Palazzo in fortezza
As palazzo in fortezza ( "fortified castle") are palaces or castles designated by fortifications (symbolically indicated or fortifications) are surrounded.
This design originated in Italy in the early 16th century and was common well into the 17th century. The building concept was based on the idea of architecturally clearly separating military tasks from the representative and civil tasks of a residence.
On behalf of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese , the engineer Antonio da Sangallo the Elder began in 1515 near Caprarola with the construction of the fortified ground floor of a palazzo in fortezza. From 1559 to 1573, Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola was responsible for the construction of the actual palace, the Palazzo Farnese of Caprarola. The first palazzo in fortezza on German soil was built under Alessandro Pasqualini in 1549: Jülich Castle within the Jülich Citadel . This construction method was particularly popular with Polish aristocrats who had their country houses fortified by Italian builders . The castle near Wiśnicz , built in the 14th century, was surrounded by fortifications from 1621 to 1625.
While “real” fortifications / bastions were always (?) Built around the castles in the Renaissance period (corresponding to the real dangers in the Thirty Years' War ), in the Baroque period the fortifications were usually only indicated symbolically. For example at Schloss Friedrichswerth in Thuringia, a baroque hunting lodge. As in the baroque Seibersdorf Castle in Austria. Newly built residences such as those in Podhorce and Krzyżtopór were often (only) built on a bastioned ground floor , following the example of the Palazzo in Caprarola . Such a palazzo in fortezza can also be found in Moravian Austerlitz . But even in the baroque era, real fortifications were occasionally built around older castles or new castles. For example, the newly built Friedenstein Castle with its own fortress (today only the underground casemates remain from the fortress) in Thuringia.
The only partially preserved Jülich Castle in the Jülich Citadel is the earliest example of a “Palazzo in fortezza” in Germany
Citadel Jülich with the Jülich Castle in 1589, North Rhine-Westphalia
historicist Hohenzollern Castle (19th century) with older fortifications, Baden-Württemberg
the unusual, castle- like castle Steinau , Hesse
Castle Pyrmont fortress in 1750, Lower Saxony
Pyrmont Castle , baroque fortress gate
Bückeburg moated castle, a "rounded castle", around 1654, Lower Saxony
Sonnenstein Castle with the baroque fortress, Saxony, 1757, Canaletto
Baroque fortress Rosenberg with castle (15th – 17th century), Bavaria
inner fastening ring of the moated castle Heldrungen , the classic "round castle" of the late Gothic and Renaissance periods
Marienberg Fortress with palace complex, Bavaria
Floor plan of the fortress Poel with the renaissance castle around 1700, completely razed, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
West gate of the fortress of Moritzburg Castle , Saxony-Anhalt
Seibersdorf Castle , symbolic baroque castle with bastions, Austria
Sbarash Castle , Ternopil Oblast , Ukraine
Notable surviving examples in Germany and Europe
- Hohenzollern Castle , Baden-Wuerttemberg
- Rosenberg Fortress with palace complex, Bavaria
- Marienberg Fortress with palace complex, Bavaria
- Willibaldsburg Castle , Bavaria
- Senftenberg fortress with castle, Brandenburg, best preserved fortress in Germany in pure earthwork
- Steinau Castle , fortress-like castle, Hesse
- Spantekow fortress with renaissance castle, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Fortified Renaissance moated castle Landskron , ruin, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Landestrost Castle with fortress, well preserved, Lower Saxony
- Pyrmont Castle with fortress, preserved, Lower Saxony
- Citadel Jülich with castle, preserved, North Rhine-Westphalia
- Sonnenstein Castle with a fortress, partially softened, Saxony
