Franz von Baader

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Franz von Baader, oil painting owned by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
Franz von Baader
Grave of Franz v. Baader in the old southern cemetery in Munich

Benedict Franz Xaver , since 1808 Knight von Baader , also Franz Benedikt von Baader (born March 27, 1765 in Munich ; † May 23, 1841 ibid), was a German doctor , mining engineer and philosopher . He was a brother of the engineer and doctor Joseph von Baader .

origin

His parents were Franz Josef Baader (1733–1794) and his wife Maria Dorothea Rosalia nee. von Schöpff (1742–1829). His father was the personal physician of Duke Clemens of Bavaria . His grandfather Johann Adam Schöpf (1702–1772) was a well-known fresco painter .

Baader was the third of thirteen children.

Life

From 1781 to 1784 he studied medicine and natural sciences in Ingolstadt and Vienna . After joining his father's practice as a doctor in 1785, he gave up the profession again in 1786, as the sight of human suffering was unbearable to him, and began studying mineralogy and chemistry . His dissertation from 1786 is On Warmth . From 1788 he studied at the Freiberg Mining Academy , where Abraham Gottlob Werner was his teacher, and became a mining engineer.

In 1792 he was the first to describe the shaped charge effect .

From 1792 to 1796 Baader worked as a mine and smelter manager in England and Scotland. On the return journey he became acquainted with Schelling's writings in Hamburg . In 1797 he entered the civil service. At the same time he began to occupy himself with the works of the philosophers Jakob Böhme and Louis Claude de Saint-Martin . He published articles on elementary physiology (1797) and on the Pythagorean square in nature (1798). In 1799 he was appointed to the Bergrat in Munich, in 1801 to the Oberbergrat and in 1807 to the Oberstbergrat. In 1801 he married Franziska von Reisky, with whom he had two children.

In 1805, Baader founded the Salin - plate glass factory in Lambach in eastern Bavaria (district of Lam on the "Gläserne Steig"). Baader succeeded in developing a successful glass melting process using Glauber's salt instead of potash . He sold the patent to the Austrian government in 1811. In 1808 he became a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . Also in 1808 he was awarded the Bavarian Crown Order and thus raised to the personal knighthood .

In 1815, after the end of the war against Napoleon, Baader campaigned for a unified empire for all Christians in Europe with a pamphlet to the victorious powers ( on the need for a new and intimate connection between religion and politics brought about by the French Revolution ) . Already in his draft of 1814 for the Holy Alliance he demanded: "That the monarchs should only be guided by the Christian religion, namely justice, Christian love and peace."

In Munich, in 1835, Baader published a paper on the situation of the proletariat, making it one of the early social reformers . The extensive title of the book reads: On the current disproportion between the wealthless or proletariat and the wealthy classes of society in terms of their livelihood, both in material terms, viewed from the standpoint of law. In this pamphlet he called for the formation of associations and representations of the workers who became more and more impoverished in the free market advocated by Adam Smith .

His bust was displayed in the Hall of Fame in Munich. In Munich the Baaderstrasse and Baaderplatz and in Nuremberg the Baaderstrasse are named after him.

family

He married Franziska von Reisky (* 1785; † January 20, 1835) in Munich in 1800 and, after her death in 1839, Maria Robel (* October 16, 1814; † December 1877). He had a total of five children, including Julie (1807-1880) who married the politician Ernst von Lasaulx .

tomb

The tomb Franz von Baader is on the old southern cemetery in Munich (burial ground 14 - number 12 - 13th) Location .

philosophy

Franz von Baader's later philosophical writings were widely appreciated. His theories of a unifying world soul and his Böhme image had a particular impact on Schelling's natural philosophy, which was initially very close to him. He participated in the circle around Joseph Görres , to which the theologian Ignaz von Döllinger also temporarily listened. From 1826, Baader was honorary professor of philosophy at the Bavarian State University , founded in Ingolstadt in 1472 and relocated to Munich in 1826 , where he gave lectures on the philosophy of religion and epistemology.

Baader was close to the religious movement around Johann Michael Sailer and Johannes Evangelista Goßner , which among other things dealt with new forms of ecumenism . “It could easily be made up for in Munich what was spoiled by Wittenberg” (Werke, Vol. XV, p. 516). In the church dispute in Cologne , Baader positioned himself as a vehement opponent of ecclesiastical absolutism, whereupon the Bavarian Interior Minister Karl von Abel forbade him in 1838 to give lectures in the philosophy of religion.

Works (selection)

  • Lectures on speculative dogmatics. 4 volumes, 1828–1836 ( ULB Münster )
  • Franz von Baader's complete works . 16 volumes. Edited by Franz Hoffmann , Julius Hamberger et al. Bethmann, Leipzig 1851-60; Reprint: Scientia, Aalen 1963 ( digitized at Gallica ; corrected full text as PDF at www.venturus.de)
  • Writings of Franz von Baader . Selected and edited by Max Pulver . Insel, Leipzig 1921; Facsimile edition ibid. 1980, ISBN 3-458-14823-X
  • Writings on social philosophy . Edited by Johannes Sauter . Fischer, Jena 1925
  • The sense of society. Writings on social philosophy . Selected and edited by Hans A. Fischer-Barnicol . Hegner, Cologne 1966
  • Sentences from erotic philosophy and other scriptures . Edited by Gerd-Klaus Kaltenbrunner . Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1966; as a paperback ibid. 1991, ISBN 3-458-33020-8
  • About the justification of ethics through physics and other writings . Free Spiritual Life, Stuttgart 1969
  • Fermenta cognitionis . Edited by Detlef Weigt. Superbia, Leipzig 2008, ISBN 978-3-937554-27-3
  • Youth diaries 1786–1793 . With foreword and critical commentary, edited by Alberto Bonchino and Albert Franz. Baaderiana 2. Schöningh, Paderborn 2017, ISBN 978-3-506-76613-7

literature

Web links

Commons : Franz von Baader  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Franz von Baader  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Donald R. Kennedy: History of the Shaped Charge Effect: The First 100 Years , Defense Technical Information Center, 1990
  2. ↑ Franz von Baader: Attempt a theory of explosive work in: Bergmännisches Journal; [5], 1. 1792, St. 1 - 6 (Jan. - June) [1]
  3. ↑ cit. according to Hugo Ball, On the Critique of the German Intelligence, 1919, p. 156.
  4. ↑ Article about Baaderstraße from the series “Streets in Munich” from May 11, 2010 on www.sueddeutsche.de. Retrieved November 9, 2013 .
  5. ^ Friedrich Gruber: Die Nürnberger Strasseennamen , Verlag A. Hofmann, Nürnberg 1989
personal data
SURNAME Baader, Franz von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baader, Franz Xaver von; Baader, Franz Benedict von; Baader, Benedict Franz von; Baader, Franz Xaver
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, mining engineer and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH March 27, 1765
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH May 23, 1841
Place of death Munich