Stammheim Castle (Cologne)

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Stammheim Castle, Duncker Collection, 1860
Main entrance to the palace park, 2010

The Stammheim castle was a castle in the east of the Rhine in Cologne district of Stammheim , Stammheimer main road 67. It was in 1944 during the Second World War destroyed.

location

The property was located directly on the Rhine, northwest of the center of Stammheim. Because of the then undeveloped arch of the Rhine, the Cologne Cathedral, about 5300 meters south, was visible from the castle .

history

First mention

Already at the end of the 1st millennium there was a royal court in Stammheim. In 959 Archbishop Bruno donated them to the Cologne Abbey of Groß St. Martin . Stammheim Castle ( Stamhem , Stampheym , Stamel ) first appeared in a document in 1083 when Archbishop Sigewin von Are received gifts for the Martinskloster in Cologne.

1136 to 1928

Franz Egon von Fürstenberg-Stammheim ( lithograph around 1830)

Stammheim has been the seat of a knight dynasty since 1136, when an Edmund von Stammheim is mentioned. Richzo (1161) and Evert von Stammheym (1190) followed. Name bearers who were in the service of the Counts of Berg are known for the 13th and 14th centuries . In the 17th century, Johann von Stammheim was the last male name bearer to settle on Stammheim. His only daughter, Maria, married Wimar von der Sülzen, known as "von Diependal", in 1637 and brought the castle into their marriage; she died in 1698.

Her granddaughter Maria Katharina von Diependal continued the inheritance and brought the property to Caspar von Weyhe through marriage in 1701. Friedrich Ferdinand von Scharffenstein (since 1746 Freiherr, known as “von Pfeil”; 1718–1795) acquired the castle from this, probably in 1751 after the death of the last von Diependal. Von Scharffenstein was also the builder of the rococo palace built around 1780. The art historian and professor emeritus of the Bergische Universität Wuppertal Hermann J. Mahlberg assigns this building to the oeuvre of the master builder Johann Georg Leydel . Friedrich Ferdinand's son Max August Freiherr von Pfeil (1762-1824), treasurer of the Electorate of Cologne, inherited the castle in 1795 and sold it in 1818 to Baron Theodor Hermann Adolf von Fürstenberg-Neheim (1772-1828), the founder of the Rhenish family branch of the von Fürstenberg family . From him it came to his son, Count Franz Egon von Fürstenberg-Stammheim (1797-1859) and subsequently to the grandson Count Gisbert Egon von Fürstenberg-Stammheim (1836-1908).

1928 until today

After the death of the last von Fürstenberg – Stammheim living at Schloss Stammheim, Countess Eugenie nee von Auersperg, Gisbert Egon's widow, who died on August 3, 1925, the castle was bought by the City of Cologne in 1928. Used by the Reich Labor Service during the National Socialist era , the palace burned down to the outer walls after an air raid in 1944. The masonry of the two-story war ruins on the right bank of the Rhine stood until the beginning of the 1950s. The farm buildings behind it had already been demolished. On April 1, 1952, the Bayer paint factories in Leverkusen took over the property with a little more than 20 acres of attached land (park) to build a retirement home for former employees, which was named after Ulrich Haberland , the chairman of the board at the time . While the building site of the castle remained free, the old people's home was built in place of the commercial buildings. The city of Cologne reserved the right of repurchase in all cases. Bayer also took care of the park and kept it open to the public. On January 1, 1983, the city of Cologne took possession of the park again free of charge, including the vacant old people's home to supplement its public green spaces. After a temporary lease to the Kölner Studierendenwerk , which set up a dormitory in the building, the building has been unused since 2001.

In June 2018, the city of Cologne started an ideas and investor competition to revitalize the Ulrich Haberland House after previous efforts to find an investor or to otherwise use the building, including as refugee accommodation, failed.

description

The two-story mansion with a high broken mansard roof was designed in the simplest rococo forms . The main building of 9 to 4 axles was added to the left and right wing of 3 to 2 axles on the Rhine side. At the rear, the outer bailey with farm buildings, stables and other ancillary rooms was connected to the north. Below is the library in its central wing. The castle housed numerous works of art during the von Fürstenbergs' times.

Current condition

Only a profiled entrance version of the structures has been preserved, along with a double coat of arms in the Keilstein , which was reused when the Ulrich Haberland House was built. The park , which was laid out in 1832 based on a design by Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe (1775–1846), is freely accessible to the public. In addition to its function as a recreational area, the park has housed a sculpture park since 2002. Shortly after the North Rhine-Westphalian Monument Protection Act came into force , the park was placed under protection on July 1, 1980 (No. 694), including a stone lion posted at the beginning of the lime tree avenue leading to the castle. The Ulrich Haberland House followed on May 19, 1989 (No. 505).

literature

  • Festival book for the 375-year-old Schützen- und Volksfest from August 2 to August 10, 1969 . Ed. St. Sebastianus-Schützenbruderschaft Köln-Stammheim, o. Publisher, Köln-Stammheim 1969.
  • Johann Bendel : Homeland book of the district of Mülheim am Rhein. History and description. Sagas and stories . 2nd and 3rd ed., Self-published, Cologne-Mülheim 1925, pp. 408, 410.
  • Paul Clemen (arrangement) in connection with Edmund Renard: The art monuments of the Mülheim am Rhein district . L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1901 (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz, 5th, II), pp. 141–147.
  • Hermann J. Mahlberg : The architect and sculptor Johann Georg Leydel . A contribution to the Rhenish architectural history of the 18th century (also dissertation, University of Cologne). Cologne 1973, pp. 256-258.
  • Henriette Meynen: List of monuments. 12.7 Cologne District 9 (Mülheim) Ed. Landeskonservator Rheinland, Rheinland Verlag, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7927-0461-7 (= historical texts ), p. 144.
  • Margaret Ritter: Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe. (1775-1846). A life for garden art . Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-7700-3054-5 , (= sources and research on the history of the Lower Rhine , edited by the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein, vol. 7; also publications from the Düsseldorf city archive, vol. 13) p. 79-83.
  • Hermann Maria Wollschläger: Cologne Castle Guide. Voyages of discovery by bike or car to palaces, castles and country estates . Wienand, Cologne 1985, ISBN 3-87909-140-4 (= Discover Cologne , Vol. 2), pp. 53–58 (floor plan, p. 56).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Paul Clemen: The art monuments of the district of Mülheim am Rhein.
  2. ^ Vinzenz Jakob von Zuccalmaglio , history and description of the city and the district of Mülheim a. R. , Volume 2, 1846, p. 337
  3. ^ Hermann J. Mahlberg: The architect and sculptor Johann Georg Leydel
  4. ^ Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen, civil status archive Rhineland, civil status register, registry office Mülheim, deaths, 1925, document no. 438.
  5. ↑ a b Festival book for the 375-year-old Schützen- und Volksfest from August 2 to August 10, 1969.
  6. ↑ Investor competition for Ulrich-Haberland-Haus started , stadt-Koeln.de from June 1, 2018, accessed on August 31, 2018.
  7. ^ Johann Bendel: Heimatbuch des Landkreis Mülheim am Rhein. History and description. Sagas and stories.

Web links

Commons : Stammheim Castle  - collection of images

Coordinates: 50 ° 59 ′ 12.5 ″  N , 6 ° 58 ′ 49.9 ″  E