman. The Central Association (C.-V.) commissioned Erich Mendelsohn to draw up the plans. In the Ludwig Tietz training workshop, 60 German apprentices who came to the country through the Youth Aliyah learned a trade. The training workshop mainly offered vocational training in the field of construction and related professions.

In 1937, Schön also joined the Maccabi Haifa water polo team . The following year Schön represented his new home country for the first time at a regional swimming competition in Egypt . In 1939 Schön swam for Maccabi Haifa in swimming competitions in the big cities of Palestine, Haifa, Rishon leZion, Tel Aviv etc.

In September 1942, Schön and other water sports enthusiasts represented Palestine in competitions against swimmers in the French mandate of Lebanon . The Lebanese returned the visit in October 1942 and competed in the Olympic pool in Haifa. Until 1943 Schön represented Maccabi Haifa in competitions. Because of a kidney disease, Schön had to undergo an operation in 1944 and, on the advice of the treating doctors, no longer took part in competitions.

Nescher cement works: New lime kiln, 1939

In the civil war between the Arabs and the Jewish Palestinians , Arab combatants interrupted the neighboring villages of Balad asch-Schaych and Ḥawāssa (حواسة/חוואסה) operated out, the connection between Haifa and Nescher, which latter they shot at, which is why local residents and workforce, including Schön, holed up in houses or cement works. In November 1947, Schön was stuck in Nescher for a few days, after which - until the end of the battle of Haifa , which was victorious for the Jewish Palestinians on April 21, 1948  - he drove to Nescher in an armored vehicle, by means of which the connection between Nescher and Haifa was maintained.

Ramla cement plant, 1959

Later professional years

Schön remained an architect at Zementwerke Nescher near Haifa for 20 years. At the beginning of the 1950s he was in charge of planning and construction (1950–1953) of the Nescher branch in Ramla . Schön was a member of the professional association Aguddat ha-Īnʤīnerīm we-ha-Archīṭeqṭīm (אֲגוּדַּת הָאִינְגִ'ינֶרִים וְהָאָרְכִיטֶקְטִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל Association of Engineers and Architects in Israel ).

Givʿat Nescher: Synagogue with Torah niche, 2010

1954 Nice resigned his post at the company Nescher on and worked as a city building director of the city of Nesher, in which capacity he synagogue in the district Giv'at Nesher and Miqweh planned and built. During this time he also took his first private orders and built houses in the Elro'i (Elroy;אֶלרוֹאִי), Qirjat ʿAmal (קִרְיַת עָמָל) and Qiryat Kharoschet (קִרְיַת חֲרוֹשֶׁת; all three today districts of Qirjat Ṭivʿon ). In Kfar Hasidim (כְּפָר חֲסִידִים) and Haifa he built several houses together with the architectural office Schmu'el Rosoff (1900–1975), Haifa.

Buildings in Rechov Smolenskin , Haifa

The traditional association of former members and the friends of Ha-Shomer commissioned Schön in 1956 to build an event and conference center in memory of this organization. In 1956/1957 Schön planned and built in Bejt Saïd (בֵּית זַיִד) said center, the Beyt Aguddat ha-Shomrim (בֵּית אֲגוּדַּת הַשּׁוֹמְרִים), which was very important to him, as he considered its design and construction to be particularly successful. He also planned and built several houses in the Arab village of Furaidis in the 1960s and 1970s. In Haifa he built houses in the streets of Rechov Morad Samir (רְחוֹב מוֹרָד זָמִיר), Rechov Peretz Smolenskin (רְחוֹב פֶּרֶץ סְמוֹלֶנְסְקִין), Rechov Tel Mane (רְחוֹב תֵּל מָאנֵה), Rechov Jotam (רְחוֹב יוֹתָם), Rechov Einstein (רְחוֹב אַיְינְשְׁטַיְין), Rechov Abba Chuschi (רְחוֹב אַבָּא חוּשִׁי) and in the Givʿat Downes district (גִּבְעַת דָּאוּנְס). In Haifaner Rechov ha-Rofe´ (רְחוֹב הָרוֹפֵא) he planned and built the modern district of Shchunat ha- Bahá'íjjim (שְׁכוּנַת הַבָּהָאִיִּים).

Beyt Aguddat ha-Shomrim in the 1960s

family

After Else Schön married and Tibor Schön had established himself professionally, he got engaged in December 1936 to Anna (Channah) Grünberg (1912–1978) from Schotsen , Bukowina. The two married in February 1937 and over the years had two daughters, Judith in 1938 and Mira in 1943. Ilona Schön visited her children and their families in 1937. Ilona and Artúr Schön were abducted in 1944 and murdered immediately after arriving at Auschwitz on June 18, 1944, as their relatives learned in 1946. In 1965 Schön and his wife visited the town of his birth at the invitation of the Jewish community of Győr, of which 5,700 members were once still living in 1946 and attended the inauguration of the memorial for the victims of the Shoah from Győr at the local Jewish cemetery part.

