Franz Joseph Roth

Franz Joseph Roth , also: Franz Joseph Ferdinand Roth , (born January 29, 1690 in Vienna ; † March 7, 1758 in Gelchsheim , Lower Franconia ) was a plasterer and master builder of the Teutonic Order during the Rococo period .

Life

His parents were Mathia (s) and Margareta Roth from the Vienna parish of St. Michael . As a 25-year-old he can be traced back to the Teutonic Order Castle Kapfenburg , where he worked under Komtur Karl Heinrich von Hornstein (1713-18) in the Hohenlohe building and the construction of the Lorenz chapel, intended as a burial place for von Hornstein. On May 26, 1716 he married Anna Margaretha (born April 5, 1693), a legitimate daughter of the Mergentheimer senator and fox host and postmaster Martin Keßler. The marriage resulted in ten children, born in Mergentheim and Ellingen. Among them was the son Johann Heinrich Roth . Roth was granted citizenship in Mergentheim on November 24, 1721 and shortly afterwards submitted the request to build a house for himself as "his own master builder" (quoted from Schlegel, p. 198). He therefore not only had knowledge of stucco, but also of architecture, which he later demonstrated several times.

Ellingen, parish church of St. Georg

Ellingen, Maria Hilf crypt chapel

Ellingen, Maximilian Church

Bad Mergentheim, facade of the castle church

Bad Mergentheim, hospital chapel

Raised to the Franconian land commander , based in Ellingen , von Hornstein signed Roth on March 18, 1719 in order to have him stucco the main and west wings of Ellingen Castle. This work took three years to complete; a final payment to Roth was made in November 1721.

From 1721 Franz Joseph Roth created the stucco work in the Teutonic Order Church in Heilbronn . He created the four large stucco figures of the four church fathers Augustine, Ambrosius, Gregory and Hieronymus. In addition, the two herms that supported the fighters, who carried the wide segment arched belt between the second and third yoke in the nave. The two arching herms were only removed during the renovation work in the 1960s.

In 1724 and later he called himself "Baudirector". In 1726 he was involved in the reconstruction of the castle in Ellwangen , where the Teutonic order builder Franz Keller had him stucco the staircase and the prince's hall, as he did in Ellingen Castle in 1721. Back in Ellingen, he built the parish church of St. Georg, the Maximilian Church , the Maria-Hilf chapel as the burial place of Hornsteins and a Jewish house, which later became the inn "Zum Roman Kaiser".

In 1732, as a building contractor with Accord in the Deutschordens-Kommende Mainz , he took over the interior fittings of the main building and the construction of the chapel, which he furnished with his own resources far more valuable than provided for in the Accord. This led to his personal indebtedness. In 1743 his house in Mergentheim was auctioned; it came into the possession of high officials of the Teutonic Order. His later Ellingen work, the building of the town hall (1744–47) and the repair of the Ellingen Castle Church including the construction of a new church tower (1746–51), he was no longer allowed to do as an accord, but only in return for one-off compensation of 100 ducats each part was withheld to satisfy its creditors. During this time, the pilgrimage basilica " Maria Brünnlein " near Wemding was created according to his plans, which he created free of charge on the basis of a vow he had taken as a sick person . In Ellingen he was allowed to do stucco work again in 1753 at the hospital of the Teutonic Order. After disputes with the order - the construction of the new tower of the castle church which he had begun in autumn 1748 already showed cracks in autumn 1749 - he retired to Gelchsheim in Lower Franconia , where he worked as a widower with his daughter Maria Franziska Agricola (* 7. May 1720 in Ellingen) lived. Here he carried out his last building contract with the pilgrimage church "To the Scourged Savior", completed in 1754.

Four years later he died at the age of 68 in Gelchsheim and was buried in the local parish church of St. Gilesheim. In the death register he is named not only as building director, but also as the council of the Bishop of Cologne; he had for 1737 in Sögel built a hunting lodge Clemens Werth of the Cologne Elector Clemens August I of Bavaria provided the designs for the chapel altars and together with the Bonn court architect Michael Leveilly made the interior decoration of the palace complex.

Franz Joseph Roth had a brother named Franz Ignaz Roth, who was also a painter and a teacher of Johann Christoph Fesel .

Works

Kapfenburg Castle , participation in the Hohenlohe building and the Lorenz Chapel (from 1715)

Ellingen, Schlosskirche (reconstruction; stucco work probably by Roth; high altar by Franz Xaver Feuchtmayer based on Roth's design; 1717/18)

Ellingen, Schloss (stucco work in 16 rooms, 6 cabinets and in the stairwell; together with his assistant Leonhard Wex ; 1719–1721)

Heilbronn , Teutonic Order Church (stucco work; 1721).

