Duchy of Croatia

The Duchy of Croatia ( latin ducatus Chroatorum , ancient Greek Χρωβατία , Croatian Principality Hrvatska ), and the Principality of Croatia , contemporary and Rotkroatien (Latin Croatia Rubea ), was a medieval Slavic Duchy of Croats (Croatian Principality Hrvata ) from the 7th to the 10th century. In historiography it is also referred to as Dalmatian Croatia (Croatian Dalmatinska Hrvatska ) or Coastal Croatia (Croatian Primorska Hrvatska ), in contrast to the so-called Pannonian Croatia (Croatian Panonska Hrvatska ), the Croatian duchy of Lower Pannonia , which partly coexists .

Ruler

The duchy was ruled by a Knes (Latin dux ) who changed his seat as was customary in the Middle Ages; so that it was in Klis , Solin , Knin , Bijaći and Nin . The ruler mostly came from the House of Trpimirović , from 864 to 878 and from 879 to about 892 also from the House of Domagojević .

geography

The Duchy of Croatia around 850 under the rule of Trpimir I.

The Duchy of Croatia comprised most of today's Dalmatia , especially the Dalmatian hinterland and the coast without the large coastal cities, as well as regions of western Bosnia and Montenegro .

history

The Duchy of Croatia was established in the 7th century in the former Roman province of Dalmatia after the Slavs conquered the Balkans .

The Franconian Empire and the Byzantine Empire tried to gain control over the area. In 864, under Knes Trpimir I, the first Croatian diocese of Nin was founded, which gave the Duchy of Croatia a certain degree of independence in religious matters. Initially a vassal state of the Franks or Byzantines, the Duchy of Croatia became de facto independent through the recognition of Knes Branimir by Pope John VIII in 879. A rivalry with Venice developed in the first decades of the 9th century and continued into the following centuries. Fights with the Bulgarian Empire also occurred until relations improved.

Knes Tomislav ruled the Duchy of Croatia from 910. After the union with inland Pannonian Croatia , Tomislav became the ruler of the Kingdom of Croatia that was created in 925 , which reached the height of its power under him.

source

Dalmatinska Hrvatska. In: Hrvatska enciklopedija. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, accessed on January 1, 2020 (Croatian).

Individual evidence

↑ Österreichisches Ost- und Südosteuropa-Institut (Ed.): Österreichische Osthefte . tape 37 , 1995, pp. 310 : “One territory was called Dalmatian, the other Pannonian Croatia. The education system has spread these names. The contemporary designations were "White Croatia" for the northern area and "Red Croatia" for the southern. "

[1] Österreichisches Ost- und Südosteuropa-Institut (Ed.): Österreichische Osthefte . tape 37 , 1995, pp. 310 : “One territory was called Dalmatian, the other Pannonian Croatia. The education system has spread these names. The contemporary designations were "White Croatia" for the northern area and "Red Croatia" for the southern. "