Tibor and Channah Schön lived in the Rechov Jala "g  1 (רְחוֹב יָלָ"ג), then in Rechov Ge'ullah  27 (רְחוֹב גְּאֻלָּה) and finally in Rechov Pevsner 36 (רְחוֹב פֶּבְזְנֶר), all in the Haifan garden city of Hadar ha-Carmel (הָדָר הַכַּרְמֶל). In the early 1960s, he and his family moved to Mount Carmel in Haifa into their own, self-designed and built two-story house with a garden, which he was happy to design. Schön died on April 11, 1984 at home at the age of 72 and was born in the Kfar Samir cemetery (בֵּית הָעַלְמִין שְׂדֶה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּכְּפָר סָמִיר) buried on the southern slopes of the Carmel at the side of his wife.

Beyt Aguddat ha-Shomrim in Beyt Said , 2018

Works (selection)

• Bejt ha-Shomrim in Bejt Said , 1957
• Synagogue in Givʿat Nescher (to the city of Nescher), 1953
• Nescher lime kilns
• Ramla cement plant in Ramla
• Lorenbahn from the cement works in Nescher to limestone quarries on the Carmel

bibliography

• Uri Jaron (אוּרִי יָרוֹן), יוֹבֵל הַ 50 ... 1929-1976 / אֲגוּדַּת מַכָּבִּי חֵיפָה - מַחְלֶקֶת הַשְּׂחִיָּה וְהַכַּדּוּר מַיִם , Haifa:הָאֲגֻדָּה, 5736 ^{Jew. Cal.} ( Greg. Cal .: From September 6, 1975 to September 24, 1976)
• Uri Jaron, יוֹבֵל 90 לְמַכָּבִּי חֵיפָה 2002–1912 , Haifa:הוֹצָאַת מַכָּבִּי חֵיפָה - כַּרְמֶל, 2006
• On the opening of the Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur , Reich Representation of Jews in Germany (publisher), Berlin: Lichtwitz, 1937.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Győr's synagogue was too small for the larger community and was under renovation for the purpose of expansion.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Uri Jaron (אוּרִי יָרוֹן), יוֹבֵל הַ 50 ... 1929-1976 / אֲגוּדַּת מַכָּבִּי חֵיפָה - מַחְלֶקֶת הַשְּׂחִיָּה וְהַכַּדּוּר מַיִם , Haifa:הָאֲגֻדָּה, 5736 ^{Jew. Kal.} ( Greg. Kal .: From September 6, 1975 to September 24, 1976), p. 57.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Uri Jaron (אוּרִי יָרוֹן), יוֹבֵל הַ 50 ... 1929-1976 / אֲגוּדַּת מַכָּבִּי חֵיפָה - מַחְלֶקֶת הַשְּׂחִיָּה וְהַכַּדּוּר מַיִם , Haifa:הָאֲגֻדָּה, 5736 ^{Jew. Kal.} ( Greg. Kal .: From September 6, 1975 to September 24, 1976), p. 58.
4. ↑ The somewhat idiosyncratic transliteration לוּדְבִיג for Ludwig the more common form soon gave way לוּדְווִיג.
5. ↑ Otto Hirsch , "Jagur", in: On the opening of the Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur , Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland (Ed.), Berlin: Lichtwitz, 1937, p. 5seq., Here p. 5 , accessed on February 11 2019.
6. ↑ As the federal leader of the German-Jewish Youth Community (DJJG), Tietz was elected chairman of the Reich Association of Jewish Youth Associations in 1927 and remained in this office until his death. Cf. Georg Lubinski, “A life for young people”, in: On the opening of the Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur , Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland (Ed.), Berlin: Lichtwitz, 1937, pp. 37–40, here p. 37 , accessed on February 11, 2019.
7. ↑ Friedrich Brodnitz , "Kampf um die Jewish Agency", in: On the opening of the Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur , Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland (Ed.), Berlin: Lichtwitz, 1937, pp. 40–46, here p. 46 , accessed on February 11, 2019.
8. ↑ Friedrich Brodnitz, "Kampf um die Jewish Agency", in: On the opening of the Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur , Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland (Ed.), Berlin: Lichtwitz, 1937, pp. 40–46, here photo between pp. 40 and 41 , accessed February 11, 2019.
9. ↑ Eva Stern, "Beginning of Youth Alija", in: On the opening of the Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur , Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland (Ed.), Berlin: Lichtwitz, 1937, pp. 31–33, here p. 33 , accessed on February 11, 2019.
10. ↑ It was the third such educational institution besides the Technion craft school in Haifa and the Tel Aviv Max Pein School of the Histadrut . Cf. Max Kreutzberger, "Education for the job: Vocational training in Palestine", in: On the opening of the Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur , Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland (Ed.), Berlin: Lichtwitz, 1937, pp. 7-14, here p . 11 , accessed February 11, 2019.
11. ↑ Max Kreutzberger, "Education for the job: Vocational training in Palestine", in: On the opening of the Ludwig Tietz training workshop in Jagur , Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland (Ed.), Berlin: Lichtwitz, 1937, pp. 7-14, here p. 13 , accessed February 11, 2019.