SC Hakoah Vienna

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The SC Hakoah Vienna ( Hebrew הַכֹּחַ וִינָה ha-Koach Winah , German ' Die Kraft Wien' ) is a Jewish sports club in Vienna , which was originally founded to “maintain football, light and difficult athletics, winter and water sports”. The SC Hakoah Vienna, founded in 1909, is based in the Wiener Krieau . After the annexation of Austria in 1938, the National Socialists smashed the association whose members they were persecuting. After the end of the Second World War , the association was reactivated. Today it consists of the sections basketball , karate , swimming , tourism and ski club, tennis , table tennis , boxing , judo , wrestling and hiking . In the history of the club there were also sections for fencing , hockey , athletics , ice hockey , handball , chess and water polo .

At the time of the First Republic, SC Hakoah Vienna was one of the strongest football clubs in Austria. In 1923, Hakoah was the first continental European club to beat an English football club away from home with the FA Cup finalist West Ham United and, under captain Maxl Scheuer - he was later murdered by the National Socialists - was the first Austrian champion in professional football in 1925 . But also the swimming section and the wrestlers had considerable success. They won two medals each at the European Championships and the Olympic Games.

Overview and current amateur sport

Club emblem

The Viennese Hakoah is known for its successes in the interwar period until it was broken up. During this time, patrons and sponsors tried to make the football club useful for non-sporting goals as well: As a public means of demonstrating Jewish self-confidence, the club was able to rely on an enthusiastic following. The original Zionist orientation of the association was given up when it was re-established in 1945. The club is currently represented in team basketball in 1st class Vienna (men) and offers the individual sports of karate, swimming, tennis and table tennis.

After the 2001 "Washington Agreement " stipulated the partial return and renovation of the former premises of the Jewish sports club in the Krieau, in 2005 part of the original space in the Vienna Prater was restituted. The foundation stone for the new Hakoah sports center was laid on December 11, 2006; the shell construction ceremony took place on May 16, 2007. On March 11, 2008, the Karl Haber sports center was opened on a third of the former site, 70 years after the confiscation by the National Socialists. 500 guests of honor, including the Mayor of Vienna and the Austrian Chancellor, were present. After the Second World War, the stadium's namesake, top athlete Karl Haber , tried unsuccessfully to get back the property that had been confiscated from the Hakoah. His son Paul Haber is now president of Hakoah Vienna and commented on the opening with the words “70 years ago the association was smashed by the SA. But the Third Reich fell - and the Hakoah lives! "

History of the Hakoah footballers

1909–1911: Foundation and early years

The SC Hakoah Vienna was founded by Jewish students with the aim of founding a sports club "which should offer Jewish youth the opportunity to do physical exercises and, as conscious Jews, to take part in sports battles with other clubs." The impetus for the founding of the Hakoah is the guest performance of the Jewish association Vívó és Atlétikai Club from Budapest on May 23, 1909 in Vienna, which competed against the second team of the Vienna Cricket and Football Club . Lipott Weiß , the head of the "Vívó" at the time, encouraged the Jewish students to form their own association and also became a founding member. Under the leadership of David Weinberger, the constituent general assembly was finally held on September 16, 1909 in the rooms of the "Reading and Speech Hall of Jewish Students" in Hörlgasse on Alsergrund in Vienna . The lawyer and writer Fritz Löhner was elected as the first president . The new club played its first game against the "Vívó" and joined the Austrian Football Association after a few more friendly games during the winter break of the 1909/10 season . The first association game played the blue and white, as the team was soon called after their dress color, against the Floridsdorfer Columbia ; it ended 0:10.

The duel with the sports club in 1908 , which also consisted almost entirely of Jewish players and played its games equally in the Viennese inundation area , soon developed into a small local rivalry . Although he was usually superior to the Hakoah, a large part of his players joined the blue and white in 1910, which meant a significant improvement in playing strength for the club. After joining the ÖFV, the club took part in a championship round for the first time in the 1910/11 season. As a newcomer to the league, he started in the lowest division, the II. C class, which was then the fourth level in Austrian football. In its first year of play, the Hakoah did not yet play a significant role in the II. C class; However, since several clubs at higher levels disbanded or stopped playing, the blue and white were granted promotion to the II. B class at the end of the season. From this season on, the history of the footballers separated from the entire club. If they had formed the only section so far, the club decided to introduce more sections with the swimmers and track and field athletes and soon had many more to follow. The footballers were, however, continued as an independent club that maintained close ties to the other sports.

