Steele (food)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Steele Coat of Arms
Coat of arms of the city of Essen

Steele
district of Essen

Location of Steele in the VII Steele / Kray district
Basic data
surface 3.03  km²
Residents 16,741 (March 31, 2020)
Coordinates 51 ° 26 '58 "  N , 7 ° 4' 35"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 26 '58 "  N , 7 ° 4' 35"  E
height 67  m
Incorporation Aug 1, 1929
Spatial assignment
Post Code 45276
District number 34
district District VII Steele / Kray
image
Steele, view from the south

Steele, view from the south

Source: City of Essen statistics

Steele is an eastern part of the city of Essen and classified as a medium-sized center within it . Steele was an independent city on the Ruhr from 1578 until it was incorporated into the city of Essen in 1929 .

Steele borders in the north on Kray , in the north-east on Leithe , in the east on Freisenbruch , in the south-east on Horst , in the south on Überruhr , in the south-west on Bergerhausen and in the west on Huttrop .

history

From the foundation to the early modern era

Steele Coat of Arms

Steele's history goes back to the 9th century. The place was first mentioned in a document in 840. In 938 the second German king and later Roman emperor Otto I the Great held a court day there.

1047 is a directory of the monastery to Become the peasantry Freisenbruch mentioned. A second branch of the Hellweg ran through this peasantry , after it had become safer with the construction of Haus Horst . The original Hellweg ran through Schonnebeck and through the Kray-Leithe farmers. The Im Helf path (shortened for Im Hellwegshof ) around the Adlerstrasse industrial park is reminiscent of the old route. Centuries later, both paths were used side by side.

In 1318, Princess Anna Salome planted vineyards near Steele.

The Holbeckshof, a treatment item that belonged to the Oberhof Eickenscheidt, is mentioned in 1322 and then between 1408 and 1411 in the so-called chain book (liber catenatus). It was located on today's street Holbecks Hof. The Holtbecke (Holzbach), which gave the farm its name, flowed from the north-west. There was originally a mill pond with a water mill by the stream. Indications of this pond, which existed until the 19th century, were found in February 2020 during the inspection of soil work in the area of ​​the allotment gardens located there today.

The Steeler city wall was built in the 15th century and demolished in 1815.

In 1549, a year after a major fire in Steele, the first fire protection regulations were issued.

In 1578 Steele received city ​​rights . The abbess Elisabeth von Manderscheid- Blankenheim awarded the city her seal with three rings.

In 1580 Steele was mentioned in the town book of Bruyn and Hugenberg with its profitable coal mines.

While at the beginning of the 18th century Steele belonged to the abbess's monastery in Essen, the settlements to the east are located on Prussian territory and are therefore known as " Königssteele ".

The abbess Franziska Christine von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1724–1776) donated an orphanage in Steele, the Fürstin-Franziska-Christine-Stiftung , whose baroque facade still shapes Steele's appearance today.

In 1794, the new road from Essen via Steele to Bochum, which was laid down by the Minister von Heinz in 1787, was completed. The users of the highway had to pay a toll.

19th century

In 1842 the mill at Isinger Tor, which came into the possession of the farmer Schulte-Ising in 1667, burned down. It had previously been renewed in 1818 and probably came from before the Thirty Years War . After the fire, the mill was rebuilt, but not the Isinger Tor, which was also destroyed and the remains of which had been demolished. The street Isinger Tor, so called since 1926, was called Steinweg, at the end of which was the Knops-Porthe, later called Isinger Tor, through which the Hellweg ran.

In 1862, Steele was connected to the railway network by the Witten / Dortmund – Oberhausen / Duisburg line of the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (BME).

In 1863, the BME took over the Prinz-Wilhelm-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft and connected its Wuppertal-Vohwinkel-Essen-Überruhr line with its own line at Steele station over the new Ruhr Bridge and built the line further to Dahlhausen . The resulting hub station had different names over the years: Königssteele, Steele Nord, Steele Hbf, today Essen-Steele Ost station.

On January 1, 1864, the Sparkasse Steele was founded as the third savings bank in what is now the city of Essen - after Essen and Werden .

In 1869 the St. Laurentius Hospital started operations. Today the listed building is home to the St. Laurentius Senior Citizens' Foundation .

On November 14, 1872, the Protestant Peace Church was inaugurated.

In 1874 the Imperial Post Office was opened on Grendplatz.

In 1875 the striking neo-Gothic parish church of St. Laurentius was inaugurated, the crossing octagon of which is crowned by a ridge turret that almost reaches the height of the west tower. The church located directly above the old town of Steel is popularly known as "Steeler Dom".

In 1876 the Volunteer Fire Brigade Steele was founded, which is still serving today as the Volunteer Fire Brigade Essen-Steele as a tactical unit of the professional fire brigade Essen and still consists of honorary members. The fire station is now in Ruhrbruchshof 6.

In 1878/1879 the Mülheim-Heißen-Altendorf (Ruhr) railway line of the Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft and with it the Steele Süd station went into operation.

