Johann Georg Leydel

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Gnadenkirche in Bergisch Gladbach (1776)
St. Remigius in Königswinter (1779–80)

Johann Georg Leydel (* 25. October 1721 in Allersberg ; † 26. May 1785 in Mülheim on the Rhine ) was a German builder of the rococo .

Life

Johann Georg Leydel was born on the former Kleehof in the former municipality of Brunnau as the son of master bricklayer Martin Leydel and his wife Anna (née Ginget) and baptized in Allersberg. On the recommendation of the prince-bishop's master builder in Eichstätt , Gabriel de Gabrieli , who worked in Allersberg and with whom Martin Leydel was also under contract, contact was probably made with the Teutonic order builder Franz Joseph Roth , with whom JG Leydel from after his school days in Allersleben 1734 to 1736 was allowed to complete training as a bricklayer and sculptor. From 1737 to 1739 he worked as a traveling journeyman with the master builders Leopoldo Retti and Johann David Steingruber , where he was able to expand his artistic and stylistic knowledge, which was previously more technical and technical. After 1739 he deepened his knowledge to the production of building designs with Johann Conrad Schlaun . On his recommendation, he was to be localized as an employee of Balthasar Neumann from 1742 , under whom he knew how to distinguish himself as a "designer". At the beginning of the 1740s he came to the Kurkölnischer Hof in Bonn as part of Neumann's entourage .

On September 29, 1746 he married Elisabeth Schröder from Poppelsdorf , with whom he had a total of nine children. Since his wife came from a respected family, existing contacts and relationships with both the civil servants and the craftsmen had been of inestimable value for his early freelance work as an architect. As a starting point for his architectural work, his buildings must be considered first, which he for the Baron August Wilhelm von Wolff-Metternich was able to realize, as the then the Bauintendant shelter the entire Electorate of Cologne building. But he was also able to demonstrate his talent for representative buildings to the rest of the nobility and the wealthy bourgeoisie with suitable designs. From the beginning of the 1750s he was also active in the area of ​​the Duchy of Berg .

Around 1764/65, due to the so-called Seven Years' War and the generally poor situation as a result, he was forced to accept corresponding orders for road construction. From 1765 he was able to gain a foothold in the again flourishing industrial and trading town of Mülheim / Rhein and until the 1780s realized artistically demanding buildings both private and municipal. These successes quickly earned him the office of master builder of Mülheim. Despite this office, he stayed with his family and his workshop in Poppelsdorf until 1774, where he even took over the office of “master builder”, which can be equated with master builder.

The death of his second son Michael (1782), who had meanwhile worked as an architect in Krefeld , must be regarded as a severe blow of fate. Further requirements, such as the undertaking that was caused by the flood disaster of 27./28. Reactivating parts of the city of Mülheim that had been destroyed in February 1784 through appropriate re-planning, tied him to the sick bed for weeks. An attempt to return to work with his 16-year-old son Georg Peter failed.

Johann Georg Leydel died on May 26, 1785 at the age of 64. His eldest son Martin Leydel , who had moved to Ahrweiler in 1773 and took over Michael's studio in Krefeld in 1782, inherited him.

Buildings (selection)

Documentary proof of authorship can only be proven for the Protestant parish church in Bergisch Gladbach . In the absence of archival evidence, the other listed buildings can only be ascribed to J. G. Leydel by means of stylistic comparisons or by reflecting on life data and contacts with the respective client - with a high degree of probability. The following list only deals with sacred and profane buildings. The altars , decorations, furnishings and other objects designed by Leydel were not shown.

