Ebreichsdorf Castle
Ebreichsdorf Castle is a moated castle in Ebreichsdorf in Lower Austria.
history
For the first time in 1294 an Otachar von Ebreichsdorf was mentioned in a Heiligenkreuzer deed . In Kaltengange , a place that no longer exists today, there was a castle of greater military importance. Ebreichsdorf, together with the neighboring castles Ebenfurth and Pottendorf, was part of a chain of defensive structures that were supposed to protect the Vienna Basin from incursions from the east.
In 1328 Ulrich II von Pergau and his brother Berthold were the owners of the estate. In the second half of the 14th century Ebreichsdorf belonged to the knightly Viennese councilor family von Tirna. Rudolf von Tirna is considered to be the founder of the castle chapel. Because of high debts he had to hand over the castle to the Vienna Schottenstift in 1393 . Then the Lords of Walsee followed . In 1450 the rule was bought by the Viennese merchant Simon Pötel. He has lived in the castle continuously since 1462.
In 1474 the castle was successfully defended against the invading Hungarians, but soon afterwards fell into the hands of Matthias Corvinus and was occupied by a Hungarian occupation until the Peace of Bratislava of 1491. In 1529 Turkish troops managed to take the occupation by surprise and partially destroy the castle.
In the first half of the 16th century, the Meneses and then the Zelkings provided the lords of the castle. Carl Ludwig von Zelking, who lived in Sierndorf Castle , sold the rule to Hieronymus Beck von Leopoldsdorf in 1568 . He had the old fortification converted into a Renaissance castle with three towers and enlarged, which was not easy because of the marshy soil. He arranged for the moats to be paved. Baron von Beck owned an exquisite library in Ebreichsdorf. A lapidarium set up in the castle park was one of the most important archaeological collections of its time.
In 1683 the castle was so well equipped that all attacks by the Turks could be averted. A number of owners followed, including the mayor of Vienna Daniel Moser (1639), the Collalto family (1686) and Josef Anton Pilati -Thassul (1704). The latter had the already damaged ramparts and the moat renewed, the castle redesigned in Baroque style and expanded again to look like a fortress. The outer bailey and one of the towers were demolished. In 1747 Franz von Wiesenhütten is named as the owner, but already two years later Ebreichsdorf belonged to the Bartenstein family , who owned it for almost 80 years. There were several owners in the 19th century. They were the Kolowrat -Liebsteinsky (1843) families and their heiress, Countess Rosa Spiegel , Arco -Zinneberg (1873) and Pongracz-Metternich. In 1890–1891 a general renovation was carried out in the historicist style by the architect Ludwig Wächtler .
In 1909 the industrialist family Drasche-Wartinberg and Richard von Drasche-Wartinberg took over the castle and carried out extensive restoration work. After the looting and devastation of 1945 and the occupation, the castle was completely restored between 1959 and 1963 and equipped with new inventory. It still serves as the residence of the Drasche-Wartinberg family today. In one part of the park there is a golf course and a polo area. The castle cannot be visited.
architecture
The moated castle is located on the western edge of the small town of Ebreichsdorf of the same name and is surrounded by an extensive English park . The farm buildings are located in the south of the castle. The park is surrounded by a long wall. On the town side there is a splendid early classical portal with iron bars and pillars with vases and putti playing with dogs . The castle itself was built on a bastioned pentagon in the middle of a pond. Access is via a three-arched stone bridge.
On the south terrace is the free-standing Gothic chapel, which is dedicated to the feast of the Assumption of Mary . The almost square building was heavily renovated in the 19th century. In 1891 a roof turret with a bell was added. The protruding choir has a 5/8 ending . The ribbed vault of the single-pillar room is supported by an octagonal central column. High tracery windows illuminate the room. The stained glass paintings of the three choir windows depicting the life of Jesus from around 1390 were sold in 1922. Parts of it are now in the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna and in some American museums such as The Cloisters . A late Gothic sacrament niche with a rich tracery crown is remarkable. A Gothic Annunciation group with Mary and the Archangel Gabriel once located here has disappeared since 1945. On the outside there are three Roman tombstones from Hieronymus Beck's collection of antiquities.
Ebreichsdorf Castle is a three-storey building with an approximately square floor plan (31 × 34 m) around a rectangular inner courtyard with simple ground floor arcades on the north side. Hieronymus Freiherr von Beck had a row of coats of arms installed above the central arcade arch. The other arches are also adorned with the coats of arms of family members. The outer facades above the square plinth are smoothly plastered with corner blocks. The windows on the two upper floors, framed by stone walls, are much larger than those on the ground floor. The arched portal with rusticated walls lies in the central axis of the south front. The family coat of arms of the Drasche-Wartinberg is attached above him. The steep hipped roof is surmounted by two six and seven-story towers on the north and east sides. They are 27 and 34 m high and their core dates from the second half of the 13th or first half of the 14th century. The northern tower has a simple tent roof, the eastern tower has a renaissance gallery with four oriels above the building corners under its pointed helmet. The balustrade was added in 1890. In the attic area there are small humpback blocks at the tower edges. The interiors are largely modernized. On the first floor there are large halls that take up the entire depth of the respective wing. In two smaller rooms, beamed ceilings painted with flowers and fruit tendrils have been preserved. You are with Cath. Moser 1660. A groin-vaulted room in the south-eastern part shows remarkable vault paintings (tendrils and animals) from around 1581–1588. They were uncovered in 1959–1960.
literature
- Georg Dehio (greeting), Peter Aichinger-Rosenberger (editing): Lower Austria south of the Danube ( Handbook of Art Monuments Austria ). Verlag Berger, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85028-364-X (2 vols .; here especially vol. 1).
- Felix Halmer: Castles and palaces between Baden, Gutenstein and Wr. Neustadt . Vienna: Birken-Verlag 1968 (Lower Austria / 1; Vol. 2).
- Georg C. Martinic: Austrian Castle Lexicon . Linz: Landesverlag 1992, ISBN 3-85214-559-7 .
- Gerhard Stenzel: From castle to castle in Austria . Vienna: Kremayer & Scheriau 1976, ISBN 3-218-00288-5 .
- Franz Eppel: Art in the Land around Vienna , 1997
- Laurin Luchner: Castles in Austria I , Munich 1978
- Endre Marosi: Castles in the Austro-Hungarian border area , Eisenstadt 1990
Web links
- Entry via Ebreichsdorf Castle to Burgen-Austria
- Ebreichdorf Castle on wehrbauten.at
Individual evidence
- ↑ Document: Heiligenkreuz, documents (~ 1133-1775) 1294 (document from 1294) in the European document archive Monasterium.net .
- ^ "Adoration of the Magi (detail) [Austrian]" in New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Coordinates: 47 ° 57 ′ 46.7 " N , 16 ° 23 ′ 48.6" E