- Moritzburg (Halle) , castle with rondelles, Saxony-Anhalt
- Mansfeld fortress with three castles and castle church, partially defused, ruins, Saxony-Anhalt
- Wendelstein Fortress (Memleben) with two / three castles, mostly ruins, Saxony-Anhalt
- Moritzburg Castle (Zeitz) with fortress, inner ring of fortifications preserved, Saxony-Anhalt
- Friedrichswerth Palace , symbolically bastioned baroque hunting lodge, completely preserved, Thuringia
- Friedenstein Castle with baroque fortress, partially razed, casemates preserved, Thuringia
- Heldrungen fortress with moated castle, well-preserved fortifications with double moats, rondelles and corner bastions, Thuringia
- Seibersdorf Castle , symbolically bastioned baroque castle, completely preserved, Austria
- Krzyżtopór Castle , bastioned castle, ruin, Poland
- Kronborg Castle , Denmark
- Häme Castle , Finland
- Arensburg Castle in Kuressaare on the Baltic Sea island Saaremaa / Ösel, Estonia
- Kalmar Castle , Sweden
- Castle / Castle Wawel , Poland
List of castles surrounded by fortifications, bastions or rondeled castles, including decongested and disused castles
- Eichelsheim moated castle , demolished, Baden-Wuerttemberg
- Fortress Hohentwiel with former Twiel Castle, ruin, Baden-Wuerttemberg
- Hohenzollern Castle , Baden-Wuerttemberg
- Heidelberg Castle , Baden-Wuerttemberg
- Johannisburg Castle , planned bastion castle, only one bastion was built, Bavaria
- Willibaldsburg Castle , Bavaria
- Rosenberg Fortress with palace complex, Bavaria
- Plassenburg Castle , Bavaria
- Wülzburg with palace construction, Bavaria
- Marienberg Fortress with palace complex, Bavaria
- Senftenberg fortress with castle, Brandenburg, best preserved fortress in Germany in pure earthwork
- Harburg Castle in a former fortress, razed, remains of the castle preserved, Hamburg
- Babenhausen Castle (Hessen) with fortress, Hessen
- castle-like Dillenburg castle with fortress, Hesse
- Former Landgraves' Residenzschloss Kassel , abandoned, Hesse
- Königstein Fortress , only ruins of the palace complex have been preserved, Hesse
- presumably former Lich Castle , because it was included in a fortress town, Hesse
- Castle- like Marburg Castle with fortress, Hesse
- former Philippseck Palace , looped, Hesse
- Steinau Castle , fortress-like castle, Hesse
- former fortress and castle Poel , razed, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Former citadel of Schwerin Castle , fortifications razed, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Spantekow fortress with renaissance castle, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Fortified Renaissance moated castle Landskron , ruin, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Citadel around the former residential castle Wolgast , complex completely demolished, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Former Averborg Castle , redesigned / new building from 1851, Lower Saxony
- Bederkesa moated castle with fortress, parts preserved, Lower Saxony
- Bleckede moated castle with fortress, Lower Saxony
- Bremervörde Castle with fortress, razed, parts of the outer bailey and ramparts preserved, Lower Saxony
- Bückeburg Castle with fortress, decongested, Lower Saxony
- Celle Castle with fortress, softened, moat of fortress preserved, Lower Saxony
- Erichsburg Castle with fortress, de-fortified, Lower Saxony
- Castle Stickhausen with fortress, defused, Lower Saxony
- former moated castle Esens , abandoned, Lower Saxony
- Friedeburg Castle with fortress, razed, small remains, Lower Saxony
- Gifhorn Castle , loosened, Lower Saxony
- Jever Castle , softened, Lower Saxony
- Formerly renaissance moated castle Lage (Dinkel) , destroyed, little remains, Lower Saxony
- former moated castle Langwedel (Weser) , razed, minimal remains, Lower Saxony
- Former fortress Leerort with palace complex, razed, ramparts preserved, Lower Saxony
- Neuchâtel Castle (Zetel) with fortress, softened, Lower Saxony
- Landestrost Castle with fortress, well preserved, Lower Saxony