Sacred buildings

  • Hersel near Bonn, formerly Catholic Parish church (today Agidiussaal) (1744–1747), see: List of architectural monuments in Bornheim (Rhineland)
  • Villip near Bad Godesberg, tower of the cath. Church of St. Simon and Jude (1746). Presumably Leydel only supplied the drafts for the tower and the entrance door.
  • Pingsdorf near Brühl, Catholic parish church St. Pantaleon (1746). The execution was in the hands of the master mason Gerhard Cadusch.
  • Endeich , formerly Catholic Parish Church of St. Maria Magdalena (1747–1748). Demolished in 1897 and replaced by a neo-Gothic building.
  • Gymnich , Catholic parish church St. Kunibert (1759–1762)
  • Rosbach (Windeck) , Ev. Parish Church (1763–1767). The architectural concept can be traced back to Leydel. The implementation planning and implementation was in the hands of the master mason Wirths from Altenkirchen. Heinrich Fischer and Peter Brett can be proven to be master carpenters.
  • Eckenhagen , baroque church Eckenhagen (1764–1766). The architectural concept can be traced back to Leydel. The implementation including the work planning was then obviously in the hands of another builder.
  • Essen-Steele , Fürstin-Franziska-Christine-Stiftung (1764–1770). Until 1766, construction management was in the hands of the Jülisch-Bergisch court architect Ignatius Kees. After that it was probably Leydel who enlarged the project and was available as the building manager. The realization of the construction project was in the hands of the Düsseldorf contractor Joseph Judas.
  • Sechtem , Nikolauskapelle (1771). The Brühl bricklayer Jakob Hackspiel and the carpenter Laurentius Gareis from Bonn acted as site managers.
  • Bergisch Gladbach , Ev. Parish Church (1776–1777). The tower was built in 1787 by Andreas Weltersbach. A new version carried out in 1899 in the form of an extension of the octagonal community hall and the enrichment of the entrance area with a column portico goes back to the Berlin architect Otto March.
  • Königswinter , Catholic Parish Church of St. Remigius (1779–1780)

Profane buildings

  • Poppelsdorf , guard houses in front of Clemensruhe Castle (around 1747)
  • Bonn , electoral stables on the Sterntorbastion (1748–1749), demolished at the beginning of the 20th century
  • Poppelsdorf, reconstruction of the so-called "Star Castle" (1748–1750). The building was demolished at the beginning of the 20th century.
  • Liedberg , Raedt House (around 1750)
  • Bonn, Michaelstor (today: Koblenzer Tor) with court theater (1751–1755). The construction of the gate deviates from the sense of style of the previously suspected builders Michael Leveilly and Johann Heinrich Roth and rather speaks in favor of the implementation of the gate construction design by Leydel.
  • Hersel, house Rheinuferweg 21 (1752)
  • Cologne , from Geyr'sches Palais, Breite Strasse 92 (1753–1754). The building was executed - probably according to the plans of Leydel - by the Cologne master stonemason Nikolaus Krakamp. The demolition took place in 1911.
  • Wahn Castle (around 1753 / 54–1757). Considerable damage caused by the Second World War could be repaired in terms of monument preservation.
  • Rheinbach , Müttinghoven Castle (around 1754)
  • Cologne, house Gereonstrasse 12 (1758), destroyed in the Second World War
  • Paffrath , House Blegge (1758–1762)
  • Türnich Castle (1758–1763). The stylistic features of this building speak for a design by Leydel. A conception by Ignatius Kees or Michael Leveilly therefore seems out of the question.
  • Cologne-Mülheim, Krahnenburg House, Krahnenstrasse 8 (around 1758)
  • Dersdorf near Bonn, formerly Lindenhof (around 1760)
  • Former Marienthal / Ahr Monastery , so-called Abbess House (1762)
  • Cologne-Mülheim , Wallstraße, former velvet and silk factory of Christoph Andreae (1765–1766), demolished in the second half of the 20th century
  • Cologne-Mülheim, Wallstrasse, Hack House (1767), demolished in the 19th century
  • Miel Castle near Rheinbach (1768–1770)
  • Sechtem , reconstruction of the so-called "Gray Castle" (1768–1775)
  • Bergheim / Erft , former Frentz House (1769). Although the building was badly damaged in World War II and then changed, Leydel's activities can still be traced.
  • Solingen-Ohligs , Hackhausen Castle (1772). The building burned down in 1887, but was rebuilt in 1907 by the architect Paul Schultze-Naumburg in an almost original design language.
  • Ahrweiler , Catholic rectory (1773–1774). There is evidence that a master carpenter J. Heuser was involved in the woodwork.
  • Cologne-Mülheim, Leydel's estate “At the Steinpforte” (1773–1776), remodeled at a later date.
  • Cologne-Mülheim, renovation of the house "Auf der Bach" (after 1773)
  • Leverkusen , Morsbroich Castle (1774–1775)
  • Ahrweiler, former City Guard (1774–1775). Possibly. the concept goes back to a cooperation between Johann Georg Leydel and his father Martin Leydel.
  • Cologne-Mülheim, House Freiheit 119 (around 1775)
  • Niederündorf , former Boullé house (1776). Despite a renovation that was probably carried out in 1882, Leydel's architectural handwriting can still be reconstructed. Badly damaged in the Second World War, the building was rebuilt in a modern design.
  • Cologne-Mülheim, House Wallstrasse 56 (around 1776). The building was destroyed in the Second World War and rebuilt in a simplified design.
  • Cologne-Mülheim, Andreae'sche Färberei, Wallstrasse 30–34 (around 1776)
  • Cologne-Mülheim, House Wallstrasse 100 (around 1776). The building was damaged in World War II and therefore demolished in the 1950s.
  • Köln-Mülheim, Haus Freiheit 59 (around 1780), destroyed in World War II.
  • Cologne, house at Sternengasse 95 (around 1780). The building was demolished in 1935.
  • Wesseling , Haus Ruttmann, Kölner Strasse 6 (around 1780). The building was expanded in the early 19th century with a gatehouse. Nevertheless, Leydel's formal influence can be determined.
  • Cologne-Mülheim, house Freiheit 40 (around 1780). The building was damaged in World War II and therefore demolished in the post-war years.
  • Cologne, Stammheim Palace (around 1780). The castle was damaged in World War II and therefore demolished in the post-war years.
  • Solingen , house Kölner Strasse 23 (after 1780). The building was destroyed by the effects of the war in 1944.
  • Cologne-Mülheim, so-called "Elberfelder Bau" on the former Kohlplatz (1784–1785), the construction was canceled in 1928