1911–1918: Ascents and First World War

After the club had moved up from the fourth grade, the Hakoah took third place in the new level 1911/12 , behind FC Sturm 07 and Rennweger SV . At the beginning of the season, the club had its first own soccer field, Birner-Platz in Floridsdorf . The promotion to the II. A-class should be achieved as early as 1913 . For a long time the Hakoah only fought with SK Admira Wien for promotion to the second highest division, but ultimately had to admit defeat due to the poorer goal difference. Since not all clubs took part in the last games and these were thus 3-0 criminally verified, the final picture was distorted, so that the ÖFV also granted the Hakoah promotion after request. Having reached the second stage of the game, along with Admira, SC Wacker Wien developed into the Hakoahners' toughest competitor. After a very good first half of the season for the club in the 1913/14 season, the Hakoah team faced the Meidlingers at Wackerplatz in Edelsinnsstraße in the decisive game for the autumn championship title. The blue and white team surprisingly won the “memorable game” 2-0, with goalkeeper Willy Halpern shining in particular , who saved two penalties from Franz Twaroch . At the time, he was a striker of the national team .

As autumn champions, the Hakoah had a good chance of making the leap into the highest Austrian league. After a weaker second half of the season, however, the club slipped to third place at the end of the season. The outbreak of the First World War in the summer of 1914 forced the Hakoahners to stop playing and withdraw from the championship. Numerous players on the combat team were called up as soldiers, so that at times members of the swimming or athletics section on the team were used in friendly games. In 1916, the club management under Arthur Baar decided to return to championship operations. The Hakoah even took second place behind SC Donaustadt in the second stage in 1917 . On July 15, 1917, goalkeeper Willy Halpern was the first Hakoahn player to play an international match for Austria against Hungary.

1918–1920: The Hakoah becomes first class

After the blue and white had placed themselves twice in the middle of the table with a seventh and a fourth place, the club wanted to create promotion to the first class in the first peace championship in 1919/20 . Under the prominent coach Gustl Huber , a duel with Schwechater Germania for the promotion spot soon developed . The decisive meeting of the two teams in the first half of the season brought a new attendance record in the second division with 15,000 fans despite the freezing cold on December 14, 1919. Hakoah won 2-1 over the Lower Austrians with goals from Isidor Gansl and Max Grünfeld and was thus unbeaten autumn champions. In the second half of the season, the Hakoah were able to remain victorious against Schwechat 2-1 and otherwise only be defeated once by the Ottakringer SC. The Jewish sports club had become first class. In the new cup competition , the club reached the semi-finals, where it did not have to admit defeat to the first division club amateurs 1: 3 until June 16, 1920 .

To celebrate this triumph, the club soon published its own small book entitled The Hakoah - Your Way from Fourth to First Class , which describes the history of the rise and the players in the soccer club. The attitude towards the association, which initially received little sympathy not only from non-Jewish but also from many Jewish Viennese, had changed significantly over the years. The book published in 1923 reads: “Even the opponents had to recognize the sacrifice, the impeccable demeanor and, above all, the honest striving of the Jewish sports people, and everywhere it even provided evidence of sympathy for the Hakoahners. A friendly relationship even developed with most of the clubs and the Jewish club no longer had any problems to complain about within the association. ”In his essay“ Why I'm proud of it ”, the Austrian author Friedrich Torberg described a well-known episode of a Hakoah game the epoch at that time:

“Hakoah had to play the spring championship game against the hosts on the Brigittenauer AC pitch, who were penultimate in the table, just one point ahead of Vorwärts 06. If the Brigittenauer lost to Hakoah, Vorwärts 06 had another chance to win save from relegation to third grade. As a result, the entire forward appendix appeared in Brigittenau to “print” for Hakoah. [...] Especially a forward supporter leaning against the barrier screamed his throat hoarse. In such situations, it is customary to call the cheered player by name - but the cheer didn't know him. And the usual term that he generally had ready for Jews - namely 'Saujud' - did not seem right to him at that moment. 'Hoppauf!' so he yelled, and again 'Hoppauf!' - and then an illumination came to him. His next call was: 'Hoppauf. Mr. Jud! '"

- Friedrich Torberg, Why I am proud of it

1920–1924: runner-up and victory over West Ham

Over 30,000 spectators followed the call and on May 7, 1922 saw the first championship game of the Hakoah Sports Club in the Krieauer Stadium, thanks to Hans Kanhäuser the guests were honored to win.

