Log house (Dresden)
As a log cabin in is Dresden , the New Town guard on the west side of the New Town bridgehead of Augustus bridge called. The free-standing building is located on Neustädter Markt , a few meters from the Golden Rider . It was probably given the name Blockhaus for two reasons, namely because of its cube-like shape and because of its original use as a control and customs station. The architect was Zacharias Longuelune .
history
draft
The Neustädter Wache was built from 1732 to 1737 according to plans by Zacharias Longuelune . Previously, a wooden predecessor building had stood at this point from 1683, the colloquial term "block house" later also being used for the new building. The foundation stone was laid on August 3, 1732. Originally, two symmetrical buildings were to be built on both sides of the Neustädter bridgehead of the Augustus Bridge . On the roof of the eastern, unrealized building, an oversized equestrian monument to Augustus the Strong was planned, on the western building a pyramid-like obelisk with a medallion of the Elector. For financial reasons, however, the decision was made to build just one of these buildings.
Construction and history in the 18th century
After the laying of the foundation stone, work proceeded quickly, so that the building was completed up to the main cornice by October 1732. Just a few months later, however, on February 1, 1733, the elector died, which led to all work being stopped. It was not until six years later that the shell was fitted with an emergency roof to protect it from the weather, which fell victim to a storm in 1747. At the urging of the Neustadt commandant, General Graf Unruh, Elector Friedrich August II decided to complete the building in a modified form. According to plans by Johann Christoph Knöffels , an additional mezzanine was added and the house - without the pyramid - was completed with a tile-covered gable roof. In this context, the surrounding arcade was integrated into the cubic structure. Since December 1749 the Neustädter Wache was housed in the log house.
The Prussian troops signed their surrender in the course of the Seven Years' War on September 4, 1759, after which Dresden was occupied by the Austrians.
History from the 19th century to 1945
With the demolition of the Dresden fortifications , the Neustädter Kommandantur also went out in 1809, which meant that the building lost its original function. A guard was initially housed here before the log house became the residence of the governors of Dresden from 1823 to 1843 and again between 1849 and 1851. Between 1844 and 1848 it served as the apartment of the Saxon Minister of War Gustav von Nostitz-Wallwitz . During the Dresden May Uprising , this was the quarter of the anti-revolutionary forces. During these days, ministerial conferences, meetings of the commanders of the troops and negotiations between the military and the Provisional Government took place in the blockhouse.
After the bourgeois-democratic revolution was put down, it initially remained the seat of the Saxon War Ministry and housed various military authorities, including the Higher Martial Court, the military bookkeeping and the war pay office . In order to gain additional space, the attic zone was expanded in 1892 and 1893 according to plans by the architects Sommerschuh & Rumpelt . The high tiled roof was replaced by a flatter copper roof and some decorative elements were added to the facade.
With the November Revolution in 1918 and the establishment of the Weimar Republic , all defense tasks were transferred to the German state, so that the Saxon Ministry of War was dissolved. Before that, on April 12, 1919, there had been a mass rally of former front soldiers at the blockhouse protesting against the government's decision to reduce their pension entitlements. During the violent actions, the rebels managed to capture several machine guns and storm the log house. The Saxon Minister Gustav Neuring was overwhelmed by participants in the rally and, after an unsuccessful attempt to speak to the soldiers, fell into the Elbe and shot. Only on May 8th was his body found at the Kötitz ferry station near Gauernitz . The state of siege was imposed on Dresden and the uprising was suppressed by requested Reichswehr troops.
From 1922 the block house housed the military district command IV of the Reichswehr . In 1933 the military district library moved into the building with valuable books and maps. The log house burned out due to the bombing in World War II and remained in ruins for 35 years .
Reconstruction and use until 2015
The historic building was rebuilt between 1978 and 1982. Externally, the original state was based and the reconstruction of the roof extension from 1892 was dispensed with. Until 1989, the log house served as the house of German-Soviet friendship and was used for various political and cultural events. There was also a public restaurant.
After the fall of the Wall , the restaurant was closed and the building was sold by the federal government to the Free State of Saxony in 1994 . As a “consideration” for the preferential price of 3.6 million euros, the purchase contract contained the purpose limitation clause “... the buyer undertakes to use the property for a period of 15 years ... for the purposes of direct management ...” . Since then, the log house has been used for events by the state government , and the Saxon Academy of the Arts , the Dresden branch of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and the Saxon State Foundation for Nature and Environment were also located in it.
The house was again in the summer of 2013 due to inadequate flood defenses flood damage . The house was closed in winter 2013 without renovation measures. With the expiry of the earmarking, the local institutions were forced to move out. The institutions moved into alternative quarters, so the Saxon Academy of the Arts is currently working in interim quarters at the nearby Palaisplatz 3. The branch of the Saxon Academy of Sciences has also moved into its offices at Palaisplatz 3 and the Saxon State Foundation for Nature and the Environment is in the building complex on the until further notice Riesaer Strasse 7. Since the tenants moved out, the Staatsbetrieb Sächsisches Immobilien- und Baumanagement (SIB) has been working on a usage concept for the building in need of renovation. Results were not available until 2015.
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Reconstruction and use as an archive of the avant-gardes from 2019
In June 2016 it was announced that the building would be refurbished for 20 million euros by 2019 in order to then house the archive of the avant-garde of the 20th century of the art collector Egidio Marzona . Marzona donated around 1.7 million pieces to the state art collections between 2016 and 2018.
The renovation began in 2019 with extensive demolition work on the roof, walls, ceilings and foundations. Components with historical value were mapped, assessed and stored until they were reinstalled. The architecture firm Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos won the competition for the redesign. A floating cube is planned for the collection itself. An area for lectures, exhibitions and workshops as well as a cafeteria is to be created on the ground floor. After the renovation, the total of 19,000 square meters will be shared by the archive (39%), the action area (24%) and the foyer, offices and storage areas (24%). A white tank will be installed for flood protection . All windows should be sealable. The completion of the renovation is planned for 2022, the opening for 2023.
literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Vol. Dresden . Munich, Berlin (Deutscher Kunstverlag) 2005, p. 117, ISBN 3-422-03110-3
- Hans Brichzin: Events around the Dresden Blockhaus , in: Dresden History in Stories, Heft 2, Dresden 1983, pp. 67–70.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Brichzin: Lintel on the Blockhaus , in: Dresden History in Stories, Book 2, Dresden, 1983, p. 67
- ↑ Uncertain future of the log cabin . In: Saxon newspaper . September 17, 2015 ( paid online [accessed September 17, 2015]).
- ↑ MDR Kultur website ( Memento of the original from September 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Egidio Marzona donates his archive of the avant-garde of the 20th century to the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. (No longer available online.) Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden , June 22, 2016, archived from the original on June 29, 2016 ; Retrieved July 2, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Kay Haufe: Blockhouse without a roof . In: Saxon newspaper . May 23, 2020 ( online [accessed May 23, 2020]).
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 27 " N , 13 ° 44 ′ 26.53" E