Scharnhausen

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Scharnhausen
City of Ostfildern
Scharnhausen coat of arms
Coordinates: 48 ° 42 ′ 31 ″  N , 9 ° 15 ′ 51 ″  E
Height : 305 m
Residents : 4439  (March 30, 2015)
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 73760
Area code : 07158

Scharnhausen (Swabian Scharnhausa ['ʃarnhousɐ̃]) is a district of the city of Ostfildern in Baden-Württemberg . The place is in the Körschtal between Ruit , Nellingen and Neuhausen .

history

The first documentary mention of the place dates from 1242, the name "Scharnhausen" goes back to the knight Scharre von Husen , who resided here. The next decisive event in the history of the village was a great conflagration (1590), which destroyed almost the whole place (then approx. 200 inhabitants). After 1649 Scharnhausen belonged then completely the House of Württemberg after previously not part of the place held by the provost had been Nellingen.

Philipp Matthäus Hahn

In 1739 the inventor Philipp Matthäus Hahn , who later developed clocks and scales, was born here as the son of the pastor, and in 1787 the inventor and entrepreneur Karl Christian Wagenmann .

Carl Eugene

In the 18th century, the Württemberg princes also took a liking to the farming village: Duke Carl Eugen built a pleasure palace on site in 1784, after which the Württemberg kings set up a private stud in the Scharnhauser Körschtal. There they bred their famous Arabian horses until 1928 , with Scharnhausen serving as a rearing place for the foals. The stud was then moved to Marbach .

During the period of industrialization , factories were built in Esslingen am Neckar and Stuttgart , which withdrew many workers from the town; however, they first had to walk to work. There was an economic upturn in the traditionally poor farming village only after a tram connection to Nellingen, Esslingen and Neuhausen was established in 1929 (reopened in 1978). In the 1960s, the first industrial companies settled in the town itself and helped the citizens to increase their prosperity.

Until 1939 the place belonged to the Stuttgart District Office and then became part of the Esslingen district . On January 1, 1975 it was merged with the towns of Nellingen, Kemnat and Ruit to form the town of Ostfildern as part of the community reform .

Worth seeing

Schlössle and Amortempel

The Württemberg Duke Carl Eugen (1728–1793) built a small pleasure palace on the outskirts of the village in 1784, where he wanted to recover from government business: "Carolus Otio" ( Latin Carl for leisure ) is carved on the triangular gable above the year.

The castle - which is kept classicistically simple - was designed by the court architect Reinhard Ferdinand Heinrich Fischer .

Following the example of the Wörlitzer Park in Dessau , an English garden with an artificial hilly landscape, water systems with an accessible island and various buildings, including an artificial ruin and a grotto, was created around the “Schlössle” .

Two of these buildings are still preserved: One is the so-called Amor Temple, which Carl Eugen supposedly had built for his lover Franziska von Hohenheim . It is a small, white round temple ( Monopteros ) that rests on 12 simple columns; a pine cone as an ancient symbol of fertility adorns the roof. The castle and temple are still standing today - a veterinary practice was housed in the castle and the outbuildings for years. Today the castle is a residential building that is owned by the royal family. The Württemberg family is leased to the residents, the small temple is on the hill behind it. King Wilhelm had it moved in 1822, when Scharnhausen was a royal stud, in order to have more space for his horses.

Hofer mill and stud farm

The Hofer mill was also part of Carl Eugen's magnificent English garden; As the name suggests, it was originally built as a mill (the Körsch flows in front of the house) before the Duke bought it. The mill was later used by the royal private stud, a fountain (from Wasseralfingen , erected in 1822) with a suckling mare is evidence of this to this day. The architect Giovanni Salucci built a stable for the royal mares next to the Hofer Mühle in 1823, and in 1836 a huge stable for over 100 foals was added, the basic features of which have been preserved to this day.

