Palazzo in fortezza

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Model of the bastioned Senftenberg Castle , Renaissance fortress, Brandenburg
Senftenberg Castle , within the wall, a "Palazzo in fortezza" (castle in a fortress)
symbolic baroque hunting lodge Friedrichswerth , Thuringia

As palazzo in fortezza ( "fortified castle") are palaces or castles designated by fortifications (symbolically indicated or fortifications) are surrounded.

This design originated in Italy in the early 16th century and was common well into the 17th century. The building concept was based on the idea of ​​architecturally clearly separating military tasks from the representative and civil tasks of a residence.

On behalf of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese , the engineer Antonio da Sangallo the Elder began in 1515 near Caprarola with the construction of the fortified ground floor of a palazzo in fortezza. From 1559 to 1573, Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola was responsible for the construction of the actual palace, the Palazzo Farnese of Caprarola. The first palazzo in fortezza on German soil was built under Alessandro Pasqualini in 1549: Jülich Castle within the Jülich Citadel . This construction method was particularly popular with Polish aristocrats who had their country houses fortified by Italian builders . The castle near Wiśnicz , built in the 14th century, was surrounded by fortifications from 1621 to 1625.

While “real” fortifications / bastions were always (?) Built around the castles in the Renaissance period (corresponding to the real dangers in the Thirty Years' War ), in the Baroque period the fortifications were usually only indicated symbolically. For example at Schloss Friedrichswerth in Thuringia, a baroque hunting lodge. As in the baroque Seibersdorf Castle in Austria. Newly built residences such as those in Podhorce and Krzyżtopór were often (only) built on a bastioned ground floor , following the example of the Palazzo in Caprarola . Such a palazzo in fortezza can also be found in Moravian Austerlitz . But even in the baroque era, real fortifications were occasionally built around older castles or new castles. For example, the newly built Friedenstein Castle with its own fortress (today only the underground casemates remain from the fortress) in Thuringia.

  • The only partially preserved Jülich Castle in the Jülich Citadel is the earliest example of a “Palazzo in fortezza” in Germany

  • Citadel Jülich with the Jülich Castle in 1589, North Rhine-Westphalia

  • historicist Hohenzollern Castle (19th century) with older fortifications, Baden-Württemberg

  • Baroque Friedenstein Castle, in the foreground the green ramparts with the casemates of the former (largely demolished) baroque fortress, Thuringia

  • the unusual, castle- like castle Steinau , Hesse

  • Castle Pyrmont fortress in 1750, Lower Saxony

  • Pyrmont Castle , baroque fortress gate

  • Bückeburg moated castle, a "rounded castle", around 1654, Lower Saxony

  • Sonnenstein Castle with the baroque fortress, Saxony, 1757, Canaletto

  • Baroque fortress Rosenberg with castle (15th – 17th century), Bavaria

  • inner fastening ring of the moated castle Heldrungen , the classic "round castle" of the late Gothic and Renaissance periods

  • Marienberg Fortress with palace complex, Bavaria

  • Floor plan of the fortress Poel with the renaissance castle around 1700, completely razed, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

  • West gate of the fortress of Moritzburg Castle , Saxony-Anhalt

  • Seibersdorf Castle , symbolic baroque castle with bastions, Austria

Notable surviving examples in Germany and Europe

List of castles surrounded by fortifications, bastions or rondeled castles, including decongested and disused castles

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Konrad Doose, Siegfried Peters: Renaissance fortress Jülich - city layout, citadel and residential palace - their origins and their present-day appearance . 2nd Edition. Fischer, Jülich 1997, ISBN 3-87227-058-3 , pp. 36-38.