The debut in the first division for the Hakoah ended with a 1: 3 against SpC Rudolfshügel . Thanks to striker Isidor Gansl, who had already gained experience in the first division at the WAF , the Hakoah was soon able to celebrate its first victories: Admira , the sports club , Simmering - Gansl scored a hat trick in this game - and the WAF were defeated as well as a draw against Wacker. Thus the new league leader Hakoah was the new leader of the Austrian championship. The summit meeting with the serial champions of previous years, Rapid , took place on November 14, 1920 in front of 25,000 spectators at the overcrowded FAC square, which led to a complete collapse of public transport. The Hakoah took the lead thanks to "Isi" Gansl, but Pepi Uridil ultimately scored the 1-1 for Rapid. The blue and whites maintained their lead in the table, after a weaker second half of the season, the club finished its first Austrian championship in fourth place. The downward trend after the good start in the first class did not last , however, in the following season 1921/22 the Hakoah fought with the Wiener Sport-Club from Dornbach for the Austrian championship until the last day of the game. The blue and white were dependent on a defeat of the Dornbacher, but this succeeded a 1-1 draw against the WAF, so that the Hakoah had to be content with the runner-up title. The away win this season over defending champion Rapid with 3-1 on the Pfarrwiese in front of 25,000 spectators was particularly highlighted in the Hakoah Chronicle. The Rapidler finally finished third in the championship. In the second half of the season, the Hakoahners moved into their own new stadium in the Krieau , which held around 25,000 spectators and soon gave the team the nickname "Krieauer".

The duel against the sports club was repeated in the 1922/23 season . Although the blue and white team only finished seventh in the championship this time, the club reached the semifinals in the Austrian Cup, where they met the Dornbachers. The first game ended 2-2 after extra time, so a playoff was announced, which the sports club won 2-0. The two duels with the English FA Cup finalists and second division runner-up in 1923 West Ham United developed to a high point in the club's history . Due to their origins in the "motherland of football", the English football clubs enjoyed extensive supremacy in Europe. The first duel attracted over 40,000 spectators to Vienna's Hohe Warte on May 19, 1923 , and it ended with a surprising 1: 1. However, the second leg at Upton Park on September 4, 1923 , achieved fame . The Hakoah surprisingly won 5-0, which meant a hitherto unique defeat of an English football club against a "European visiting team". Sándor Nemes, who took the name Alexander Neufeld in Austria , scored three goals for the Hakoah. The article in the Illustrieren Sportblatt praised this game as the greatest success that any other Viennese or continental club had ever achieved. The report concluded with the words:

"Today, however, the Hakoah deserves unconditional thanks and recognition for their brilliant game, for their triumphant success, which made Viennese football famous in all four corners of the world with a single blow."

1924–1927: First Austrian champion in professional football and American tour

Hakoah Vienna 1925 Austrian champion

In the Austrian championship of 1923/24 the Krieauers reached sixth place, internationally the duels with the then European top club Slavia Prague stood out. In Prague, the club was able to beat Slavia 2-1, but the second leg on the Hohe Warte went to the Czechoslovak club 2: 4. In the following season there were far-reaching changes in the Austrian championship, because professionalism was introduced in the two top divisions . The Hakoah soon took a leading position in the table with Rapid and the amateurs and was able to work out a small point advantage before the championship ended. The decisive game for the Austrian championship took place for the Hakoah on June 6, 1925 against the Wiener Sport-Club in front of 25,000 spectators on the Simmeringer Had . Jacob Wegner with a free kick and Moses Häusler brought the blue and whites into the front twice, but Otto Höss managed to equalize 2-2 in the 75th minute. During this action, the Hakoahn goalie Alexander Fabian was badly injured in the shoulder, so that he could no longer fulfill his position. Fabian therefore decided to go forward with his team's last attacks and fired a weak shot just before the end of the game, which was deflected into the goal by a sports club defender. The Hakoah goalkeeper shot his club to the Austrian championship title in 1925. In addition to Fabian im Tor, the championship team also included captain Maxl Scheuer , Josef Grünfeld and Maximilian Gold in defense , Richard Fried , Béla Guttmann and Egon Pollak in the halves row and Alexander Neufeld , Ernö Schwarz , Moses Häusler, József Eisenhoffer and Norbert Katz in the storm and Max Grünwald . Friedrich Torberg described the final minutes of the championship decisive game as follows:

“And then the improbable happened. The goalkeeper Fabian, his injured arm in a bandage, came back to the field, took the abandoned striker's post, suddenly got the ball at his feet - and five minutes before the end he scored the third goal, the winning, the third goal decisive for the championship. It was the greatest sensation that could be imagined. The audience raced - one part out of enthusiasm, the other out of anger. The amateur trailer in front of us jumped up, ashen, with his mouth wide open - then, out of a senseless reflex of anger, he slapped the cheering Hakoah trailer next to him a terrible slap. The victim sank from his seat - two of my friends rushed at the culprit to 'turn him into horseradish meat' on the spot - but the victim's pleading voice rang out from below: 'I beg you, leave him! He's my cousin. '"

- Friedrich Torberg, Why I am proud of it

The 1925 Cup was only played after the championship season had ended. The Hakoah met Rapid in the round of 16 and took a 5-0 lead at Rapid. With the help of the referee, the green-whites came up to 4: 5, but lost. In the quarter-finals there was a clash with the amateurs, who, however, clearly managed to get their revenge for the championship 6-1. In the league, the defending champion only managed a seventh place. In an international game against Slavia Prague, the club caused a sensation with a 6-5 win after being 5-1 down at break. The following season 1925/26 was dominated by the great American tour of the Hakoah. The entire schedule of the championship had to be adapted, as the blue and white teams had already played their games two months earlier than all other clubs. The association made a total of two trips to the United States , where it was received with great enthusiasm. Attendance at friendly matches of up to 46,000 visitors was to remain a record until 1977 and only be broken by Pelé's team New York Cosmos . However, the great success with the public also meant that several financially strong investors in American professional football cast an eye on the players of the Austrian champions of 1925. In particular, the New York teams made the players financially very lucrative offers, so that many asked the club for a clearance and received it. Schwarz, Häusler, Grünfeld, Pollak and Guttmann joined the New York Giants , while Neufeld, Eisenhoffer, Heinrich Schönfeld and Leopold Drucker joined the Brooklyn Wanderes . They were followed by Fabian, Wortmann, Gold and Nikolsburger on a second tour of America in 1927. Later, a majority of these players appeared together for the Hakoah All-Stars , who also won the US Open Cup in 1929 .

1928–1938: Between first and second division

The loss of the bulk of the Hakoah fighting team in such a short time was difficult for the club to take. The Hakoah got into the relegation battle only two years after their championship title, in their own place the Krieauer Rapid even had to admit defeat 1: 9 in the championship. The only major success was reaching the Cup quarter-finals with a 3-1 victory over Austria. The decisive game about staying in the I. League took place on June 10, 1928 against the WAC. The Hakoah led 1-0 at the break, but lost 4-1 and was relegated for the first time in their club's history. The relegation triggered a major crisis and disagreements among officials about the future of the team. In the second division, however, the relegated Hakoah played his opponents against the wall. With a goal difference of 104: 13, all 24 games could be won - an achievement that is still unique in an Austrian professional football league. The spoiled by victory Hakoah started with five defeats in a row in the new I. League championship 1929/30 and ran so in vain to a non-relegation place until the end of the season. In the following second division championship, the club took second place behind the Brigittenauer AC , which also entitled the blue and white to return to the first division. Despite another catastrophic entry into the first division championship in 1931/32 with only one win in the first half of the season, the Hakoah ultimately managed to remain in the top Austrian division.

