Joseph von Baader

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Joseph von Baader, (oil painting from the Bavarian Academy of Sciences ), photo: BAdW
Air chamber in the green fountain house of the gardens in the Nymphenburg Palace Park in Munich
Eastern pumping station in the green fountain house of the gardens in Nymphenburg Palace Park in Munich
Grave of Joseph Baader in the old southern cemetery in Munich (replacement grave , the original one is lost)

Joseph Baader , von Baader from 1813 , (born September 30, 1763 in Munich ; † November 20, 1835 there ) was a German engineer and doctor who was one of the most important engineers of his time. Joseph Baader is a brother of Franz Xaver von Baader . Alongside Joseph Anton von Maffei (1790–1870) and Theodor Freiherr von Cramer-Klett (1817–1884), Baader is one of the three important pioneers of the railway in Bavaria.

origin

His parents were Franz Josef Baader (1733–1794) and his wife Maria Dorothea Rosalia nee. von Schöpff (1742–1829). His father was the personal physician of Duke Clemens of Bavaria . His grandfather Johann Adam Schöpf (1702–1772) was a well-known fresco painter .

Life

After studying medicine and obtaining his doctorate, Baader studied mathematics , mechanical engineering and mining . From 1786 to 1794 studied in England, the motherland of the Industrial Revolution. Famous for his publications, he was recalled to Bavaria in 1794 and in 1796 a full member of the Philosophical Class of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , 1798 Director of Mining and Mechanical Engineering in Bavaria. He was in charge of the Royal Bavarian Ironworks in Bodenwöhr and Wayerhammer, whose products could be “put alongside English and Silesian goods”. As Oberbergrat , Baader also promoted the railway system in Germany and was also active in the shipping sector. Baader also designed the modern conveyor systems for the salt works in Reichenhall and described a construction for a two-man submarine as early as 1799 .

His theory of suction and lifting pumps , published in 1797, attracted the attention of Elector Max IV. Joseph von Bayern, who commissioned Baader in 1802 with the installation of new fountains for the Nymphenburg Palace Park. In 1803 he built a cast-iron pumping station in the Nymphenburg Palace Park in Munich to operate the park-side fountain, and in 1808 a pumping station in the “Johannisbrunnhaus” that drove the large fountain in front of the palace. These pumping stations are considered to be the oldest machines still in service in Europe, if not worldwide. A special feature of the construction is the air tank , which increases and balances the line pressure and had the “strongest” fountain in Europe at the time of construction, with 55 liters per second and eight to ten meters high, a recognized milestone in engineering among experts.

Napoleon was impressed by these fountains and therefore summoned him to Paris in 1805 to work on the technical improvement of Marly's machine , i.e. H. to contribute to the water supply of Versailles. However, his proposals were not implemented. It was there that Baader also met Joseph Michel Montgolfier , the inventor of the hydraulic ram . During this time, Baader installed a hydraulic ram on the country estate of Count Montgelas in Bogenhausen (near Munich), which had been patented in Paris.

In 1807, Baader made the first drafts of railways. In detailed writings he dealt with the construction of railways and propagated the advantages of a rail link over the construction of the Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal . In 1814 he presented a plan for a horse-drawn railway from Nuremberg to Fürth, which was built 20 years later under the direction of Paul Camille von Denis . Before that, the Bavarian king had approved and inspected the construction of a test railway by von Baader in the Nymphenburg palace gardens in 1825 .

In 1810, Baader invented what was probably the first pedal boat , which was known as a water sledge because of its construction on runners . This new type of vehicle was developed by Baader himself “in the presence of the royal family. Bavarian Family ”on August 29, 1810. The invention of the water sledge was intended for an aristocratic target group who, thanks to the increased position due to the construction, could enjoy beautiful areas or hunt without personnel costs. The water sledge could be dismantled and so easily transported.

In 1813 he was raised to the Bavarian nobility.

