Senj

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Senj
coat of arms
coat of arms
Senj (Croatia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 44 ° 59 ′ 25 ″  N , 14 ° 54 ′ 5 ″  E
Basic data
State : Croatian flag Croatia
County : Flag of Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj
Height : 0  m. i. J.
Residents : 7,182 (2011)
Telephone code : (+385) 053
Postal code : 53 270
License plate : GS
Boat registration : SE
Structure and administration
(status: 2013, cf. )
Community type : city
Mayor : Darko Nekić ( HDZ )
Postal address : Stara cesta 2
53 270 Senj
Website :
City view as seen from Nehaj Fortress

Senj [ ˈsɛɲ ] ( Latin Senia or Segnia , German Zengg or Zeng , Italian Segna ) is a town in Croatia , in the Lika-Senj County . It is the oldest city in the upper Adriatic. The most famous monument of Senj is the Nehaj Fortress , the medieval center of the Uskoks .

geography

Senj is the largest agglomeration on the Croatian coast between Rijeka and Zadar . The area of ​​the city includes the coast in a length of 76 km and is located between the Velebit Canal and the Kapela and Velebit mountain ranges . The position of the city on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea connects it with the cities and countries of the Mediterranean. Road connections exist via the coastal road with the Vinodol valley and Rijeka in the north, with Zadar, Split and Dalmatia in the south and via the Vratnik pass (700 m above sea level) with the hinterland. The latter was the first section of the historical "Josephina" , which was already used by the Romans as a salt road .

The city belongs to the Catholic diocese of Gospić-Senj of the Croatian Church .

population

According to the 2011 census, the Senj City administrative unit had 7,182 inhabitants. 6,971 of these are Croatians (97.06%), compared to 211 members of other nationalities (2.94%).

history

Senj has existed for over 3000 years, making it one of the oldest settlements on the Croatian Adriatic coast. In Roman times , Senia was an important center and municipality of the province of Liburnia , as evidenced by numerous archaeological finds.

From the settlement of the Croats up to the 12th century Senj was part of the parish of Gacka and in 1271 it came into the possession of the princes of Krk and Vinodol from the Frankopan family . In 1469 Senj became a free royal city and seat of the established captaincy of the Croatian military border . From 1527 to 1689 this was the seat of the Senj Uskoks . After the liberation of the Lika region from the Ottomans , there was another boom in trade and shipping in Senj.

View over the port of Senj

The ports of Rijeka, Senj, Bakar and Kraljevica fought for a long time to be the main port. When Rijeka was connected to the railway network in 1873, Senj lost its importance and competition - Senj was bypassed by the railway . This led to the fact that the movement of goods largely came to a standstill and people from Senj emigrated. Senj successfully built up a timber industry.

On May 9, 1937, seven Croatian youths from Gospić were killed by royal Yugoslav gendarmes who wanted to take part in a celebration of the Croatian Peasant Party for the Croatian peasant leader Stjepan Radić , who was murdered in the Yugoslav parliament in 1928 . For these Senj victims, official commemorative events are held every year in Senj and Gospić.

Numerous valuable monuments were destroyed in the bombing of the city during World War II (in 1943).

In the Senj area and the surrounding area, Glagolitic script had been in use since the 10th century , and mass was held exclusively in Croatian . The oldest of the numerous Glagolitic inscriptions is the “Senj Tablet” from the 11th / 12th. Century (city museum). The first Glagolitic printing house in Croatia was founded in Senj in 1493/1494 .

Senj harbor with a view of Nehaj Fortress in the background

economy

For today's city of Senj, tourism has become more and more important.

Famous pepole

Many personalities of Croatian history , who are important not only for the life and culture of this city, but for the entire Croatian people , were born here; Or they came to Senj during their school days: the local grammar school has been considered the best and most famous grammar school in Croatia since it was founded.

Famous people who were born in Senj

Well-known people who did their training in Senj

The Nehaj Fortress on Mount Nehaj in Senj

Attractions

  • The Nehaj fortress
  • City wall with the Lipica and Leo X towers.
  • Romanesque cathedral
  • Monument of the 45th parallel

Parish partnership

Senj has a partnership with the French municipality of Sorbiers .

Senj in literature

In Croatian and also in German-language literature there were various authors who wrote works about Senj - from novels to scientific works.

literature

Web links

Commons : Senj  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Zeng in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaić, V. & Strčić, P. (1901), Krčki Knezovi Frankapani , Vol. I, Zagreb: Izdanje ″ Matice Hrvatske ″, ISBN 86-7071-140-0