Dalmatia

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Province of Dalmatia in the Roman Empire (dark red)

Dalmatia was from around 8 BC. Chr. , A province of the Roman Empire on the Balkan Peninsula . As a Roman province, it comprised large parts of Croatia , Bosnia , Herzegovina , Kosovo , Serbia , Montenegro and northern Albania .

The name of the province is derived from the Illyrian tribe of the Dalmates .

history

In the decades up to 156 BC BC the Romans subjugated the Dalmatian Illyrians and made them subject to tribute. At an unexplained point in time thereafter, but definitely before 28 BC. They established the province of Illyria for administration . Presumably following the Pannonian uprising of the Illyrians in the years 6-9 AD, the administrative unit was divided into the provinces of Illyricum superius and Illyricum inferius by the emperor Augustus - the former was named Dalmatia in the following time, the latter was called Called Pannonia .

Roman Dalmatia extended far beyond what is now known as Dalmatia . It included large parts of Croatia , Bosnia , Herzegovina , Serbia , Montenegro and also northern Albania . The imperial border on the Danube did not belong to Dalmatia, but to the provinces of Pannonia and Moesia , which bordered to the north and east respectively. Therefore hardly any troops were stationed in Dalmatia. The capital was the Salonae on the Adriatic coast . For the economy of the Roman Empire , Dalmatia was primarily important as a supplier of wood and metals as well as cattle and grain.

When the provinces were redistributed under Diocletian , the extreme south of Dalmatia was separated with Scodra and added to the new province of Praevalitana . Since the division of the empire in 395 , the province belonged to Westrom . Its eastern border was the demarcation line between the two parts of the empire.

At the end of the 4th century and again in the 5th century, Dalmatia was ravaged by the Goths . When Emperor Julius Nepos was replaced by Romulus Augustulus in Rome in 475 , he withdrew to Dalmatia. There he maintained his claim to rule over the Western Roman Empire and was still recognized by the Eastern Roman Emperor Zenon .

Cities in Roman Dalmatia

Southeastern Europe in Roman times , Dalmatia with a red border

literature

  • Adolf Jagenteufel: The governors of the Roman province of Dalmatia from Augustus to Diocletian. (= Writings of the Balkan Commission; Antiquarian Department. 12). Vienna 1958.
  • John Wilkes: Dalmatia. London 1969.
  • Radmila Zotovic: Population and economy of the eastern part of the Roman province of Dalmatia. Oxford 2002, ISBN 1-8417-1440-2 .
  • Géza Alföldy: The Illyrian Provinces of Rome: From Diversity to Unity. In: Gianpaolo Urso (ed.): Dall'Adriatico al Danubio. l'Illirico nell'età greca e romana. Atti del Convegno internazionale, Cividale del Friuli, 25-27 September 2003. (= I convegni della Fondazione Niccolò Canussio. 3). Pisa 2004. ISBN 88-467-1069-X . (PDF file; 158 kB)
  • Marta Sordi: La Pacificazione dell'Illirico e Tiberio. In: Gianpaolo Urso (ed.): Dall'Adriatico al Danubio. l'Illirico nell'età greca e romana. Atti del Convegno internazionale, Cividale del Friuli, 25-27 September 2003. (= I convegni della Fondazione Niccolò Canussio. 3). Pisa 2004. ISBN 88-467-1069-X . (PDF file; 126 kB)
  • Mirjana Sanader: Dalmatia: A Roman province on the Adriatic . Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein 2009, ISBN 978-3-8053-3955-1 .