Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola

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Regola delle cinque ordini… 1562, title page

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola , also Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola or simply Vignola (born October 1, 1507 in Vignola near Modena , † July 7, 1573 in Rome ) was an Italian architect of the late Renaissance in the 16th century. His two great masterpieces are the Palazzo Farnese in Caprarola and the Jesuit church Il Gesù in Rome.

Life

Trained as a painter and perspective draftsman in Bologna , his first commissions included templates for inlay work . In 1536 he traveled to Rome to make precise drawings of the Roman temples, with the ulterior motive of publishing an illustrated Vitruvius . He was later called to Fontainebleau by King Francis I of France , where he spent the years 1541 to 1543. In Rome, where he was accepted by the Farnese , he worked with Michelangelo , who greatly influenced his style. From 1547 Vignola continued the construction work on the Palazzo Farnese in Rome. From 1564 Vignola worked on St. Peter's Basilica and constructed the two subordinate vaults according to Michelangelo's plans. His influence can also be felt in the work of Carlo Maderno on the facade of the cathedral.

In 1573 he designed Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri as a uniform, elongated oval room, another prototype of the baroque church building.

The five orders, from Vignola's Regole delle cinque ordini d'architettura
Le due regole della prospettiva prattica , 1682

His main literary work is the architectural theory textbook "Regola delle cinque ordini d'architettura" (rules of the five orders of architecture) from 1562, in which he endeavored to standardize architectural elements in a fixed interrelation of numbers. His perspective theory, "Le due regole di prospettiva pratica" (Two rules of practical perspective - Bologna 1583), left unfinished in 1573, contains his biography. Vignola presented practical applications without theoretical ambiguities, which were understandable and implementable. This made Vignola one of the three authors, alongside Serlio and Palladio , who spread the Italian style across Europe.

Title copper by Johann Christoph Weigel from: Vignola's Basic Rules on The Five Columns by Johann Rudolph Fäsch, Nuremberg around 1720

In Germany , for example, the editing of his standard work Basic Rules on The Five Pillars by the Saxon engineer and architect Johann Rudolph Fäsch (1680–1749), illustrated by the engraver Johann Christoph Weigel and published in large numbers over a century from around 1720, influenced generations of architects.

Vignola is buried in the Pantheon in Rome.

Other works

Il Gesù, Rome; Architect Vignola, Giacomo della Porta facade

Publications

literature

Web links

Commons : Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Die kleine Enzyklopädie , Encyclios-Verlag, Zurich, 1950, Volume 2, page 854
  2. ^ Des Jacobi Barozzi von Vignola basic rules on the five columns. - Auffs new to the most industrious overlooked, increased with different necessary rules, and explained with 50 cracks in Kupffer / by Johann Rudolph Fäsch, Architectum. Sr. Königl. Maj. In Pohlen and Thür. Fürstl: Durchl: Zu Sachsen, engineer captain, Nuremberg approx. 1720; Saxon State Library State and University Library Dresden
  3. ^ Ferruccio Canali: progetti commissionati dalla famiglia Boncompagni
personal data
SURNAME Barozzi da Vignola, Giacomo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Barozzi da Vignola, Jacopo; Vignola
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian architect (baroque)
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1507
PLACE OF BIRTH Vignola near Modena
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1573
Place of death Rome