Stefan Czarniecki
Stefan Czarniecki (* 1599 , † February 16, 1665 in the Sokołówka field camp , near Brody , Kingdom of Poland , today Ukraine ) was a Polish nobleman and field hetman of the Polish crown. Through his military successes against the Swedes , during the Swedish-Polish War of 1655-60 , he became a national hero .
Life
Czarniecki joined the Polish army at an early age, took his first weapons tests in 1633 on the train of King Władysław IV. Wasa against Tsar Michael I , then fought as a cavalry master against the Ukrainian Zaporozhian Cossacks and as a colonel against the Crimean Tatars .
In the Cossack uprising in the Battle of Zhovti Vody caught and 1,648 detained two years he retaliated later by defeating the Cossacks in the Battle of Beresteczko 1651. As Castellan of Kiev he occupied in 1655 by the accretion of Sweden in Poland Krakow and forced an honorable surrender through a two-month defense . Appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Army in 1656, he had to withdraw from the Swedes at Gołąb on February 18, 1656, but included the Swedish avant-garde on the right bank of the San River , followed the enemy to Sandomir , attacked him at Kozienice , Warka and Łowicz with success, invaded Wielkopolska and led King John II Casimir back to his capital.
However, instead of continuing the guerrilla war according to Czarniecki's system , the king allowed himself to be led into the three-day battle near Warsaw (July 28-30, 1656), which he lost and had to flee as a result of the defeat. However, Czarniecki led him back to Warsaw at great risk , for which he was rewarded with the Ruthenia Voivodeship and two Starosteien .
After Czarniecki forced the Prince of Transylvania , Rákóczi György , to make peace in 1657, he moved into Pomerania in support of the Danes attacked by the Swedish King Karl X Gustav and penetrated as far as Stettin , then turned against the Russians who had meanwhile invaded Poland and carried much to the victory at Połonka near Baranavichy on June 28, 1660.
Then he drove the Cossacks from Polatsk to Kiev, crossed the Dnieper and seized several places on this river. Between 1664 and 1665 he was voivode of Kiev . With the hereditary property of the Starostei Tykocin together with Białystok and its surroundings, he died in 1665 in the camp at Sokołówka in Volhynia as a result of a gunshot wound from the battle of Stawiszcze .
Relation to the present
The Polish national anthem, Mazurek Dąbrowskiego , refers to Czarniecki's resistance struggles against the Swedes under Charles X Gustav in Poland from 1655 to 1660.
See also
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Czarniecki, Stefan |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish general and hetman |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1599 |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 16, 1665 |