Marian column on the Grendplatz

In 1879 the district court at Grendplatz was inaugurated.

In 1882 the Steeler Traffic and Beautification Association was founded. He was instrumental in shaping the growing city of Steele. The Steele City Garden , for example, emerged from his initiative . Numerous personalities can be found in the ranks of the chairmen and members of the association. In the course of the national socialists' policy of harmonization , the association had to be dissolved in the 1930s. Immediately after the end of World War II it was named Steeler Bürgerschaft e. V. re-established.

In 1889 the Marian column was erected on Grendplatz by the Steel sculptor Peters. It followed a centuries-old saint's house , which was demolished due to dilapidation, and is still today the blessing station of the Steel Corpus Christi procession, which takes place every year on Trinity Sunday.

The Essen-Steele water tower was built in 1898 and was in operation until 1984.

20th century

In 1910/1911 the 42-hectare Steeler City Garden was built as a public park for the recreation of the citizens of Steele on the initiative of the then Transport and Improvement Association (today Steeler Bürgerschaft eV), about 40 meters above the Ruhr on a slope . It was also during this period that the Stadtgartensaalbau was built for cultural events and the sculpture Odysseus by the Steeler sculptor Franz Guntermann was erected.

When the law regulating the new municipal boundaries in the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial districts came into force , most of the municipality of Königssteele , which had previously belonged to the province of Westphalia and to which Eiberg , Horst and Freisenbruch had belonged since 1919 , was incorporated into Steele on April 1, 1926 .

In the 1920s, a new residential area was built above Steeler's old town around Laurentiusweg and Steeler Stadtgarten, which has some high-quality, listed residential buildings in the style of architectural expressionism (Schnütgenstraße). The water tower from 1898 can also be found there .

The Steeler Synagogue, inaugurated on September 14, 1883, stood in the middle of Steele . On November 10, 1938 , it was burned down and then demolished.

During the Second World War , Steele suffered little damage to the building structure compared to downtown Essen.

In 1948 the Kaiser Wilhelm monument in the middle of the Grendplatz was dismantled.

Refurbishment in the 1960s and 1970s

Remaining Wilhelminian style buildings on Grendplatz

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Steele was the scene of one of the largest urban restructuring measures in Germany. Under the heading of renovation , Steele was redesigned, especially in its northern and eastern parts, through demolition and new construction. As part of this area renovation, entire streets from pre-industrial half-timbered houses were sacrificed and large areas of more or less intact Wilhelminian-style buildings were destroyed. Of most of the houses that were classified as monuments before the renovation, hardly any remained after the complete demolition of an entire district.

The corner house called Mühlenhof at Scheidtmanntor (corner of Steeler Straße and Paßstraße) was one of the first houses to be laid down at the end of the 1960s . Built in 1929 in the independent town of Steele by Johann Vogelsang, it was located opposite the train station and was considered Steele's figurehead. The skyscraper of the Kaiser-Otto-Residenz senior citizens' home was opened in 1988 on the vacated property, which was initially used for many years as a park and at times a fairground .

For the construction of the Wertheim department store in 1972, significant historical building material in Steele's oldest settlement was destroyed. The department store was closed again in February 1979, after which the building was empty until 1985. The establishment of new supermarkets such as Globus and Spar from 1985 onwards failed, but gave the complex its current name, Globus-Center . Today the house is used by an electronics market as well as the city of Essen and retail stores. Even today (as of September 2019) there are empty shops in the basement. The construction of the GAGFAH residential high-rise in Bochumer Strasse 64, which, contrary to the twelve floors originally specified in the development plan, was approved and built with 21 floors at the insistence of the investor, which was also heavily criticized later . Another scandal in the history of the renovation was the construction of the Kröger furniture store. At the start of construction, the development plan permitted a new building with a maximum of four floors. Kröger then obtained a special permit for the construction of six floors. Contrary to this approval, however, the new building had seven floors, whereupon the building administration, after knowing this, shut down the construction site in January 1972 and only allowed the client to make the top, unapproved floor winter-proof. Regardless of this, the floor in question was completely completed - without the knowledge of the administration. In November 1973, the completed building was approved by subsequent upgrading of the development plan and finally accepted, thus legalizing the violation of the law previously committed by Kröger. The Essen building department head Hans Helm, who came under strong public and political criticism as a result, was unable to recognize any concessions to Kröger in this procedure and instead spoke of an "urban development plan worthwhile" adaptation of the development plan. The matter turned into a scandal when it became known in 1974 that the files of the municipal legal office on the litigation "City of Essen / Josef Kröger" in the Essen administration "in the course of business" had been lost without a trace.

In connection with the Steeler restructuring measures, the Essen-Steele West S-Bahn station was also created as a central connection point between the S-Bahn , light rail and bus . It then took over the name from the old Essen-Steele train station about a kilometer away , which was renamed Essen-Steele Ost . On February 1, 1978, the elevated connecting curve from the Ruhr Bridge to Essen-Steele West station (then Essen-Steele station ) was opened.

population

There were 16,741 residents in Steele as of March 31, 2020.