Gate structures and garden houses

  • Former Altenberg Abbey , gate construction (around 1750). The design can be traced back to Leydel, the execution was demonstrably in the hands of the Brühl master mason Gerhard Cadusch.
  • Former Heisterbach Abbey , gatehouse (1750)
  • Hersel, Rheinuferweg garden house (around 1752)
  • Cologne-Mülheim, garden house of the house Freiheit 40 (around 1773). Burned down in World War II and later demolished

literature

  • Hermann Josef Mahlberg: The architect and sculptor Johann Georg Leydel. A contribution to the architectural history of the Rhineland in the 18th century. (Diss.) Cologne 1973
  • Franz Hirscheider: Johann Georg Leydel (1721–1785). Allersberger Maurersohn became an important architect in the Rhineland. In: Local history forays, series of publications by the district of Roth. No. 12, Roth 1993, pp. 83-85

Web links

Commons : Johann Georg Leydel  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Francis Hirscheider: Johann Georg Leydel (1721-1785). Allersberger Maurersohn became an important architect in the Rhineland. In: Local history forays, series of publications by the district of Roth. Issue 12, pp. 83-85
  2. ↑ a b c d Hermann Josef Mahlberg: The architect and sculptor Johann Georg Leydel. A contribution to the architectural history of the Rhineland in the 18th century. Cologne 1973, p. 37 ff.
  3. ↑ Ibid, p. 67 ff.
  4. ↑ Profile of St. Simon and Jude Thaddäus Villip accessed on March 3, 2013
  5. ^ Church of St. Pantaleon Pingsdorf accessed on March 3, 2013
  6. ↑ 110 years of St. Maria Magdalena - Kirchweihfest on November 14, 2003, accessed on March 3, 2013
  7. ↑ Rosbach - Ev. Church district an der Agger ( Memento of the original from June 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 3, 2013  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ekagger.de
  8. ^ Haus Raedt , accessed on March 2, 2013.
  9. ↑ To the castle archive of the Rhenish Bay , accessed on March 2, 2013.
  10. ↑ Krahnenstrasse 8 (51063 Mülheim) accessed on March 3, 2013
  11. ^ Parish Church of St. Albertus Magnus, accessed on March 3, 2013
  12. ^ Residential houses Mülheimer Freiheit 119–121, 51063 Cologne-Mülheim, accessed on March 3, 2013
  13. ↑ Wallstrasse 56 (51063 Mülheim), accessed on March 3, 2013
  14. ↑ Wallstrasse 100 (51063 Mülheim) accessed on March 3, 2013
  15. ↑ Sternengasse 95 (50676 Altstadt-Süd) accessed on March 3, 2013
  16. ↑ Haus Ruttmann ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 3, 2013  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heimatverein-wesseling.de
  17. ↑ Mülheimer Freiheit 40 (51063 Mülheim) accessed on March 3, 2013
  18. ^ Hans Vogts: Mülheim's old town in the last 150 years of the Bergisch rule. In: Jb. Cologne, Gesch. V., H. 26, 1951, p. 185.
  19. ^ Virtual Bridge Courtyard Museum , accessed on March 2, 2013.
  20. ^ Hans Vogts: Mülheim's old town in the last 150 years of the Bergisch rule. In: Jb. Cologne, Gesch. V., H. 26, 1951, p. 200.
personal data
SURNAME Leydel, Johann Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Rococo builder
DATE OF BIRTH October 25, 1721
PLACE OF BIRTH Allersberg
DATE OF DEATH May 26, 1785
Place of death Mülheim am Rhein