Scharnhausen stud farm, around 1860

In one part of the stable, the so-called mare stable, horses are still housed today. The mare and foal stable is still partly a horse stable today (the left side wing), the remaining part was used from 1954 to 1989 as a carpenter's shop and furniture sales company for Karl Kehle Sitzmöbel, later Gebr. Kehle OHG. Storage rooms were housed here from 1989 to 2000. From 2000 to 2009 used as a warehouse for a forwarding company. Since 2009 it has been used as a commercial space by three companies.

town hall

The Scharnhausen town hall dates back to the 16th century (a year on the door indicates that it was built in 1596). Next to the door is an old coat of arms with a ploughshare and plow knife in stone. The half-timbered building is supported on the front by four massive stone pillars, into which a fountain is integrated, which in the past probably served primarily as an animal drinking trough. Since the Thirty Years War (1618–1648), local wealthy people presented themselves with stained glass in the town hall windows. Of the original 13 discs, which are now considered to be extremely valuable, only four have survived: three are in the State Museum in Stuttgart, one has ended up in Milan . The building was used as a town hall until the 1990s, but was sold to private investors in the course of urban austerity measures. Today it is used as a hotel.

The wall

Map with Wörnitzhausen / Wermeshausen
Catenary mast of the disused tram

The American artist Sol LeWitt erected white brick walls between the Ostfildern suburbs in 1992: four groups with one to four walls. They are supposed to symbolize the merging of the (then still) four parts of the city. In Scharnhausen, the sculptures, some of which are controversial among the population, can be found at the exits towards Kemnat and Ruit.

Volcanic vent

The Scharnhauser Vulkanschlot , one of the approx. 350 volcanoes of the so-called Urach volcanic area, the so-called Swabian volcano , is of particular geological importance as the northernmost of them. The Scharnhauser Schlot was recognized as a volcanic vent in 1892 by Wilhelm von Branca . It was declared an extensive natural monument in 1983.

The chimney is filled with volcanic tuff and appears on the surface as an approximately circular tuff area with a diameter of approx. 150 to 200 meters within the surrounding Keuper . Due to the ground cover, however, the underlying rock cannot be seen. The exact extent of the chimney was determined magnetometrically .

The soil was removed from a small area on the Körschtalhang (west of the Scharnhausen-Ruit road), creating a small artificial outcrop . Various volcanic tuffs were visible in this outcrop. White Jurassic limestone characteristic of the uppermost layer of the Jura plateau in the Swabian Alb has also been found . As in the chimneys of other Swabian volcanoes, which are now solitary (as a result of the reversal of relief ) north of the Alb eaves, these white Jurassic limes are marks for the fact that the Jura plateau was at the time of the formation of the Swabian volcanoes (in the geological time unit of the Miocene approx. Years) at least to Scharnhausen to the north.

Others

  • The historic town of Wörnitzhausen / Wermeshausen, located near Scharnhausen, has disappeared without a trace over the years.
  • Nature has recaptured the remnants of the route of the former Esslingen – Nellingen – Denkendorf tram , one of the former overhead line masts was moved to the property of a local butcher's shop and today bears the company sign there.

societies

Sons and daughters of the place

literature

  • Friedrich Müller: Wild Hunt . In: The Gazebo . Issue 19, 1866, pp. 300–302 (horse breeding in Scharnhausen, with illustration by Otto Fikentscher).

Individual evidence

  1. See Reichardt, Lutz, Ortnamesbuch des Kreises Esslingen, publications of the Commission for historical regional studies in Baden-Württemberg, Series B 98. Volume, p. 95
  2. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 461 .
  3. Johannes Baier: The Urach-Kirchheimer volcanic area of ​​the Swabian Alb. In: Aufschluss 71 (4), pp. 224–233, 2020.
  4. Award of the Eichendorff badge 2006 in Blätter des Schwäbischer Albverein, issue 6/2006, p. 18
  5. Horst Gromer: OG Scharnhausen in Blätter des Schwäbischer Albverein, issue 6/2006, p. 27