Structural data of the population in Steele (as of March 31, 2020):

  • Share of the population under 18 years of age: 15.3% (Essen average: 16.2%)
  • Population share of at least 65-year-olds: 25.5% (Essen average: 21.5%)
  • Proportion of foreigners: 15.4% (Essen average: 16.9%)

politics

mayor

Officials of Königssteele

  • 1885–1903: Wilhelm Hans
  • 1903–1917: Hermann Bock von Wülfingen
  • 1919–1926: Bernhard Adolph Maria Hechelmann

Today's character

As part of the renovation in the 1970s, several previously heavily used thoroughfares in the city center were converted into pedestrian zones with various retail stores. After the renovation, the cityscape of Steele also shows buildings from the Wilhelminian era and Art Nouveau. The center of urban life are Kaiser-Otto-Platz and Grendplatz. They are also the venue for numerous events organized by the retail trade, the Steeler Werbering, during the year. These include the wine festival, the spring fair, the autumn fair, Ruhr in Flames and the Steeler Christmas market, which has been taking place since 1976. A motorcycle service takes place once or twice a year in Steele . The Kulturforum , or Kufo for short , was built in Steele's former ticket office and houses a café, a wine tavern and some rooms of the adult education center. The Grend cultural center with the Freudenhaus theater and gastronomy is at home in the old Steeler Rector's School on Westfalenstrasse . One of the historic quarters on the edge of Steeler's old town is the Hünninghausenweg monument area .

There is a promenade and a small outdoor pool on the Ruhr . Steele is located directly on various cycling and hiking trails. The RuhrtalRadweg , Kaiser-Route and Route der Industriekultur lead along the Steeler Ruhr banks.

The men's team of the Humann Essen volleyball club plays its home games of the second division in Steele in the Wolfskuhle sports hall.

This sports hall belongs to the school at Wolfskuhle on Pinxtenweg, which was founded as a grammar school in the summer of 1968. A little later, secondary and secondary schools were added to the overall complex. The latter two were merged in 1988 to form the Erich Kästner Comprehensive School, while the grammar school at Wolfskuhle remained independent.

Transportation

Traffic area after renovation in August 2010
Link between rail and local public transport at Essen-Steele station - 2005

The Essen-Steele station belongs to in May 1977 in operation previous Steeler traffic square, after the central station to the main transport hub is one of interest. In the 1970s, the concept, which is still valid today, was developed to go to the traffic area centrally with buses and from there to transport passengers by S , regional or tram towards the city center.

The traffic area was functionally rebuilt from the beginning of 2009 to August 2010 in its previous scope. It went back into operation on August 28, 2010. For example, the arrival and departure points of the trams have been designed so that the buses can be reached more comfortably. In addition, there was a new roofing of the traffic routes and waiting areas as well as barrier-free access across all levels up to the platforms. The renovation costs were around nine million euros, two thirds of which were borne by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city of Essen and the public transport company shared three million euros.

Run here

In addition, there is the Essen-Steele Ost S-Bahn station , which is served by the S 1 and S 3 lines and has connections to some bus routes.

Public facilities

Steele outdoor pool

There is a traffic-calmed pedestrian zone with shops for daily needs.

In Steele there are all types of schools, the Alfried Krupp Hospital Steele (formerly Luther Hospital) with adjoining hospice, the Knappschafts Hospital , care facilities, the orphanage of the Fürstin-Franziska-Christine Foundation , a theater, a district court and the city's public transport department Eat.

Opened in 1945, the Steele outdoor pool is located directly on the banks of the Ruhr and has a small multi-purpose pool. The swimming pool is leased by the Steele 11 swimming club, but is open to the public.

Personalities

literature

  • Marc Brandt: Monument guide through Essen-Steele . Essen 2006. Only in the local bookstore or through the Steeler Bürgerschaft e. V. available.
  • Manfred Hensing: Steele ... unforgettable . Essen 2001, ISBN 3-922785-71-9 (Historical Steeler city views)
  • Corneel Voigt: Nice Steele . Essen 1999, ISBN 3-922785-51-4 (illustrated book about Steele an der Ruhr)
  • Tim Schanetzky : the end of megalomania. The history of urban redevelopment in Essen-Steele . Essen 1998, ISBN 3-88474-673-1 (critical examination of the Steeler urban redevelopment).

See also

Web links

Commons : Essen Steele  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Evidence of a historical reservoir discovered at Holbecks Hof in Steele ; In: Press release of the City of Essen from February 18, 2020
  2. ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 229 and 254 .
  3. ^ Steeler Archives
  4. ↑ The Kaiser Otto Residence turns 30 ; In: Lokalkompass from August 10, 2018
  5. ↑ Population figures of the districts
  6. ↑ Proportion of the population under 18 years of age
  7. ↑ Proportion of the population aged 65 and over
  8. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the city districts
  9. ^ Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung WAZ in June 2010: Delay at Steeler Verkehrsplatz
  10. ^ Steele outdoor pool . Website of the city of Essen. Retrieved June 23, 2014.