Ante Starčević

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Ante Starčević

Listen to Ante Starčević ? / i (born May 23, 1823 in Žitnik near Gospić , Austrian Empire ; † February 28, 1896 in Zagreb , Austria-Hungary ) was a nationalist politician , publicist , author and co-founder of the Croatian Party of Law . Audio file / audio sample

Starčević and his colleague Eugen Kvaternik were opponents of the Yugoslav idea and called for a Croatian nation state of their own outside the Habsburg monarchy . In addition to his political work, he dealt with history , philology , book reviews, philosophy , poetry , drama and political satire .

The Ustasha functionaries Ante Pavelić and Mile Budak appealed to justify their nationalist ideas on him.

Starčević is revered by many Croatians as the " father of the fatherland " ( Croatian Otac domovine ) because of his defense of Croatian national rights and popular interests .

Life

In the autumn of 1845 he passed the high school diploma in Zagreb , after which he went to Senj to become a priest. From there he went to Pest and began studying theology . There he decided against the priesthood and began the fight for a free Croatia . After he could not get a teaching position at the University of Zagreb , he worked in the office of the lawyer Šram (possibly Schramm) until 1861 . This year he was appointed notary of the County of Rijeka nominated, but suspended in 1862 and already as an opponent of the regime sentenced to one month in prison. In the same year he was sent to the Croatian Parliament as a representative of Rijeka. He was re-elected as a parliamentarian in 1865, 1871 and from 1878 until his death.

Ante Starcevic Monument , Zagreb
Starčević's funeral procession on Ban Jelačić Square in Zagreb (1896)

In the Croatian Parliament he was the most ardent supporter of Croatian independence , he vigorously opposed any relations between Croatia and Austria-Hungary . With his behavior he laid the cornerstone of the Croatian party of law , which he founded together with Eugen Kvaternik . From his first texts in 1861 to his last speech, Starčević tirelessly pointed out for a full 30 years that the most important thing was to renounce Austrian supremacy, as there was no survival or at least none for the Croatian people under it happy future. He assumed a strongly dismissive, hostile position towards the “arrogant” imperialism of Austria. He described the Habsburg dynasty as the greatest enemy of the Croatian people .

In 1863 Starčević was arrested again. After his release from prison , he worked again in the Šrams law firm until October 1871. After Eugene Kvaternik's rebellion in Rakovica , he was arrested again and the right-wing party dissolved. In 1878 he was re-elected as a member of the Croatian Parliament, where he remained a member until his death in 1896. For several years Starčević was referred to by the clergy as an insurgent, even an antichrist , who disregarded the commandments of God, the people and the Church. This enormous criticism against him arose from his sharp arguments against the clergy, which had its very strong influence on political and national life in Croatia in the second half of the 19th century and Ante Starčević spoke out openly against this influence. Starčević gave three reasons for his anti-clericalism , which were as follows: The church suppressed the cultural life of the people, the church had allied itself with the rulers (Austria-Hungary) and treated people of different faiths as inferior.

Bust of Ante Starčević on his tomb designed by Ivan Rendić .

Ante Starčević died in Zagreb on February 28, 1896 at the age of 73. His tomb in the former Zagreb district of Šestine (today Podsljeme ) was designed by the most famous Croatian sculptor Ivan Rendić .

Croatian nation

Starčević adapted the political concept of a Croatian nation or a Croatian people. The people of Greater Croatia (e.g. Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Slovenia ) belong to the nation of Croatians . Since only the Croatian nation could exist in this area, which was viewed as historically Croatian, Serbs and other peoples were not recognized or viewed as Orthodox or Muslim Croats.

Others

Standard of the President of the Republic of Croatia as a tapestry between the busts of Starčević (left) and King Tomislav in the Croatian Presidential Palace

The Republic of Croatia can award Croatian or foreign citizens the Ante Starčević Order ( Croatian Red Ante Starčevića ) founded in 1995 for services to the maintenance and development of the Croatian state idea and the establishment and development of the sovereign Croatian state .

Starčević is depicted on the front of the Croatian 1000 kuna banknote.

In many places in Croatia streets and squares are named after Starčević. B. the center of the old upper town of Zagreb , the Ante Starčević Square ( Trg Ante Starčevića ) created in 1928 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Ante Starčević  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography , Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003, p. 1440
  2. ↑ Martin Broszat , Ladislaus Hory: The Croatian Ustascha State 1941-1945 . In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte . 2nd Edition. No. 8 . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1965, p. 14 .
  3. ↑ Burkhard Altevolmer: nation-building in Serbia and Croatia: a study on the scope of general theories of nationalism . Ibidem-Verlag, 2004, p. 64 .
  4. ↑ Poier, K. , Saywald-Wedl, S. & Unger, H .: The themes of the "Populists" . In: Journal of Literary Studies and Linguistics . No. 50 . Metzler Verlag , 2020, p. 73 , doi : 10.1007 / s41244-020-00166-z .
  5. ↑ Mark Biondich: Religion and Nation in Wartime Croatia: Reflections on the Ustaša Policy of Forced Religious Conversions, 1941-1942 . In: The Slavonic and East European Review . tape 83 , no. 1 , 2005, p. 75 .
  6. ^ Ordinance of the Ante Starčević Order of October 6, 2000. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 21, 2009 ; accessed on October 7, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / narodne-novine.nn.hr
personal data
SURNAME Starčević, Ante
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Croatian politician, publicist and author
DATE OF BIRTH May 23, 1823
PLACE OF BIRTH Žitnik at Gospić
DATE OF DEATH February 28, 1896
Place of death Zagreb