With Leo Drucker and soon Friedrich Donnenfeld , the club also provided two national players again. In 1933, the Krieauers were able to improve to a midfield position with eighth place. In the cup they failed only in the quarterfinals against the BAC after extra time. Under Béla Guttmann, who had returned to Hakoah from America as a coach, the club managed to stay in the league for the third time in a row in 1934 with a tenth of twelve places. In 1935 , the Hakoah landed in tenth place. In the Austrian Cup she reached the semi-finals for the first time since 1923, where she had to admit defeat to the eventual winner Austria. With new coach Arthur Kolisch , the club fought with the WAC for a long time for the penultimate place and was finally able to fix relegation in the first division with a 2-2 on May 24, 1936 for the last time. This game should have a sequel, however, because as it turned out, the former Hakoahner chairman Ludwig Alt bribed the Wackertormann with an impressive sum of 1,000 Schillings so that he could let durable balls pass. After this questionable relegation there was a clear relegation in 1937, because the Hakoah only won six points in the following season.

1938–1950: National Socialism and failed attempt at reactivation

Hakoah Tel-Aviv logo

The first half of the 1937/38 season of the Austrian championship ended the Hakoah as leader of the second league and thus had a good chance of direct promotion. The club also got off to a good start in the second half of the season with two wins and one draw and also won its cup game. On March 7, 1938, the club drew 2-2 against SV Straßenbahn Wien and thus defended the championship lead in front of the Floridsdorf club SC Austro Fiat Wien . Then the training for the cup game against the WAC began on March 15, 1938. In the meantime the German Wehrmacht marched into Austria. Just one day after the annexation of Austria on March 12, 1938, the club was smashed, the Hakoah struck from all results lists, their games declared invalid and their members persecuted. Many of them fled abroad, most of them to Palestine . However, only the Hakoah football players captured and murdered Oskar Grasgrün , Ernst Horowitz , Josef Kolisch , the brothers Erwin and Oskar Pollak , national players Max Scheuer and Ali Schönfeld , and many more were deported to concentration camps, where the football players Fritz Weinberger and Julius Zwickler met their death. In addition, numerous athletes from other sections and in particular a large number of the functionaries were violently killed by the National Socialists. Those players who managed to escape to Palestine continued to play football there as Hakoah Tel-Aviv (הכח תל אביב). The new club received game equipment from Vienna Austria, so that their violet jersey color was adopted as the new club colors. The club merged into Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan in the 1960s and will play in the third-highest Israeli division in the 2018/19 season. In 1965 and 1973 he was Israeli champion, in 1969 and 1971 cup winner.

On April 13, 1945 Vienna was conquered by the Red Army. Of the 200,000 Jews in Vienna, only 6,000 had survived. Nevertheless, surviving Hakoah members met in a general assembly on June 10, 1945, in which, under Kurt Platzek, it was decided to reactivate the football section. The also reactivated ÖFB awarded the footballers a starting place in the 2nd class, in which they had played their last game in 1938. In particular, the first division clubs SC Wacker Wien , WAC and FC Wien helped the new club by unconditionally releasing several players to the club. Among them was the later famous trainer Karl Schlechta . In the 1945/46 season , the club played for a long time to return to the highest Austrian league, finishing second class in second three points behind SC Hochstädt . The Hakoah could not keep their good players; in the following year 1947 , the club was only 10th and in 1948 finally rose with just one win in 26 games in the third division. In order to establish itself at least at this level, the sporting management of the club decided to include non-Jewish players in the team, which caused great differences within the club. After a renewed decline, the former Austrian master finally ended with the dissolution in 1950.

In 2006, the American author Franklin Foer dealt in detail with the SC Hakoah Vienna in his work How to explain the world with football .

Stadium and places

The Viennese Hakoah played their first games on an unpaved meadow in the Viennese inundation area . Before the start of the game, the playing field had to be marked with lime and brushes, and the goal posts were stored in a small fisherman's inn, whose pantry also served as a changing room. With the promotion to the II. B-Class, a new seat was also taken. The Hakoah acted as sub-tenant of the Vienna Cricket and Football Club , which provided the blue and white with its training area such as cabins and washrooms. The Hakoahners moved into their first own sports field in 1911. After the Floridsdorfer Birner-Platz had to be vacated by the Jewish club SC Liverpool Wien due to outstanding rents, the soccer club moved in as a new tenant. A major renovation followed, in which the old square was redesigned. Among other things, a wash and shower house as well as a groundsman's hut were built. With the successes in the second division, however, the place soon became too small for the high attendance of the Hakoah, so that the club mostly played its games at the Vienna auf der Hohe Warte or the FAC in Floridsdorf. In Floridsdorf, the Hakoah also wanted to build their own stadium, which was prevented by the local SPÖ district leader.