- former Nienburg Castle , bastioned castle, demolished, Lower Saxony
- Formerly bastioned Castle Oldenburg , loosened, Lower Saxony
- Citadel Petersburg (Osnabrück) with palace complex, completely razed, Lower Saxony
- Calenberg fortress with palace complex, partially razed, ruin, Lower Saxony
- Moated castle Peine with fortress, ruin, Lower Saxony
- Pyrmont Castle with fortress, preserved, Lower Saxony
- Rethem Castle , bastioned moated castle, parts preserved, Lower Saxony
- Rodenberg moated castle with fortress, almost completely demolished, Lower Saxony
- Former moated castle Stolzenau , demolished, Lower Saxony
- Moated castle Auburg , loosened, castle preserved, Lower Saxony
- Bastion moated castle Kniphausen , softened a. Partial demolition, Lower Saxony
- Former Wittmund Castle , demolished, ramparts preserved, Lower Saxony
- Citadel Ludgerusburg with palace complex, destroyed, ruin, North Rhine-Westphalia
- Princely residential castle Detmold with fortress, softened, moat of the fortress preserved, North Rhine-Westphalia
- Citadel Jülich with castle, preserved, North Rhine-Westphalia
- Rheydt moated castle with fortress, softened, North Rhine-Westphalia
- Haus Horst (Mönchengladbach) with fortress, softened, North Rhine-Westphalia
- Former Philippsburg Palace (Koblenz) , bastioned palace, demolished, Rhineland-Palatinate
- Crottorf moated castle, rounded castle, Rhineland-Palatinate
- Altes Homburger Schloss fortress , razed, ruin, Rhineland-Palatinate
- Sonnenstein Castle with a fortress, partially softened, Saxony
- So-called "New Castle" near Braunschwende , invest ruin, ramparts and ditches, Saxony-Anhalt
- Moritzburg (Halle) , castle with rondelles, Saxony-Anhalt
- Mansfeld fortress with three castles and castle church, partially defused, ruins, Saxony-Anhalt
- Wendelstein Fortress (Memleben) with two / three castles, mostly ruins, Saxony-Anhalt
- Moritzburg Castle (Zeitz) with fortress, inner ring of fortifications preserved, Saxony-Anhalt
- Breitenburg moated castle with fortress, softened, Schleswig-Holstein
- Former Ratzeburg Castle , bastioned castle, totally demolished, Schleswig-Holstein
- Gottorf Castle , bastion-free castle, Schleswig-Holstein
- Friedrichswerth Palace , symbolically bastioned baroque hunting lodge, completely preserved, Thuringia
- Former fortress Grimmenstein with palace complex, rounded lock, completely razed, Thuringia
- Friedenstein Castle with baroque fortress, partially razed, casemates preserved, Thuringia
- Heldrungen fortress with moated castle, well-preserved fortifications with double moats, Thuringia
- Bertholdsburg Castle , formerly rounded castle, largely decongested, Thuringia
- Guntersdorf Castle , formerly a bastioned moated castle, loosened, Austria
- Seibersdorf Castle , symbolically bastioned castle, completely preserved, Austria
- Wilfersdorf Castle , formerly bastion-free castle, Austria
- Ebreichsdorf Castle , formerly a bastioned moated castle, loosened, Austria
- Riegersburg (castle) , Austria
- Nowy Wiśnicz , bastioned castle, Poland
- Krzyżtopór Castle , bastioned castle, ruin, Poland
- Pardubice Castle , bastioned castle, Czech Republic
- Slavkov u Brna , bastion castle, Czech Republic
- Sternberg Castle , bastioned castle, Czech Republic
- Aalborghus Castle , Denmark
- Kronborg Castle , Denmark
- Häme Castle , Finland
- Arensburg Castle in Kuressaare on the Baltic Sea island Saaremaa / Ösel, Estonia
- former fortress Old Castle Birsen / Biržai , remains of the ramparts, Lithuania
- Rounded castle ruins Kaunas , Lithuania
- Älvsborg Fortress , ruin, Sweden
- Kalmar Castle , Sweden
- Malmöhus , Sweden
- Borgholm Castle , ruin, Sweden
- Akershus Fortress , Norway
- Castle / Castle Wawel , Poland
- Memelburg , remains of the ramparts and bastions, Lithuania
Individual evidence
- ↑ Konrad Doose, Siegfried Peters: Renaissance fortress Jülich - city layout, citadel and residential palace - their origins and their present-day appearance . 2nd Edition. Fischer, Jülich 1997, ISBN 3-87227-058-3 , pp. 36-38.