In 1815 Baader acquired the patent for a freight wagon that was able to travel by rail and road. He was a founding member and deputy of the Monthly Gazette for Building and Land Beautification , which appeared from January 1821 and was financed by the agricultural and polytechnic associations in a circulation of 4,000 copies distributed free of charge. The main purpose of the “Society for the Useful Beautification of the Bavarian Land” had the “friendly design and improvement of the cities, markets and villages, with their markings and corridors, then the perfecting of the individual building and culture facilities, especially through order and cleanliness, to stimulate and promote the enhancement of domestic and public life ”. In response to Joseph von Utzschneider's proposal to build a railway from Rosenheim via Miesbach, Tölz, Iffeldorf to Lechbruck and a canal from Iffeldorf to Lake Starnberg and on to Munich, he published a plea for a railway connection in 1832 from Munich to Starnberg.

Von Baader is said to have invented the first pedal crank wheel in 1825 .

tomb

The tomb of Baader is on the old southern cemetery in Munich (burial ground 4 - number 12 - number 29) location .

swell

  1. ↑ New proposals and inventions to improve the water arts in mining and salt works ; Bayreuth, Lübeck, 1800
  2. ↑ Complete theory of suction and lifting pumps, and principles for their most advantageous arrangement, especially with regard to mining and saltworks, together with a description of the high artificially used in English mines, and some suggestions for improving German water art ; Bayreuth, Lübeck, 1797
  3. ↑ Projet d'une nouvelle machine hydraulique pour remplacer l'ancienne machine de Marly suivi de l'apperçu d'un autre moyen de fournir des eaux a la ville et aux jardins de Versailles, sans employer la force motrice de la riviere ; Paris, Renouard, 1806
  4. ↑ 200 years of fountains in the Nymphenburg Palace Park (PDF; 497 kB)
  5. ↑ New system of progressive mechanics or complete description of newly invented railways and wagons with various other new devices, by means of which the internal transport of all goods and products can be carried and facilitated almost everywhere as well and with far less cost and difficulty than through navigable canals ; Munich, publ. Of the author, 1822
  6. ↑ http://www.deutsches-museum.de/bibliothek/unsere-schaetze/technikgeschichte/baader/antriebsmoegitäten/ Pictures of different drives for the Baader railway system on deutsches-museum.de
  7. ↑ http://www.deutsches-museum.de/bibliothek/unsere-schaetze/technikgeschichte/baader/zwei-wege-wagen/ Image of the Baader railway as a two-way system on deutsches-museum.de
  8. ↑ http://www.deutsches-museum.de/bibliothek/unsere-schaetze/technikgeschichte/baader/berglösungen/ Image of the Baader railway system: stationary steam engines for mountain transport, muscle drive by means of a rack, transport of whole wood
  9. ↑ On the connection of the Danube with the Mayn and Rhine and the most expedient implementation of the same ; Sulzbach, JE v. Seidel, 1822 (digitized on Google Books)
  10. ↑ The above sources are based on the literature list of the Deutsches Museum
  11. ^ Ralf Roman Rossberg : History of the Railway, Sigloch Service Edition, Künzelsau, 1977
  12. ^ House of Bavarian History: Map: Nymphenburg Palace and the surrounding area, with drawing of Joseph von Baader's test route for a railway (1826) [1]
  13. ↑ The Baader water sledge . In: Annals of Physics . Volume 38, Number 2, 1811. pp. 234 f.
  14. ↑ Albrecht Vorherr: The Nymphenburg water sledge . Nymphenspiegel Volume VI, Munich 2010, p. 267 f.
  15. ↑ Monthly journal for building and country beautification, 01/1821
  16. ↑ Proposal to build a railway between Munich and Starnberg in connection with a steam boat trip on the Würmsee, to facilitate the supply of countless products from the Bavarian Oberland to the capital, and for the convenience of travelers and pleasure travelers to those areas ; Munich, 1832 (digitized on the website of the library of the Deutsches Museum)

literature

Web links

Commons : Joseph von Baader  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Baader, Joseph von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baader, Joseph Freiherr von (full name); Baader, Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German engineer
DATE OF BIRTH September 30, 1763
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH November 20, 1835
Place of death Munich