Kapfenburg Castle
Kapfenburg Castle is a former castle of the Teutonic Order in the Ostalb district in Baden-Württemberg . It is located on the rock of a hilltop protruding freely from the Albtrauf on the northern edge of the Härtsfeld above Lauchheim . The castle consists of several building complexes.
history
Owned by the Teutonic Order
The history of the Teutonic Order began in 1190 during the Third Crusade with the establishment of a hospital community in front of the port city of Acre in Palestine. As early as 1198, the hospital fraternity was transformed into a religious knightly order .
The Kapfenburg , which belonged to the Counts of Öttingen, was first mentioned in a document in 1311 . In 1364, Marquardt the Zoller von Rottenstein, Commander of the Teutonic Order House Mergentheim , acquired the Kapfenburg. It became the administrative center of administration for the order's possessions on the Härtsfeld and in the upper valley of the Jagst as part of the Ballei Franken . The main entrance to the castle is the bastion, built in 1534. Under Commander Johann Graf von Hohenlohe , the Hohenlohebau was built in 1538. Under Komtur Johann Eustach von Westernach (1590–1627), building activity developed on the Kapfenburg. The main wing of the castle, the western replica, with which the Kapfenburg was expanded from a medieval defense structure to a representative manor castle, was built on huge substructures. The eastern entrance front is designed as a rich show facade. Further splendid portals lead into the castle chapel and the knight's hall with stucco decoration by Gerhard Schmidt. On the walls there are portraits of various grand masters and commander, which together with large coats of arms belong to the last remaining inventory of the castle.
During the Peasants' War in 1525, the castle was attacked three times by rebellious peasants, but was able to hold its own. The best known among the Komturen of Kapfenburg was Johann Eustach von Westernach , who was appointed Hoch- und Deutschmeister in 1625 .
In the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) the castle was looted. It was not until the reign of Commander Karl Heinrich Freiherr von Hornstein (1713–1718), who was open to building matters, that a phase of increased building activity began in the Ballei Franken . From 1714, Hornstein called on Franz Keller , the master builder of the Teutonic Order, to act as Commander in Kapfenburg in order to have large parts of the old castle remodeled. In addition to Keller, Hornstein was also able to sign Franz Joseph Roth . Between 1715 and 1719 the Kapfenburg received its present appearance.
Around the forecourt behind the bastion, Keller built various utility buildings and the Lorenz chapel, which Roth stuccoed. The Lorenz chapel was originally intended as a burial chapel for chert. Keller had the two residential floors of the western replica converted into bright and large rooms, which enabled the client to represent and live in a contemporary way. A small terrace garden was also created below the western replica.
List of the Commander in Kapfenburg
- Marquart Zoller v. Rotenstein 1364
- Johann v. 1384
- Walther v. Kaltenthal 1384
- Hans v. Venningen 1396-1428
- Simon v. Leonrod 1441
- Albrecht v. Venningen 1454
- Hans v. Peter 1467
- Christian Truchseß v. London 1481
- Georg Diemer 1484
- Haimeran v. Stockheim 1499
- Hans Nothhaft 1506
- Wilhelm v. Neuhausen 1513
- Count Johann v. Hohenlohe 1538
- Alexius Diemer 1541
- Count Balthas v. Nassau. 1538
- Philipp v. Altdorf called Wollenschlag
- David v. Wasen 1569
- David v. Hardt 1579
- Johann Eustach v. Westernach 1590
- Georg Wilhelm v. Elkershausen called Küpel 1628
- Count Ulrich v. Selva 1635
- Johann Conrad v. Liechtenstein 1639
- Gustav Adolf v. Traundorf 1656
- Johann Adolf Loesch von Hilkerthausen 1657
- Philipp v. Grafeneck 1659
- Johann Friedrich v. Weingarten 1669
- Tiborius Christianus v. Sparr on Greiffenberg 1676
- Johann Adolf Rau v. Holzhausen 1685
- Philipp Adolf v. Hohenegg 1691
- Maxim. Rudolf v. Westernach 1703
- Franz Konrad v. Reinach 1710 (as house commander)
- Karl Heinrich von Hornstein 1714
- Franz Konrad von Reinach 1718
- Georg Daniel v. Buttlar 1725
- Philipp Erwin Anton v. Great Strike 1730
- Conrad Christof v. Lohrbach 1732
- Reinhard Adrian v. Holland 1753
- Rudolf Heinrich Karl Alois v. Werdenstein 1767
- Johann Baptist Christof v. Andlaw 1784
The castle as part of Württemberg
In 1805, Elector Duke Friedrich II of Württemberg issued a patent to take possession of possessions of the Teutonic Order in Württemberg and in the adjacent areas, whereas Bavaria was militarily successful; It was not until the Rhine Confederation Act of 1806 that Kapfenburg and other comers were transferred to the Kingdom of Württemberg. Friedrich's son Paul resided at Kapfenburg Castle until 1807. 1809 took place in the Confederation of the Rhine States by Napoleon issued repeal of the Order, the Grand Master residence was to Vienna laid.
From 1938 to 1945 Kapfenburg Castle was the district school of the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV) , Gauamt Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and served as an ideological training center for members of the NSV. Ernst Benno Mutschler was the head of the NSV district headquarters from 1936–1945 and head of the Kapfenburg Castle School .
1957–1962 the knight's hall and the palace chapel were restored. In 1986, the city of Lauchheim set up a local history museum on the ground floor of the western reconstruction.
Since October 1999 it has housed the International Music School Foundation, Kulturzentrum Schloss Kapfenburg and is a place for musicians to rehearse. There are also regular classical concerts and a large festival in summer. With its educational work, the foundation is committed to musicians' health .
Web links
literature
- Brief guide to State Palaces and Gardens, Regional Tax Office Stuttgart
- Erich W. Hacker: Kapfenburg Castle Foundation - Innovation in old walls. February 2016. ISBN 978-3739232423 .
Coordinates: 48 ° 52 ′ 3 ″ N , 10 ° 13 ′ 25 ″ E