Malmöhus
Malmo (also: Malmöhus slott ) is a castle in the southern Swedish city of Malmo . The oldest parts were made between 1526 and 1530 in the Renaissance style . The building now houses Malmö's art museum and the city museum. The latter museum also includes the commandant's house and a Dutch windmill in the adjacent park.
history
The previous building of the castle was built in 1434 under Erich von Pommern . This had ordered a substantial expansion of the defenses of Malmö to the lake side. The construction of a city wall had already started at the beginning of the 15th century . This construction was now accelerated and the new castle became the western outpost. The castle was then called Møntergaarden and was a rectangular castle with high walls and a gate tower. Danish coins were minted here for a long time . There was also an eastern outer bailey , but this ceased to exist in the 1530s with the construction of the moat for the current castle.
In 1525 Friedrich I commissioned the provincial head of Malmöhus län , Albert Ravensberg, who had his seat on Malmöhus, to build a new castle. In addition he received the then enormous sum of 5,690 silver marks and after four years today's main building was finished. The castle courtyard was framed by a rifle gang with three floors, which was surrounded by another gang with four floors. At the same time, the entrance was moved to the newly created western outer bailey. The gate tower, which is still preserved today, still had one floor more.
In 1529 a fire broke out on Malmöhus, but there is no precise information about the extent of the destruction. In the following year the financial support for the castle building from the provincial income was increased from 300 to 500 marks; In 1532 this sum rose to 888 marks. This shows that the expansion of the castle continued during these years. After the feud of counts broke out in 1534, in Malmö against the Danish King Christian III. fought, the citizens of the city tore down the outer rifle gang. The traces of this corridor can still be seen in the masonry today and show that the main building was built before 1534. Various writings claim that today's castle was built after the count's feud, but this information is inconsistent with the existing building signs and accounts. Regardless of this, the castle was built between 1537 and 1540 by order of Christian III. and partly financed by Malmö Mayor Jörgen Kock , where it received a moat and four large brick corner towers.
Between 1554 and 1559, Crown Prince Friedrich, who later became Friedrich II , resided at Malmöhus. From 1567 to 1573 James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell , the third husband of Maria Stuart , was imprisoned at Malmöhus. The last Danish king who lived here for a short time was Friedrich III in 1652 . After Sweden received the Scania landscape in the Peace of Roskilde in 1658 , Malmöhus became the seat of a castle commandant. A Danish siege of the castle failed during the Skåne War . In the following years, unrest here several times danes faithful were irregulars ( Snapphanar ) held. Another famous prisoner was Carl Gustaf Armfeldt the Younger , the presumed leader of the Anjalabund against Gustav III. He died on Malmöhus in 1792.
In 1828 the remaining parts of the castle, which had previously been used by the provincial chiefs, were also used as a prison . Parts of the building were equipped with new cells. On September 4th, 1870, there was another fire on Malmöhus and several parts of the prison had to be rebuilt. In 1909 the prison was closed; the building became emergency shelter for the city's poorest citizens. After a renovation, the first museum moved into Malmöhus in 1937. Various additional buildings of the prison were replaced with new museum buildings. Today the castle has been restored and gives a good impression of how it looked in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Commandant's House
The commandant's house was in 1786 on behalf of Gustav III. built as an arsenal. It is located northwest of the castle on the Banér bastion . The house is kept in the strict classical style , which is typical of the military architecture of the late 18th century. The building consists of two floors with a granite base and copper roof and has plastered walls painted red.
As early as the early 19th century, the upper floor was converted into a hospital , while the lower floor continued to serve as a warehouse. When Malmöhus became a prison, the staff settled in the commandant's house. Part of the house housed ordinary apartments. In 1847 the prison commandant moved in, which gave the building its current name. Just like the castle, the commandant's house was temporarily used as an emergency shelter. In 1965 the house was restored to its old appearance. It has been part of Malmö's museums ever since.
Changing photo shows take place in the upper part. The lower floor contains a café, among other things.
Malmö Museum
The museum in the castle has several sections with archaeological, historical, zoological, ethnological, scientific, military history and art collections. The painting collection mainly includes pictures by the famous Malmö-born portrait painter Alexander Roslin from the 18th century.
Castle mill
The castle mill ( Slottsmöllan ) is located on the former Stenbocken bastion southwest of the castle. It was built between 1850 and 1851 in the Dutch style and replaced an earlier mill from the 17th century that burned down in 1849.
literature
- Sven Rosborn: Malmöhus. Från 1400-talets kastell till 1900-talets museum , Malmö 1977.
- Malmöhus . In: Theodor Westrin (Ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 17 : Lux-Mekanik . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1912, Sp. 670 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
Web links
- Virtual circular hike in Malmö - Malmöhus (Swedish)
- Malmöhus. malmo.se (Swedish)
Coordinates: 55 ° 36 ′ 18 ″ N , 12 ° 59 ′ 15 ″ E