Animal transporter (ship type)
Animal transporters (also known as cattle transporters or animal transport ships ) are cargo ships that are mainly used to transport live animals for slaughter , for example cattle , sheep ; rarely horses or camels . Livestock or breeding animals are also transported on a small scale by ship.
history
The account of Noah's Ark is the oldest record of animal transport in the Bible. Other reports about the transport of horses by mounted warriors date from ancient times and the Middle Ages. It is also known that Spanish conquerors took horses on their ships to South and Central America.
However, the first livestock transporters in today's sense were sailing ships , which were used to transport slaughtered animals over shorter distances. With the triumph of steamships , they were also used on such routes. Due to the strong growth of the livestock industry in South America and Australia , larger amounts of slaughter cattle were initially shipped over long distances. Normal general cargo ships were always used for this purpose. However, Carl von Linde invented the modern refrigeration machine around 1870 , which quickly led to animals being slaughtered, processed and transported on reefer ships on a large scale in their countries of origin. The transport of cattle for slaughter over shorter distances continued to take place on normal ships.
Animal transporters designed as such were built as early as the 1930s, but it was not until the 1960s that the transport of live animals for slaughter grew so much that the focus was increasingly on the construction of pure animal transporters, with existing ships being converted for the transport of animals were. However, new animal transporters are also being built.
The Meyer Werft is one of the few German shipyards, which has dealt several times with the conversion of ships into cattle trucks (Livestock Carriers). The shipbuilding engineers at the shipyard and the supplier industry developed automatic feeding and manure systems for this purpose.
Sample ships
The illustrated Zaher II was built in 1961 as a coaster Nashira on the Dutch Boele's Scheepswerven in Bolnes and was later converted into an animal transporter. After an astonishingly long service life of over 50 years, the vehicle was scrapped in Aliağa in the summer of 2015. Linda Clausen may be taken as another example . Built in 1972 as the passenger ship Cunard Ambassador , she was declared a total loss in 1974 due to an engine room fire and sold to the company C. Clausen D / SA / S in Copenhagen and converted into an animal transporter. After another engine room fire in 1984, she was finally scrapped. The Al Shuwaikh was a particularly large animal transporter . It was built in 1966 in Japan as the tanker Erviken for a Norwegian shipping company, and in 1981 it was shortened by almost 50 meters at Meyer Werft and converted into an animal transporter. It operated under the name Al Kuwait until it was scrapped in autumn 2012 and was able to transport around 125,000 sheep.
Animal welfare
Despite extensive regulations, there are repeated injuries and deaths of animals carried on these ships.
See also
literature
- Rolf Schönknecht / Uwe Laue: Ocean Freighters of the World Shipping Volume 1, transpress VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-344-00182-5
Web links
- Andreas Molitor: Cattle transport by ship: sea route to the slaughterhouse. spiegel.de, February 17, 2008.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Regulation (EG) No. 1/2005, Article 2l
- ^ Maritime Lexicon (English) ( Memento of November 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ "Allier" and "Ardèche", cargo steamer for the transport of sheep . In: Shipbuilding - Shipping and port construction . Vol. 33, No. 17 . Deutsche Verlagswerke Strauss, Vetter & Co., Berlin September 1932, p. 263 .
- ^ Equasis, accessed May 14, 2016
- ↑ http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz/ship/show/75531 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Miramar, accessed May 2, 2009
- ↑ http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz/ship/show/86027 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Miramar, accessed May 2, 2009
- ↑ Requirements of the Seeberufsgenossenschaft for the construction of animal transporters ( Memento of October 15, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
