Between deck
A steerage (English: steerage, tween deck; french: entrepont) is between the main deck and the tank ceiling lying deck of a cargo ship . In passenger ships it is the lower, comfortable passenger deck at a low price.
General
To get to the part of the hold below, the tween deck can be opened or, in the case of RoRo ships, reached via ramps . In modern ships, the tween deck is often flexible in height or can be removed completely. Since the part of the tween deck located in its area is often not movable in ships with underwater storage, it can be opened or removed in the area of the cargo hatches.
Human cargo
Slave ships were equipped with tween decks in order to be able to use the cargo space optimally in both directions. The housing and treatment on these poorly ventilated decks were so inadequate that many slaves lost their lives.
Best known in the 19th century with cargo sailing ships , cargo or passenger steamers for emigrants tween decks used, which is the cheapest option for travel with family and (restricted) Portable Have the (classical) countries of immigration in overseas were.
Animal cargo
The transport of live animals for slaughter took place before 1900 in order to buy cheap beef e.g. B. to bring from South America to Great Britain . For this purpose, tween decks were also used in order to be able to transport other cargo for the return journey. From 1875 the meat was increasingly transported in refrigerated ships or by freighters with refrigerated rooms . Today, for the slaughter of sheep or cattle z. B. from Australia to the Middle East mainly used animal transporters.
Cars and bulk goods alternate
Used as hybrid or multi-purpose ships, from the 1960s onwards, bulk carriers were equipped with tween decks, which were lowered and loaded like a blind during car transport . When traveling with grain or coal they were pulled up and released the entire hold for the bulk cargo . Since these grating decks were suspended from wire ropes, they were also known as suspended decks. With the increase in car transport by sea, ships were first converted into car transporters , later new ships were built as car transporters.
Conventional cargo
Conventional cargo ships, mostly multi-purpose and heavy lift ships, have tween decks to make better use of the available space. Cargo stowed in the hold on the tank ceiling often does not reach the hatch , so that storage space cannot be used if there is no tween deck. Thanks to the intermediate deck, which takes up additional cargo up to the hatch cover, the entire cargo space can be used more effectively. There are fixed and movable tween decks, the latter being variable in height.
literature
- Erwin Strohbusch : Shipbuilding. Design, construction, manufacturing . In: 75 years of STG. 1899-1974 . Shipbuilding Society, Hamburg 1974, pp. 71-131.
- Hansheinrich Meier-Peter , Günther Ackermann: Manual ship operating technology. Operation, monitoring, maintenance . Seehafenverlag, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-87743-816-9 .
Individual evidence
- ^ DTV-Lexikon, Munich 2006, Lemma Zwischendeck.