Łańcut Castle
| Łańcut Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 facade |
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| Alternative name (s): | Zamek w Łańcucie | |
| Creation time : | 16th Century | |
| Castle type : | Moated castle | |
| Conservation status: | Receive | |
| Place: | Łańcut | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 4 '5 " N , 22 ° 14' 0.8" E | |
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The Łańcut Castle (Polish: Zamek w Łańcucie ), also called the Castle of the Lubomirski and Potocki in Łańcut (Polish: Zamek Lubomirskich i Potockich w Łańcucie ), is a 17th century palace complex in the Polish Łańcut (Landshut) in the suburbs of the Carpathians . It is one of the most important architectural monuments in Poland. Today various museums are housed in the buildings of the complex. The facility is a tourist attraction.
history
Stanisław Lubomirski had the castle built between 1629 and 1641 based on a design by Maciej Trapola . Other architects involved were Krzysztof Mieroszewski , Tylman van Gameren and Giovanni Battista Falconi . In the second half of the 18th century, Izabela Lubomirska , b. Czartoryski , increase the palace complex to its present form with a second floor. Architects and artists such as Szymon Bogumił Zug , Johann Christian Kamsetzer , Chrystian Piotr Aigner , Friedrich Bauman and Vincenzo Brenna were involved. At the end of the 18th century, Łańcut under the Lubomirska was one of the most important Polish cultural sites. The writer Jan Potocki lived in the castle for a long time. After the French Revolution , Louis XVIII. Guest in Łańcut. From Łańcut via Lemberg , the bodies of the Potocki once drove over hundreds of kilometers of linden trees to their castle in Tultschyn . After Tultschyn gave up in the 19th century, the paintings and the library were moved to Łańcut.
With the marriage of the Lubomirska daughter Julia, the palace came into the hands of the Potocki family . A grandson of the Lubomirska, Alfred Potocki, lived here. His son and heir, Alfred Józef II , Prime Minister of Cisleithania in Austria-Hungary and a supporter of Habsburg interests in Poland, was rarely there. Under Roman Potocki and his wife Elżbieta, geb. Radziwiłł, the castle once again became the center of cultural life. At the turn of the 20th century, structural changes were made to the castle under the French architect Amand Louis Bauqué and the Italian Albert Emilio Pio . From 1915 Alfred Potocki III. Landlord on Łańcut; until 1944 the palace belonged to the Potocki family. In addition to artists, many important rulers, politicians and church princes visited the famous palace complex. Among others were the Archdukes Rudolf , Karl and Franz Ferdinand , the Romanian King Ferdinand I in 1923 and the Polish President Ignacy Mościcki in 1927 . In 1937 George Duke of Kent visited the castle with his wife, Duchess Marina .
architecture
Today Łańcut Castle is a two-story, square palace with four corner towers and an inner courtyard. The rusticated main portal in front of the square passageway has been preserved from the original early baroque jewelry . The neo-baroque facades are the result of the renovations between 1795 and 1807. The original fortifications, which the Swedish troops could not conquer, only partially exist. Two bastions on the west side of the walls and moats surrounding the castle in the form of a five-pointed star ( Palazzo in fortezza ) have been preserved.
The interiors are well preserved and richly furnished. Noteworthy are the two-storey ballroom, the sculpture gallery (from the 19th century), a mirror cabinet from the mid-18th century with rococo paneling , a Chinese room, the theater and the private rooms of the Lubomirska. The park surrounding the castle (inside and outside the old fortifications) is designed in the English style .
Todays use
The palace and the buildings in the park are used as museums on various topics. A large part of the art collection of the Lubomirski and Potocki families is located in the castle itself. In addition to the original Łańcut collections, furniture and works of art from post-war purchases and transfers from other museums' depots are also on display.
Orchid house
A palm house in the park built between 1893 and 1904 by order of Roman and Elisabeth Potocki by the Viennese company Grienl was demolished in 1923. The greenhouse behind it, which was originally used as storage and for rearing for the palm house, was preserved. Orchids were also grown here. After the Second World War , the “Orchid House” was taken over by a state farm. From the 1980s, however, the building was hardly heated and maintained. When it was taken over by the Castle Museum in 1994, only a small part of the historical orchid collection was left. The first renovation began in 2000 and was completed five years later.
The orchid house consists of an exhibition part, a backyard divided into three climate zones and a summer cafe. Earthen growing orchids as well as lithophytes and epiphytes are shown.
Orthodox Art Museum
The largest collection of Ukrainian sacred art in Poland is located in a wing of the former royal stables . The systematic development of this collection, which only began in 1960, arose from the need to preserve the furnishings of destroyed Greek Orthodox churches. Today there are over a thousand icons from the 15th to the 20th century, as well as several hundred historical books in Cyrillic script. The most important printed work shows a statue of the apostle from 1574 and comes from a Lviv printing house.
