Musicians' medicine

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The musicians medicine concerned with diseases of musicians ( musicians diseases ).

Occasionally, musicians' medicine is also named with the ambiguous term music medicine , which is also used for various forms of music therapy . The related research area of music physiology deals with the research of the physiological basis of music making and the prophylaxis of typical musician's diseases. The term musician's health, which is often used synonymously, is primarily about maintaining the health and well-being of the musician as well as preventive measures. In addition to sufficient exercise through suitable sports, this also includes healthy eating and enough sleep.

Psychological problems such as stage fright are also in the focus of the researchers who deal with musicians' medicine.

Research and science

The Medical Guide for Musicians by Karl Sundelin was published as early as 1832 . At the turn of the century, Friedrich Adolf Steinhausen (1859–1910) published various music-medical treatises. In the 1920s, Julius Flesch wrote about the musician's occupational diseases (Flesch, Celle 1925). The neurologist Kurt Singer published the book Occupational Diseases of Musicians in 1926 , and from 1923 he taught at the "Hanns Eisler" University of Music in Berlin . The Kurt Singer Institute for Musicians' Medicine in Berlin (University of the Arts and Music Academy Hanns Eisler) was named after him and is now headed by Alexander Schmidt . Other music medical institutions are the "Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians 'Medicine" (IMMM) at the University of Music, Drama and Media Hanover founded in 1974 by Christoph Wagner , headed by Eckart Altenmüller since 1994 and the Freiburg Institute for Musicians' Medicine , founded in 2005, headed by Claudia Spahn and Bernhard Richter . In the GDR, research and therapy was carried out in the occupational medical advice center of the theater and orchestra in Berlin. Other institutes or departments for music physiology and musicians' medicine can be found among others. a. at the music academies in Weimar, Leipzig, Dresden and Frankfurt as well as at the University Hospital Düsseldorf.

The German Society for Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine was founded in 1994 and organizes a congress every year. Associations have also been established in Switzerland, Austria ( Austrian Society for Music and Medicine ), France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, USA and New Zealand since the 1990s.

Typical diseases

Overloading and premature wear and tear of the muscles , tendons and joints, mainly of the arms and especially the hands, are particularly common . Of the 264,000 salaried professional musicians who worked in the USA in 2006, 50–76% suffered from work-related musculoskeletal complaints, depending on the instrument played, with women being affected significantly more frequently (70% versus 52%). The symptoms most often occur in the third and fourth decades of life. Risk factors are general overmobility ( hyperlaxicity ) of the joints, suddenly increased and intensified practice, change of instructor / conductor, stress, poor posture and poor handling of the instrument.

Typical diseases are:

Some diseases are typical of certain instruments. It is reported that playing an instrument such as the violin, viola or wind instrument for a long period of time can be associated with changes in the teeth, oral cavity, jaw and face.

Prevention and therapy

Prevention is the focus of music medicine work. This means that musicians should be informed about prevention options. Ergonomics (both an optimal adaptation of the instrument to the body with appropriate aids and good chairs), suitable sports and knowledge of the physiological and anatomical principles of making music are important building blocks in the prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. A healthy diet and adequate sleep also enable more powerful music-making.

Relaxation techniques can also be helpful. These include progressive muscle relaxation according to Jacobsen, autogenic training , meditation but also Taichi chuan and Qigong . In addition, movement teaching methods such as eutony , Alexander technique , Feldenkrais , Dispokinesis or functional movement theory are particularly suitable for recognizing and changing incorrect posture and incorrect movements . These techniques not only play an important role in prevention, but can also reduce or eliminate existing disorders. Osteopathy is used as a further form of therapy .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ S. Sheibani wheel, S. Wolfe, J. Jupiter: Hand disorders in musicians The Bone and Joint Journal 2013; Volume 95-B, Issue 2, February 2013, pp. 146–150
  2. ↑ Playing better, playing faster, dubbing: occupational diseases in musicians. Retrieved October 18, 2017 .
  3. ↑ A. Głowacka A, M. Matthews-Kozanecka, M. Kavala, Kavala example: The impact of the long-term playing of musical instruments on the stomatognathic system - review . Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine: Official Organ Wroclaw Medical University, Volume 23, No. 1, pp. 143-146 (2014), PMID 24596017 .