Ellwangen, Schloss (stucco of the staircase and the prince's hall; 1726)

Ellingen, residential building (from 1776 Gasthof Zum Roman Kaiser ) of the Jewish Amson family, (baroque prayer room, probably based on plans by Roth; 1725–1730)

Bronnbach an der Tauber monastery , Josephssaal (= refectory) (stucco; 1724–1726)

Reimlingen , Catholic parish church St. Georg (1729/30)

Ellingen, Catholic parish church St. Georg (construction and stucco; 1729–1731; stucco 1985–1991 reconstructed)

(Bad) Mergentheim, Schlosskirche (Protestant town church since 1817) (construction plan, site management and stucco; 1730–1736)

Ellingen, from Hornsteinsche crypt chapel Maria-Hilf-Kapelle (construction management, probably also stucco production; 1731)

Nuremberg, Deutschordenskommende (various drawings of building projects that were not carried out in this way; 173217–34)

Mainz, Deutschhaus (today seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag) (continued construction with changes by Roth; stucco of the main building; chapel construction; 1732/33)

Ellingen, Maxkirche (construction; 1733/34) (attributed to Roth)

Ellingen, Gasthof zur Krone (according to the facade chronogram from 1734)

(Bad) Mergentheim, castle renovation (stucco); Sala terrena (construction management; 1735–1738)

Jagdschloss Clemenswerth (interior decoration, altars; from 1737)

Ellingen, orangery , around 1740

(Bad) Mergentheim, Spitalkapelle (building; 1740–1741)

(Bad) Mergentheim, house of the order chancellor Josef Michael Tautphoeus (construction; 1742)

Ellingen, Town Hall (originally High Court Administration) (plan; construction 1744–1747)

Pilgrimage basilica "Maria Brünnlein" near Wemding (construction; 1748–1753)

Ellingen, castle, riding school (according to Roth's plans in 1749)

Ellingen, castle church, church tower (start of construction under Roth in 1748; completion by Matthias Binder in 1751 according to new and own cracks)

(Bad) Mergentheim, Castle, Marstall (Roth's plan that was not implemented; around 1750)

Ellingen, Spitalkirche (stucco; 1753)

Gelchsheim, pilgrimage church "To the Scourged Savior" (today the chapel of St. Johannes Nepomuk) (completed in 1754)

Individual evidence

^ Julius Fekete et al .: Monument Topography Baden-Württemberg Volume I.5 Stadtkreis Heilbronn . Edition Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , p. 42.
↑ Joachim Hennze: On the conversion and refurbishment of the former Teutonic Order Church of St. Peter and Paul in Heilbronn from 1720 to 1725. In: Historischer Verein Heilbronn: Yearbook for Swabian-Franconian History. 32/1992, p. 93.
↑ Albert Laub: The Heilbronner Teutonic Order Church through the centuries. Self-published by the Catholic parish office of St. Peter and Paul, Heilbronn 1952, p. 28.

literature

Johann Jakob Merlo: Roth, Franz Joseph and Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 308.
Ludwig Döry: The Mainz plasterers of the Bandlwerk time . In: Mainzer Zeitschrift 48/49 (1953/54), pp. 109–152
Heinz Schöny: The Viennese origin of the Franconian architects and painters . In: Yearbook of the Association for the History of the City of Vienna 15/16 (1959/60)
Arthur Schlegel: On the life story of the Teutonic Order builder Franz Joseph Roth . In: Yearbook of the historical association for Middle Franconia 84 (1967/68), pp. 198-201
Joseph Kreuzer: Churches in the parish of Ellingen . Ellingen, Catholic parish office, undated
Erich Bachmann: Residence Ellingen. Official leader. Munich: Bayer. Palace administration 1982
Roth, Franz Joseph. In: 800 years of the German Order (exhibition catalog of the GNM Nuremberg). Gütersloh / Munich: Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag 1990, p. 577
Bärbel Schäfer: Ellingen, on the conception of a rural cultural seat of the Teutonic Order and the associated market in the 18th century by the architects Wilhelm Heinrich Beringer, Franz Keller, Franz Joseph Roth and Matthias Binder . Dissertation University of Munich 1993; also: Residenz and Markt Ellingen. For the conception of a country commander's seat in the 18th century . Middle Franconian Studies, Vol. 10. Ansbach: Historischer Verein für Mittelfranken 1994, ISBN 3-87707-480-4

Web links

Commons : Franz Joseph Roth - Collection of images, videos and audio files

personal data
SURNAME	Roth, Franz Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Roth, Franz Joseph Ferdinand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German plasterer and builder of the Rococo
DATE OF BIRTH	January 29, 1690
PLACE OF BIRTH	Vienna
DATE OF DEATH	March 7, 1758
Place of death	Gelchsheim , Lower Franconia

[1] Julius Fekete et al .: Monument Topography Baden-Württemberg Volume I.5 Stadtkreis Heilbronn . Edition Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , p. 42.

[2] Joachim Hennze: On the conversion and refurbishment of the former Teutonic Order Church of St. Peter and Paul in Heilbronn from 1720 to 1725. In: Historischer Verein Heilbronn: Yearbook for Swabian-Franconian History. 32/1992, p. 93.

[3] Albert Laub: The Heilbronner Teutonic Order Church through the centuries. Self-published by the Catholic parish office of St. Peter and Paul, Heilbronn 1952, p. 28.