John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute

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Joshua Reynolds : John Stuart,
3rd Earl of Bute, oil on canvas, 1773

John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute KG , PC (born May 25, 1713 in London , † March 10, 1792 ibid) was a British statesman and Prime Minister . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Stuart "

Life

John Stuart, of the House of Stewart , was descended from the illegitimate son of the Scottish King Roberts II . He was the son of James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute , and his wife Anne Campbell, daughter of Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll . He inherited the title of Earl of Bute when his father died in 1723 . After graduating from Eton College , he studied law at Leiden University .

Bute was elected as the Scottish representative peer in the British House of Lords in 1737 and was part of the strongest opposition. Therefore, not re-elected, he retired to the island of Bute that belonged to him. When the pretender Charles Edward Stuart landed in 1745, he went to London, became a favorite of Frederick, Prince of Wales and, after his death, tutor of the future King George III. After his accession to the throne in 1760, Stuart became a member of the Privy Council and knew how to remove anyone who stood in the way of his ambitious plans from the vicinity of the king. Only William Pitt stayed in the Department of Foreign Affairs until October 1761. Stuart himself was first State Secretary and, after the overthrow of Thomas Pelham-Holles ' Prime Minister. As such, he concluded the preliminary peace at Fontainebleau with France against the wishes of Frederick the Great , the ally of England, on November 3, 1762 and made himself thereby as well as by favoring the Tories and new taxes, especially by introducing the stamp tax , which caused the dispute with North America was ignited, so unpopular that he had to resign on April 8, 1763.

Stuart has since lived at the castle he built at Luton Hoo in Berkshire , where a library of 30,000 volumes, a botanical garden and a rich cabinet of physical, mathematical and astronomical instruments occupied him; he died on March 10, 1792. Only employed in court intrigues, he had no statesmanship at all.

His favorite study was botany. For the Queen of England he wrote a magnificent work on the British Flora Botanical Tables , nine magnificently furnished quarto volumes, of which only twelve copies were printed and given away. The illustrations were by John Sebastian Miller . Two botanists named plant genera after him: Carl von Linné the genus of the false camellia ( Stewartia ) from the tea bush family , William Roxburgh the legume genus Butea with the Malabar lacquer tree ( Butea monosperma ). In 1783 he was a founding member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . In addition, he was also a patron for writers and artists, among other things he promoted Samuel Johnson and Robert Adam .

Marriage and offspring

In 1736 John Stuart married Mary Wortley-Montagu (1718–1794), a daughter of the writer Lady Mary Wortley Montagu . His wife was made Baroness Mount Stuart in 1761 . He had the following children with her:

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica 1911, see web links. Literally there: His short administration was one of the most disgraceful and incompetent in English history, originating in an accident, supported only by the will of the sovereign, by gross corruption and intimidation, the precursor of the disintegration of political life and of a whole series of national disasters. But he is also certified not to have the bad character that corresponded to his image in public.
  2. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed April 13, 2020 .
predecessor Office successor
James Stuart Earl of Bute
1723-1792 		John Stuart

This article is based on a text in the public domain from Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 4th edition from 1888 to 1890.

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personal data
SURNAME Stuart, John, 3rd Earl of Bute
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British Prime Minister
DATE OF BIRTH May 25, 1713
PLACE OF BIRTH London
DATE OF DEATH March 10, 1792
Place of death London