With the help of Leopold Plaschke's municipal council, a plot of land in Vienna's Krieau was finally taken into possession for the construction of the stadium. Plaschkes even helped the club to build a tram line that connected the sports field to the city center. The Krieauer Sportplatz, as it was named, was finally able to open in spring 1922. He had 5,000 seats and a further 20,000 standing room. In 1938 the stadium was confiscated, handed over to SA Standard 90 and subsequently completely destroyed. After the end of the war, the Hakoah was reassigned to the cricketer pitch, where the club played its last games.

Known players

National player

Austria

Hungary

Romania

France

Other well-known players

titles and achievements

Austrian championship

  • 1 × Austrian champion: 1925.
  • 1 × Austrian runner-up: 1922.
  • 2 × Austrian second division champions: 1920, 1929 (only victories)

Austrian Cup

  • 3 × Austrian Cup semi-finals: 1920, 1923, 1935.
  • 7 × Austrian Cup quarter-finals: 1920, 1923, 1925, 1928, 1930, 1933, 1935.

Further sections

Swimming section

In addition to the footballers, the swimming section of the Hakaoh made a name for itself. In contrast to the former, however, it was given particularly strong anti-Semitic hostility and systematic discrimination. In particular with the German national association EWASK, the first Viennese amateur swimming club officially approved in 1888, there were countless disputes. The department was founded in the winter of 1910/11 and initially looked after by Siegmund Deutsch. The first swimming pool was the Beatrixbad ( Linke Bahngasse 9, Landstrasse ). The water polo team met for the first time in 1912 . In 1914 the first own swimming meeting was held in Hietzinger Strandbad. After the First World War, there was an upswing in the section, also due to the opening of its own summer pool in the Kuchelau. A well-known member of the team at this time was the journalist and writer Friedrich Torberg . In the end, it was Walter Arnold who was the first Hakoahner to become Austrian master in jumping in 1924 .

The water polo players became Austrian champions for the first time in 1926 , a title that was successfully defended in 1927 and 1928. The most famous player was captain Georg Flesch , who also played 33 international matches for the Austrian national team as a striker and, among other things, came third at the 1931 European Championship in Paris. The most famous Hakoah swimmers were Hedy Bienenfeld and Fritzi Löwy . For a long time, Bienenfeld was the strongest breaststroke swimmer in Austria, won numerous championship titles and won a bronze medal at the European Championships in 1927. Löwy won 25 freestyle championships and also took bronze in Bologna in 1927. Judith Deutsch followed in her footsteps. At the age of 15 she was Austrian champion in freestyle over 400 meters and in 1935 she was named Austrian Sportswoman of the Year . However, after she refused to participate in the 1936 Olympic Games in Germany, she was banned from the association for two years.

Wrestler

The wrestling section also owes its foundation to Siegmund Deutsch. It was launched in 1912. The first trainings were held in the gym of the Talmud Thorah School. The most famous athlete in the department was Nikolaus Hirschl . He also took part in the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, where he won bronze medals in the Greco-Roman style and freestyle for Austria. The Hakoah wrestlers were also important as a protective force for other sections, especially the swimmers, and the Jewish quarter against anti-Semitic attacks. Baar writes: "The wrestlers knew no mercy, and anti-Semitic attackers were often sent home with bloody skulls."