Carriage Museum
In the south of the palace park is the Carriage Museum (Polish: Muzeum Powozów ). Today the most important collection of carriages in Poland is shown here. The two buildings formerly used as a stable (in the neo-baroque style) and as a carriage shed (in the modernist-classical style) were built between 1892 and 1902 according to a design by Armand Bauque. The furnishing of the stable, the cleaning room and the saddler's workshop was supplied by the Viennese company Rudolph Philipp Waagner . The former carriage shed has a large tensioning hall with a glass roof and the two sheds on the side. On the walls of the hall there is now a predominantly exotic collection of trophies that the last lord of the castle brought back from a safari in 1924.
The collection consists of two separate collections of carriages. The so-called historical castle collection contains carriages that were used in Łańcut (55 wagons). The “museum” collection, which has existed since the Second World War, now includes almost 80 bodies. The most valuable of the carriages on display are the luxurious carriages of the Potocki family. They are products of Viennese, London and Paris manufacturers (Marius, Lohner, Labourdette or Rotschild).
Museum of the Polish 10th Horse Regiment
The regiment (in Polish: 10 Pułk Strzelców Konnych ) goes back to the formation of a squadron in Italy at the end of the First World War . The German-Polish border was crossed on April 29, 1919. After the end of the Polish-Soviet war , this squadron was stationed in Łańcut in 1921, where it was reclassified to a fighter regiment in the same year. In 1937 the regiment was motorized and subordinated to Colonel Stanisław Maczek's 10th Armored Cavalry Brigade . After fighting around Łańcut (September 1939) and Lemberg , deployments in Hungary and France (1940), the unit was integrated into the 1st Polish Armored Division in Great Britain in 1944 . After renewed, costly fighting in France it came to operations in Belgium and Holland and finally to the end of the war in Wilhelmshaven . In 1947 the regiment was disbanded.
The impetus for the creation of the museum was the handover of the collection of a former member of the regiment in 1983. It was and is being expanded. In addition to items from the Second World War, there are also souvenirs and militaria from the period between the wars, when Łańcut was a garrison town of the non-motorized unit.
Castle library
In the late 18th century, Izabela Lubomirska built a castle library. The original design came from Piotr Aigner, the later renovation in the late Victorian style took place under Armand Bauque and Albert Pio in the years 1899 to 1903. The interior consists of English furniture. The collection comprises around 22,000 volumes that have been acquired by the castle owners over the course of several generations. In addition to works of early book printing (including the “Statuta Sigismundi Primi Poloniae Regis” by Hieronymus Vietor from 1524, the Basel first edition of the chronicle “.. de origine et rebus gestis Polonorum libri ..” by Martin Kromer from 1555 and the atlas by Willem and Joan Blaeu "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum" from the years 1640 to 1655) the collection includes old graphics and maps (including by Lucas Cranach the Elder , Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni and Daniel Chodowiecki ), books and magazines from the 19th and beginning of the 20th century as well as nobility certificates, medals and other historical diplomas.
The collection also includes around 1500 pieces of music (some of them musical manuscripts) from scores for buffo operas, Comedie dell'arte by Gianbattista Conte de Cimador , Giovanni Paisiello , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Rinaldo di Capua or Gioacchino Rossini . In 1998 the entire collection of the palace library became the property of the Polish National Library .
literature
- Reinhold Vetter: Between Wisła / Vistula, Bug and Karpaty / Carpathian Mountains. In: Poland. History, art and landscape of an ancient European cultural nation. DuMont art travel guide. 3. Edition. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7701-2023-X , p. 522 f.
- Poland. Baedeker Allianz travel guide. Verlag Karl Baedeker, Ostfildern 1993, ISBN 3-87504-542-4 , p. 277 f.
Web links
- Site of the castle
- Detailed article with engravings and floor plan sketches (Polish)
References and comments
- ↑ Polish architect of Italian descent (date of birth unknown, year of death 1637)
- ↑ Princess Izabela Lubomirska (1733–1816) was an important patron and art collector in Poland's Rococo period . She was the daughter of August Aleksander Czartoryski and Maria Zofia Sieniawska. Her husband was the Marshal of the Crown Stanisław Lubomirski and their four children Julia Potocka, Konstancja Rzewuska, Izabela Potocka and Aleksander Potocki.
- ↑ Udo von Alvensleben , Das Schloss Lancut in Polen , article in: Atlantis, 1959, 10th year, p. 483.
- ↑ according to Information Castles and Palaces ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Podkarpackie.pl from October 1, 2007 (English)
- ↑ Parts of the collection are now in the Gallery of Ancient Art of the National Museum in Warsaw
