Petar Krešimir IV.
Petar Krešimir IV. ( Latin: Petrus Cresimiri ; † 1074 ) was the king of the Croats from 1058 to 1074 . He received the addition of " the great ", which is unique in Croatian history , as medieval Croatia reached its greatest extent under his rule.
Krešimir was the last ruler from the Trpimirović dynasty in the direct line; his cousin and nephew followed him. His court was in both Nin and Biograd na Moru .
Live and act
Religious politics
Krešimir succeeded Stjepan I , who died in 1058. He was under the influence of Pope Nicholas II. In 1059 the Church in Croatia was reformed based on the Roman rite . This was important in terms of the schism of 1054 and loyalty to Rome.
Krešimir IV and the nobility supported the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
The “lower” nobility and clergy, however, were less willing to reform. The Croatian priesthood was more inclined to Byzantine Orientalism . They wore long beards and opposed celibacy .
The holy masses were held in Church Slavonic as well as Glagolitza , although the Pope wanted the Latin script and Latin . This was the reason for the rebellion of part of the clergy against the liturgy in Latin in 1063 . At a synod , however, the rebels were declared heretics and excommunicated . Krešimir IV supported this decision of the Vatican .
Cities like Biograd na Moru, Nin, Karin , Skradin and Šibenik developed under the rule of Krešimir . He also had several monasteries built and gave the church numerous lands. In 1066 he had the monastery of St. Mary built in Zadar . The founder was his cousin Čika. The monastery is still the oldest building in the city.
Territorial Policy
Krešimir IV expanded Croatia both along the Adriatic coast and inland.
He appointed Dmitar Zvonimir for Ban of Slavonia . He managed to extend his influence to the areas of southern Dalmatia Duklien , Zahumlje and Travunien as well as the eastern Bosnia .
The Croatian kingdom stretched between the Raša and Drina rivers and the Drava and Neretva rivers at that time .
In 1069 he donated the nearby island of Maun to the monastery of St. Krševan in Zadar in gratitude for the "expansion of the kingdom on land and at sea with the grace of Almighty God" ( quia Deus omnipotenus terra marique nostrum prolungavit regnum ).
In traditional documents, Krešimir IV always used to emphasize "our own island, which is located in our Dalmatian Sea and is called Maun" ( nostram propriam insulam in nostro Dalmatico mari sitam, que vocatur Mauni ).
In 1072 the king sent military support to the boyars of Macedon , who fought against Byzantium on the side of the Croats of Duklien.
Relations with Byzantium and the Normans
Krešimir IV was recognized by the Byzantine Empire with the title Proconsul or Eparch and as the regnum Dalmatiae et Chroatia (King of Dalmatia and Croatia).
In November 1075, the Normans attacked under the leadership of Amico from what is now southern Italy. Amico besieged Rab without being able to take the island. However, he managed to take the Croatian king prisoner in an unknown location. In order to be released again, Krešimir had to cede the cities of Zadar, Split and Trogir to the Normans. About a year later, the Republic of Venice managed to drive out the Normans and incorporate these cities into their territory.
death
Towards the end of his reign, Krešimir no longer had any sons, only his daughter Neda. His own brothers had also died. Its end thus effectively meant the end of the Trpimirović dynasty , which had been the rulers of Croatia for two centuries. Krešimir designated Dmitar Zvonimir as his successor.
In 1075 Krešimir was born in the Church of St. Stephan ( Sveti Stjepan Monastery near Split ) is buried. Other kings and princes of Croatia were also buried here. This church and tombs were destroyed a few centuries later by Ottoman soldiers and the monks who watched over the tombs were murdered so that nothing was left of them.
Others
The missile speedboat RTOP - Petar Krešimir IV. Was named after him
See also
literature
- Ivo Goldstein: Petar Krešimir IV. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 6, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-8906-9 , Sp. 1921.
Web links
- A romantic portrait of Kresimir.
- CROATIA. In: Medieval Lands. Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, accessed March 11, 2012 .
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Stjepan I. |
King of Croatia 1058-1074 |
Dmitar Zvonimir |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Petar Krešimir IV. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Peter Krešimir the Great |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | King of Croatia (1058-1074) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 10th century or 11th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1074 |