Movie

The story of seven former Hakoah master swimmers who had to leave Vienna after the annexation of Austria is told in the multi-award-winning documentary Watermarks by the Israeli-American director Yaron Zilberman (2004). Among other things, the film won the Audience Award at the Palm Springs International Film Festival 2005 .

theatre

The play Hakoah Vienna comes from the Austrian-Israeli author Yael Ronen (born 1976 in Jerusalem ), whose grandfather Wolf Fröhlich was active in the athletics department of the club . It was premiered in 2012 with great success at the Schauspielhaus Graz .

literature

  • Hakoah: The Hakoah - your way from fourth to first grade, Gloriette-Verlag, Vienna 1923.
  • Wilhelm Schmieger: Football in Austria. Burgverlag, Vienna 1925.
  • Leo Schidrowitz : History of the football sport in Austria , Verlag Rudolf Traunau, Vienna 1951.
  • Arthur Baar: 50 years of Hakoah 1909–1959. Ramat-Gan 1959.
  • Karl Langisch: History of Football in Austria. Wilhelm Limpert-Verlag, Vienna 1964.
  • Karl Kastler: Football in Austria, from the beginnings to the present. Trauner, Linz 1972.
  • Arthur Baar: Football Stories. Serious and cheerful. Vienna 1974.
  • John Bunzl: Hoppauf Hakoah. Jewish sport in Austria. From the beginning to the present . Junius, Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-900370-10-9 .
  • Simon Schwaiger: Sports Club Hakoah Vienna - Icon of Jewish self-confidence . Thesis . University of Vienna, Vienna 2008. ( online version )
  • Susanne Helene Betz, Monika Löschner, Pia Schölnberger (eds.): "… More than a sports club". 100 years of Hakoah Vienna 1909–2009 . Studien-Verlag, Innsbruck / Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-7065-4683-6 .
  • Yael Ronen : Hakoah Vienna . Play. 2012.
  • John Bunzl : Hakoah Vienna. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 2: Co-Ha. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-02502-9 , pp. 505-507.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Susanne Helene Betz: From the opening of the square to the loss of space. The history of Hakoah Vienna and its sports facility in the Krieau . In: Susanne Helene Betz, Monika Löscher, Pia Schölnberger (eds.): "... more than a sports club". 100 years of Hakoah Vienna 1909 - 2009 . Studienverlag, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 978-3-7065-4683-6 , p. 151 .
  2. ↑ The history of the Viennese HAKOAH , at HAKOAH.at
  3. ↑ Horak / Maderthaner 1997, p. 1987.
  4. ↑ General Compensation Fund for Victims of National Socialism: Washington Agreement 2001. Accessed July 6, 2020 (de / en).
  5. ↑ Marta S. Halpert: ... and the Hakoah lives! ( Memento of September 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). In: Jewish newspaper . April 2008.
  6. ↑ Hakoah 1920, p. 3.
  7. ↑ a b c Hakoah 1920, p. 5.
  8. ↑ Hakoah 1920, p. 10.
  9. ^ Reichspost, December 15, 1919, p. 4.
  10. ↑ Horak / Maderthaner, p. 25.
  11. ↑ Baar 1959, p. 64.
  12. ^ Illustrated Sportblatt, September 15, 1923, p. 10.
  13. ↑ American Soccer History at rsssf.com
  14. ↑ Baar 1959, p. 80.
  15. ↑ Schidrowitz 1951, p. 215 and F. Blaha: "40 Years Wacker", p. 53.
  16. ↑ Baar 1959, p. 159f.
  17. ↑ www.hakoach.co.il
  18. ↑ Baar 1959, p. 212.
  19. ^ How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization ; German: Heyne, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-453-12064-7 .
  20. ↑ a b Baar 1959, p. 52f.
  21. ↑ Susanne Helene Betz: From the opening of the square to the loss of space. The history of Hakoah Vienna and its sports facility in the Krieau . Ed .: Susanne Helene Betz, Monika Löscher, Pia Schölnberger. Studienverlag, Innsbruck 2009, p. 150-184 .
  22. ↑ Ernst Bruckmüller , Hannes Strohmeyer (ed.): Gymnastics and sport in the history of Austria . ÖBV - Pädagogischer Verlag, Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-215-12884-5 , p. 71.
  23. ↑ Baar, 1959, p. 166.
  24. ↑ Hakoah is called Kraft , Jüdische Allgemeine from January 27, 2014, accessed on September 16, 2019
  25. ↑ "Hakoah Vienna": Ingeniously nailed into the right corner. Kleine Zeitung , October 14, 2012, archived from the original on September 23, 2014 .;
  26. ↑ Press comments on the play and performance on the website of the Schauspielhaus Graz ( Memento from February 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : SC Hakoah Wien  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on July 28, 2007 .