Pannonia inferior (Franconian Empire)

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Lower Pannonia or Lower Pannonia ( Latin Pannonia inferior ), contemporary White Croatia , was a Slavic Duchy of Croats in the Bavarian East Mark of the Frankish Empire from after 791 to after 823 . The area in today's Croatia is also referred to in historiography as Pannonian Croatia or Pannonian Croatia ( Croatian Panonska Hrvatska ) or Posavina . In contrast to the so-called Dalmatian Croatia (Croatian Dalmatinska Hrvatska ), the simultaneously existing Croatian Duchy of Croatia .

The principalities of Lower Pannonia or Pannonian Croatia (blue) and Dalmatian Croatia (red) in the year Charlemagne died in 814, before their unification to the Kingdom of Croatia under Tomislav .

geography

Lower Pannonia lay between the rivers Drau and Save ( inter fluvios Drau et Save ). The seat of the duke was Siscia , today's city of Sisak in Croatia.

The territory corresponded approximately to the former Roman province of Pannonia Savia and possibly parts of the Pannonia secunda (both 300-445).

history

In 791, Charlemagne drove the Avars from large parts of the Balkans . The Baierische Ostmark (Marcha Orientalis) was established. Within the Ostmark the Slav Vojnomir was enfeoffed with a duchy of Lower Pannonia. Vojnomir was last mentioned in the sources for the year 795.

Around 810, Ljudevit appeared as Duke of Lower Pannonia ( dux Pannoniae inferior ). He rebelled in vain against the Frankish suzerainty. After his death in 823, a margravate Posavina was re-established along the Save.

Principality of Pannonian Croatia (light blue) developed in the area of ​​Lower Pannonia

See also

literature

  • John Van Antwerp Fine: The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century . The University of Michigan Press, 1991, ISBN 0-472-08149-7 , pp. 78 ( google.hr ).

swell

  • Panonska Hrvatska. In: Hrvatska enciklopedija. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, accessed on December 31, 2019 (Croatian).
  • Annales regni Francorum inde from a. 741 usque ad a. 829, qui dicuntur Annales Laurissenses maiores et Einhardi . Edited by Friedrich Kurz. XX and 204 p. 8 °. 1895. Reprinted 1950.

Individual evidence

  1. Österreichisches Ost- und Südosteuropa-Institut (Ed.): Österreichische Osthefte . tape 37 , 1995, pp. 310 : “One territory was called Dalmatian, the other Pannonian Croatia. The education system has spread these names. The contemporary designations were "White Croatia" for the northern area and "Red Croatia" for the southern. "
  2. Ferdinand von Šišić : History of the Croats: First part (to 1102) . Zagreb 1917.